Abstract: A throttle opening detection apparatus can include a throttle pipe, a throttle sensor, a resisting force application unit, and a cancel switch. The throttle pipe is configured to partly project into a case fixed to a bar handle and is configured to support rotation at an end portion of the bar handle. The throttle sensor is configured to detect a rotating operation amount of a throttle grip, which is mounted against relative rotation on the throttle pipe, in response to the rotation of the throttle pipe. The throttle sensor is disposed at a fixed position in the case. The resisting force application unit is configured to apply a resisting force to the rotating operation of the throttle grip. The resisting force application unit is accommodated in the case. The cancel switch configured to cancel operation of an auto-cruise controlling apparatus. The cancel switch is accommodated in the case together with the throttle sensor and the resisting force application unit.

Abstract: The charge-discharge power demand is set to the charging power, when the state of charge of the battery is less than the reference value or when the state of charge of the battery is more than or equal to the reference value and less than the reference value while the vehicle power demand is less than reference value. The charge-discharge power demand is set to the discharging power, when the state of charge of the battery is more than or equal to the reference value or when the state of charge of the battery is more than or equal to the reference value and less than the reference value and while the vehicle power demand is more than or equal to the reference value. The charge-discharge power demand is set without change in value to the last set the charge-discharge power demand, when the state of charge of the battery is more than or equal to the reference value and less than the reference value while the vehicle power demand is more than or equal to the reference value and less than the reference value.

Abstract: A headrest control apparatus includes: a headrest moving mechanism that supports a headrest in such a manner that at least one of a rotation of the headrest about an axis of the headrest, which extends in the vehicle-height direction, and a movement of the headrest in the vehicle-width direction is permitted; a drive unit that causes at least one of the rotation and the movement of the headrest; and a control unit that controls the drive unit.

Abstract: When VOB recording has reached the vicinity of the end position P6 of a first layer recording area (43), a cell close instruction is issued to stop encode processing for forming the next VOB to be stored. At this moment, for forming the next VOB to be recorded, content data stored in a buffer memory (18A) is used to form a VOB having, for example, a shorter length than a normal VOB. The VOB is recorded in the end position of the first layer recording area. After this, a dummy cell, having dummy data is recorded in an unrecorded area (122) of the end portion of the first recording area.

Abstract: A process of the present invention for producing a hydrotreated gas oil has a step for obtaining a product oil having a total aromatic content of 3% by volume or less by hydrogenating a hydrotreated oil including 95% by volume or more of fraction having a boiling point range of 150-380° C., a sulfur content of 2-15 ppm by mass, a total aromatic content of 10-25% by volume, and a naphthene of 20-60% by volume in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst; and a step for obtaining, by hydrogenating the above-described product oil in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst containing a crystalline molecular sieve component, a product oil satisfying the conditions that the content of petroleum fraction having a boiling point range of lower than 150° C. is 16% by volume or less, and the sum of the total aromatic content and the total naphthene content is 80% or less relative to the sum of these in the hydrotreated oil.

Abstract: An exhaust throttle valve protected from disturbance due to stones scattered during operation of a vehicle. Front side exhaust pipes and rear side exhaust pipes are connected to a catalyst chamber disposed below a crankcase. The exhaust chamber and an exhaust chamber to the rear thereof are connected to each other via a rear exhaust pipe. The diameter of the rear exhaust pipe is smaller than the lateral width of each of the catalyst chamber and the exhaust chamber, so that a recessed space is externally formed so as to recede inside of the vehicle. An exhaust throttle valve is received in the space. The exhaust throttle valve is partially exposed to the outside of the rear exhaust pipe and a throttle valve is received in the rear exhaust pipe to throttle-control the passage-sectional area of the rear exhaust pipe according to the rotation of the engine.

Abstract: A muffler for efficiently reducing noise. Front side exhaust pipes and rear side exhaust pipes extend from front cylinders and rear cylinders, respectively, of a V-type water-cooled 4-cylinder engine and are operatively connected to a catalyst chamber disposed below a crankcase. The catalyst chamber is connected to an exhaust chamber located to the rear thereof in which exhaust gas is expanded. An outlet pipe laterally projects from a lateral surface of a rear end portion of the exhaust chamber and is connected to a front pipe projecting from the lateral surface of the front portion of a muffler. The front pipe is transversely inserted into the muffler to increase a cross-section ratio, thereby efficiently reducing noise.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a motorcycle includes a plurality of exhaust pipes connected respectively to exhaust ports of cylinders of a multi-cylinder engine; a manifold portion connected to the exhaust pipes; and a muffler connected to a downstream side of the manifold portion, the manifold portion being disposed below the engine, wherein the manifold portion is disposed sideways of an oil pan disposed below the engine so as to overlap the oil pan when seen in a side view of the motorcycle, and the exhaust pipes are connected to the manifold portion from a front side of the motorcycle.

Abstract: A headrest control apparatus includes: a headrest moving mechanism that supports a headrest in such a manner that at least one of a rotation of the headrest about an axis of the headrest, which extends in the vehicle-height direction, and a movement of the headrest in the vehicle-width direction is permitted; a drive unit that causes at least one of the rotation and the movement of the headrest; and a control unit that controls the drive unit.

