Abstract: Various embodiments provide an electronic device and a method therefor, the electronic device comprising: at least one memory; a communication interface; one or more sensors; a location module; and at least one processor functionally connected to the at least one memory, the communication interface, the one or more sensors, and the location module, wherein the at least one processor is configured to acquire sensing data from at least one sensor among the one or more sensors, estimate a vehicle on-boarding state on the basis of the sensing data, and recognize, on the basis of the estimated vehicle on-boarding state, a vehicle on-boarding state by using the communication interface or the location module. Other embodiments are also possible.

Abstract: An electronic device and method are disclosed herein. The electronic device includes a communication module, a memory and at least one processor, which implements the method, including responsive to detecting a request to update additional data corresponding to detecting a present location, transmitting a request to update the additional data to at least one external electronic device in communicable range of the communication module, receiving the additional data in response to the transmitted request via the first module of the communication module, detecting a validity of the received additional data, and detecting the present location via the second module of the communication module based at least partially on the additional data if the additional data is detected to be available.

Abstract: A method of imaging a sample having birefringent crystals (or other materials) using a lens-free polarized microscopy device includes illuminating the sample contained on a sample holder with circularly polarized partially coherent or coherent light and capturing lower resolution holographic images of the birefringent crystals with an image sensor. A polarization analyzer unit made from a ?/4 retarder and a linear polarizer is positioned between the sample holder and the image sensor. The lower resolution holographic images are obtained with the polarization analyzer unit in two different orientations (e.g. ˜90° orientations). Phase-retrieved, higher resolution images of the birefringent crystals at the different orientations are obtained using the lower resolution holographic images. A differential image is generated from the respective phase-retrieved, higher resolution images. An object support mask is applied to identify the birefringent crystals which can then be pseudo-colored.

Abstract: An operation control device for a fuel cell vehicle includes: a stack current determination unit monitoring a stack current of the fuel cell stack and determining whether an operation state of a fuel cell stack is in an upper-limit voltage limiting section; a battery state determination unit monitoring a state of charge (SOC) of a high voltage battery and determining whether the SOC of the high voltage battery is in a set reference SOC range; and an air flow rate control unit determining a compensation for an air flow rate of an air supply system according to the SOC of the high voltage battery, and outputting a control signal to an air compressor and an air pressure control valve according to the compensated air flow rate, when the operation state of the fuel cell stack is in the upper-limit voltage limiting section.

Abstract: A method for measuring wafer alignment is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of first mark patterns extending in a first direction on a wafer, providing at least one second mark pattern on the first mark patterns such that it overlaps and intersects the first mark patterns, irradiating an optical signal onto the first mark patterns and the second mark pattern and obtaining coordinates of the second mark pattern by detecting signals from the second mark pattern.

Abstract: A system for controlling a state of charge (SOC) of a battery includes a battery SOC control apparatus for controlling a revolution per minute (RPM) of an air blower based on the SOC of the battery and a number of charge/discharge cycles of the battery in a case where a vehicle is in a constant current driving state, and a memory device for storing the SOC of the battery calculated by the battery SOC control apparatus.

Abstract: A method of controlling voltage of a fuel cell includes steps of: determining whether a mode is a high-voltage avoidance mode of the fuel cell; controlling a fuel cell stack voltage to be at a predetermined reference value or less when the mode is the high-voltage avoidance mode of the fuel cell; monitoring individual cell voltages of the fuel cell and determining whether a maximum value of the monitored individual cell voltages exceeds a predetermined individual value; reducing a reference value of the fuel cell stack voltage when the maximum value of the monitored individual cell voltages exceed the predetermined individual value; and controlling the fuel cell stack voltage at the reduced reference value or less. The method and system for controlling fuel cell voltage is provided to secure durability and performance of individual cells of a fuel cell stack.

Abstract: An electronic device and method are disclosed herein. The electronic device includes a communication module, a memory and at least one processor, which implements the method, including responsive to detecting a request to update additional data corresponding to detecting a present location, transmitting a request to update the additional data to at least one external electronic device in communicable range of the communication module, receiving the additional data in response to the transmitted request via the first module of the communication module, detecting a validity of the received additional data, and detecting the present location via the second module of the communication module based at least partially on the additional data if the additional data is detected to be available.

Abstract: A method may include forming a first grating and a second grating, disposed in a region of vertical overlap of the first and second gratings on different levels, respectively, having substantially the same pitch, and inclined with respect to each other, such that a bias value between the first and second gratings is changed along a length direction of the first and second gratings, using a lithography process. A method may include emitting a beam to the first and second gratings; and obtaining trend information associated with a diffracted beam from an image pattern of a beam from the first and second gratings, using the emitted beam, in which the trend information may concern changes in the intensity of the diffracted beam according to the bias value. An overlay error in at least one grating may be determined based on the trend information and an intensity of a diffracted beam.

