Abstract: A sensing device is provided that includes a tunnel junction created by forming a hole in a layered tunnel junction (for example). A chemically, well-defined surface may be formed by coupling affinity reagents to the electrodes, which, by these means, the surface may be configured to be selective for a particular analyte.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to amino acid, modified amino acid, peptide and protein identification and sequencing, by means of, for example, electronic detection of individual amino acids or small peptides.

Abstract: The invention includes compositions, devices, and methods for analyzing a polymer and/or polymer unit. The polymer may be a homo or hetero-polymer such as DNA, RNA, a polysaccharide, or a peptide. The device includes electrodes that form a tunnel gap through which the polymer can pass. The electrodes are functionalized with a reagent attached thereto, and the reagent is capable of forming a transient bond to a polymer unit. When the transient bond forms between the reagent and the unit, a detectable signal is generated and used to analyze the polymer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods, systems and devices, for analyzing the molecules. For example, in some embodiments, a system is provided which includes a first volume of conducting fluid, a second volume of conducting fluid, an orifice in communication with said first and second volumes of fluid, and means for applying an electric potential difference between said first and second volumes of fluid. In some such embodiments, a conjugate product is provided which comprises charged polymers each having attached thereto at least one first molecule for analysis, where the product carries a predetermined charge greater than the charge on the first molecule, and upon dissolving a product in the first volume of fluid, the product is directed into the orifice.

Abstract: Chemical linkage reagents, methods of making and method of using the same are provided. Chemical linkage reagents according to at least some of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be incorporated into or operatively-linked with affinity molecules for attachment to silicon oxide surfaces to, for example, measure interactions between an affinity molecule and its targeting biomolecules.

Abstract: A single molecule sensing or detecting device includes a first electrode and a second electrode separated from the first electrode by a gap. The first electrode and the second electrode have an opening formed therethrough. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is functionalized with a recognition molecule. The recognition molecule has an effective length L1 and is configured to selectively bind to a target molecule having an effective length L2. The size of the gap is configured to be greater than 2L1, but less than or equal to the sum of 2L1 and L2.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods, systems and devices, for analyzing the molecules. For example, in some embodiments, a system is provided which includes a first volume of conducting fluid, a second volume of conducting fluid, an orifice in communication with the first and second volumes of fluid, and means for applying an electric potential difference between the first and second volumes of fluid. In some embodiments, a conjugate product is provided which includes charged polymers each having attached thereto at least one first molecule for analysis, where the product carries a predetermined charge greater than the charge on the first molecule, and upon dissolving a product in the first volume of fluid, the product is directed into the orifice.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to recognition tunneling systems, methods and devices, and more particularly, to chemical reactions for selectively labeling proteins and peptides and placing protein and/or peptides into, or onto a nanopore formed in a solid support and threading such in and/or through the nanopore, with such nanopores, in some embodiments, including a molecular motor to pull or otherwise force the protein/peptide through the nanopore.

Abstract: The invention includes compositions, devices, and methods for analyzing a polymer and/or polymer unit. The polymer may be a homo or hetero-polymer such as DNA, RNA, a polysaccharide, or a peptide. The device includes electrodes that form a tunnel gap through which the polymer can pass. The electrodes are functionalized with a reagent attached thereto, and the reagent is capable of forming a transient bond to a polymer unit. When the transient bond forms between the reagent and the unit, a detectable signal is generated and used to analyze the polymer.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to recognition tunneling systems, methods and devices, and more particularly, to chemical reactions for selectively labeling proteins and peptides and placing protein and/or peptides into, or onto a nanopore formed in a solid support and threading such in and/or through the nanopore, with such nanopores, in some embodiments, including a molecular motor to pull or otherwise force the protein/peptide through the nanopore.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems, devices and methods for identifying biopolymers, such as strands of DNA, as they pass through a constriction such as a carbon nanotube nanopore. More particularly, the invention is directed to such systems, devices and methods in which a newly translocated portion of the biopolymer forms a temporary electrical circuit between the nanotube nanopore and a second electrode, which may also be a nanotube. Further, the invention is directed to such systems, devices and methods in which the constriction is provided with a functionalized unit which, together with a newly translocated portion of the biopolymer, forms a temporary electrical circuit that can be used to characterize that portion of the biopolymer.

Abstract: A single molecule sensing or detecting device includes a first electrode and a second electrode separated from the first electrode by a gap. The first electrode and the second electrode have an opening formed therethrough. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is functionalized with a recognition molecule. The recognition molecule has an effective length L1 and is configured to selectively bind to a target molecule having an effective length L2. The size of the gap is configured to be greater than L2, but less than or equal to the sum of L1 and L2.

Abstract: Some of the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a compound of the formula, and methods of preparing and using same.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems, devices and methods for identifying biopolymers, such as strands of DNA, as they pass through a constriction such as a carbon nanotube nanopore. More particularly, the invention is directed to such systems, devices and methods in which a newly translocated portion of the biopolymer forms a temporary electrical circuit between the nanotube nanopore and a second electrode, which may also be a nanotube. Further, the invention is directed to such systems, devices and methods in which the constriction is provided with a functionalized unit which, together with a newly translocated portion of the biopolymer, forms a temporary electrical circuit that can be used to characterize that portion of the biopolymer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide bisbiotin ligands and related conjugates and methods. The bisbiotin ligands, combined with streptavidin, can be used in the separation, labelling, targeting, and immobilization of biomolecules.

Abstract: A sensing device is provided that includes a tunnel junction created by forming a hole in a layered tunnel junction (for example). A chemically, well-defined surface may be formed by coupling affinity reagents to the electrodes, which, by these means, the surface may be configured to be selective for a particular analyte.

Abstract: An system for recognition of a translocating polymetric target molecule includes a device having at least one constriction that is sized to permit translocation of only a single copy of the molecule. A pair of spaced apart sensing electrodes border the constriction, which may be a nonopore. The first electrode is connected to a first affinity element and the second electrode is connected to a second affinity element. Each affinity element may connected to its corresponding electrode via one or more intermediary compounds, such as a linker molecule and/or an electrode attachment molecule. The first and second affinity elements are configured to temporarily form hydrogen bonds with first and second portions of the target molecule as the latter passes through the constriction. During translocation, the electrodes affinity elements and first and second portions of the target molecule complete an electrical circuit and allow a measurable electrical current to pass between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: Triazole-based molecules, methods of making and using the same are provided. Triazole-based molecules may be used as reading molecules and incorporated into or operatively-linked with electrodes, for example, and used in recognition tunneling systems to identify individual and/or sequences of molecules (e.g., DNA bases, carbohydrates, proteins, peptides, and/or amino-acids).

Abstract: Chemical linkage reagents, methods of making and method of using the same are provided. Chemical linkage reagents according to at least some of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be incorporated into or operatively-linked with affinity molecules for attachment to silicon oxide surfaces to, for example, measure interactions between an affinity molecule and its targeting biomolecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device having at least one constriction that is sized to permit translocation of only a single copy of the molecule. The device has a pair of spaced apart sensing electrodes that border the constriction, which may be a nanopore. The first electrode is connected to a first affinity element and the second electrode is connected to a second affinity element. The first and second affinity elements are configured to temporarily form hydrogen bonds with first and second portions of the target molecule as the latter passes through the constriction.