Abstract: An alerting illumination device, which includes a detecting component, a danger degree estimating component, a danger assuming component, an illuminating component and a controlling component, is provided. The danger degree estimating component estimates a degree of danger, with respect to a subject vehicle, of the person detected by the detecting component. The danger assuming component, on the basis of the estimated degree of danger, assumes whether or not the person detected by the detecting component is a danger with respect to the subject vehicle. The illuminating component illuminates light. The controlling component, in a case in which the danger assuming component assumes that the person is a danger, controls the illuminating component such that light, which shows a direction of the person who is assumed to be a danger and a distance to the person, is illuminated onto a road surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides pulsed lasers which employ carbon nanotubes, particularly layers of carbon nanotubes, as saturable absorbers, mode lockers or for Q-switching elements. The present invention also provides methods and materials for mode-locking and Q-switching of lasers in which carbon nanotubes are employed as non-linear optical materials and/or saturable absorbers which facilitate mode-locking and/or Q-switching. The invention further provides mode locker and Q-switching elements or devices which comprise one or more layers containing carbon nanotubes which layer or layers function for mode locking and/or Q-switching.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of desulfurizing a heavy oil, which comprises diluting the heavy oil with a dilution medium to 90 percent by mass or less and cracking the diluted heavy oil at a cracking rate of 10 percent or less thereby prolonging the lifetime of a catalyst for desulfurizing a heavy oil.

Abstract: A process for producing a high-octane gasoline blending stock in high yield from hydrocarbons having 4 carbon atoms and/or hydrocarbons having 5 carbon atoms recovered as by-products from a catalytic cracking unit or a thermal cracking unit, characterized in that a hydrocarbon mixture containing 50 percent by weight or more of hydrocarbon having 4 carbon atoms and/or hydrocarbons having 5 carbon atoms is brought into contact with a zeolite catalyst so as to be reformed under such reaction conditions that the reformed fraction having 5 or more carbon atoms has: (1) a content of olefins having 5 or more carbon atoms of 5 to 90 percent by weight; (2) an aromatic content of 10 to 90 percent by weight; (3) a benzene content of the aromatics of 10 percent by mass or less; and (4) a content of aromatics having 8 carbon atoms of the aromatics of 30 percent by mass, and the reformed fraction having 5 or more carbon atoms has a research octane number of 95 or higher and is produced at a yield of 60 percent by mass or m

Abstract: An attachment method attaches a bracket to a vehicle, and attaches a radar to the bracket so that an axis of a directivity pattern of an antenna directs upward with respect to a horizontal direction. The antenna of the radar has an asymmetric vertical directivity pattern with respect to the axis of the directivity pattern.

Abstract: The gas oil fraction hydrotreatment process of the invention is characterized by using a hydrorefined petroleum-based hydrocarbon oil with a sulfur content of 5-15 ppm by mass, a total aromatic content of 10-25% by volume and a boiling point range of 150-380° C. as the feed oil and subjecting the feed oil to hydrotreatment in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to obtain an ultralow sulfur and low aromatic gas oil fraction having a sulfur content of not greater than 1 ppm by mass and a total aromatic content of not greater than 1% by volume. This hydrotreatment process allows production of a “zero sulfur” and “zero aromatic” gas oil fraction in an efficient and reliable manner without provision of special operating conditions or equipment investment.

Abstract: The gas oil fraction hydrotreatment process of the invention is characterized by using a gas oil fraction with a sulfur content of 0.8-2% by mass and a total aromatic content of 20-35% by volume as the feed oil and subjecting the feed oil to hydrotreatment in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst comprising at least one metal from among Group 6A metals and at least one metal from among Group 8 metals as active metals, and under reaction conditions with a reaction temperature of 330-390° C., a hydrogen partial pressure of 12-20 MPa and a liquid hourly space velocity of 0.1-1 h?1, to obtain an ultralow sulfur and low- aromatic gas oil fraction having a sulfur content of not greater than 1 ppm by mass and a total aromatic content of not greater than 1% by volume. This hydrotreatment process allows production of a “zero sulfur” and “zero aromatic” gas oil fraction in an efficient and reliable manner without provision of special operating conditions or equipment investment.

Abstract: The present invention provides pulsed lasers which employ carbon nanotubes, particularly layers of carbon nanotubes, as saturable absorbers, mode lockers or for Q-switching elements. The present invention also provides methods and materials for mode-locking and Q-switching of lasers in which carbon nanotubes are employed as non-linear optical materials and/or saturable absorbers which facilitate mode-locking and/or Q-switching. The invention further provides mode locker and Q-switching elements or devices which comprise one or more layers containing carbon nanotubes which layer or layers function for mode locking and/or Q-switching.

Abstract: Non-linear optical characteristics of a carbon nanotube are applied to an optical communication field. An optical transmission medium (12) obtained by incorporating a carbon nanotube having optically non-linear characteristics into a non-linear light transmitting medium is assembled between typical optical transmission medium (14a, 14b) and is used by being combined with an optical circulator (16), whereby the resultant product is used as an optical fuse (breaker) that transmits a normal signal light A but blocks the transmission of an abnormal-intensity light inadvertently produced.

Abstract: An optical component of the present invention is compensated its optical dispersion, including third order dispersion, at low loss using optical dispersion compensating element comprising multi-layer film. In the optical component, an optical dispersion compensating element and a functional element are connected in series along an optical path.

Abstract: A dehumidifying agent of coating film delamination type, characterized in that it comprises a package formed by using, at least partly, a sheet having a double layer structure, wherein a film unsusceptible to moisture permeation is arranged on the surface side and a moisture-permeable film is arranged on the inner side, and a deliquescent salt filled in the package, and it is subjected to use through delaminating the film unsusceptible to moisture permeation. The dehumidifying agent can be packaged with simplicity and ease and can be stored for a long period of time, and as a result, can be provided with improved economy.