Abstract: A method may include forming a first grating and a second grating, disposed in a region of vertical overlap of the first and second gratings on different levels, respectively, having substantially the same pitch, and inclined with respect to each other, such that a bias value between the first and second gratings is changed along a length direction of the first and second gratings, using a lithography process. A method may include emitting a beam to the first and second gratings; and obtaining trend information associated with a diffracted beam from an image pattern of a beam from the first and second gratings, using the emitted beam, in which the trend information may concern changes in the intensity of the diffracted beam according to the bias value. An overlay error in at least one grating may be determined based on the trend information and an intensity of a diffracted beam.

Abstract: A method for measuring wafer alignment is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of first mark patterns extending in a first direction on a wafer, providing at least one second mark pattern on the first mark patterns such that it overlaps and intersects the first mark patterns, irradiating an optical signal onto the first mark patterns and the second mark pattern and obtaining coordinates of the second mark pattern by detecting signals from the second mark pattern.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method for transmitting a satellite state to a satellite receiver to determine use or non-use of a satellite signal in positioning estimation. A satellite navigation system includes at least one satellite, a satellite control center for controlling the at least one satellite, and a server. The server transmits satellite state information about the at least one satellite identified through the satellite control center to the satellite receiver. The satellite receiver restricts the use of the satellite signal for positioning estimation when the satellite state is identified as erroneous.

Abstract: A photomask, including a photomask substrate, a reflective layer on a front surface of a first region of the photomask substrate, the reflective layer being configured to reflect an EUV light, an absorbing pattern on the reflective layer, the absorbing pattern being configured to absorb the EUV light, and an opaque pattern directly on a front surface of a second region of the photomask substrate, the opaque pattern being configured to block a DUV light.

Abstract: A method of treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea or papulopustular rosacea in a subject comprises exposing the subject's skin in need thereof to narrow-band infrared radiation in an effective dose to treat erythematotelangiectatic rosacea or papulopustular rosacea and essentially not to cause photothermolysis of the skin.

Abstract: A photomask, including a photomask substrate, a reflective layer on a front surface of a first region of the photomask substrate, the reflective layer being configured to reflect an EUV light, an absorbing pattern on the reflective layer, the absorbing pattern being configured to absorb the EUV light, and an opaque pattern directly on a front surface of a second region of the photomask substrate, the opaque pattern being configured to block a DUV light.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for location estimation in a portable terminal are provided. An operation of the portable terminal includes, if a location estimation function is activated, determining whether a reference location corresponding to a cell IDentifier (ID) of a currently connected cell is prestored, determining a search frequency range of a Global Positioning System (GPS) signal using the stored reference location, and estimating a location of the portable terminal using the GPS signal detected in the search frequency range.

Abstract: A developing unit includes a developing unit body having a toner inlet and a developing roller mounted in the developing unit body. A toner feeding unit for feeding is provided to feed the toner from the toner inlet to the developing roller. A doctor blade is integrally formed with the developing unit body for controlling the thickness of the toner supplied to the developing roller.

Abstract: A method of aligning a wafer includes irradiating light onto a plurality of alignment marks of a wafer, detecting signals outputted from the alignment marks to obtain alignment position offsets, selecting a set of the alignment marks corresponding to the alignment position offsets having a same or similar distribution, and aligning the wafer based the selected alignment marks.

Abstract: An optical recording medium records information in a mechanism of generating new material, having reflectance different from that of others in information recording layer, when laser beam is projected thereonto. The optical recording medium includes a substrate, and a reflective layer positioned on the substrate to reflect an entering laser beam and having an information recording layer. The information recording layer includes a first information recording layer containing one or more elements selected from a group of Si, Ge, and Sb, and a second information recording layer containing one or more elements selected from a group of Si, Sb, Te, and Al. Data can be recorded in high density and the optical recording medium provides high recording stability and recording sensitivity.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for testing mechanical endurance of a surface of an optical disc is disclosed, which includes a rotating plate on which the optical disc is fixed to generate scratch thereon, and rotating the fixed optical disc; and a plurality of abrasion wheels disposed in perpendicular to the rotating plate, and being in contact with the surface of the optical disc, to generate the scratch on the surface of the optical disc, wherein, the scratches generate when the optical disc rotates a predetermined turn, e.g. below ten turns for applying a predetermined load generated from the abrasion wheel on the optical disc.