Abstract: A method for braking force distribution control for a vehicle with a direct four wheel drive mode, which does not become an obstacle to an effective braking force and disconcert the driver's feeling. This method relates to a braking force distribution control for a vehicle during direct four wheel drive mode and under the condition that the anti-skid control is inhibited, which does not operate pressure reduction control or the amount of pressure reduction.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an apparatus, system and method for the security communication, wherein it is possible to determine the level of the security communication per user who performs the data transmission, it is easy to change the connection parameter for the security communication, and it is possible to determine automatically the level of the scurrility communication with the connected end.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a chamber which incorporates an optical element and surrounds a predetermined region, a closed vessel which surrounds the chamber, and a pump for reducing the internal pressure of the chamber. The pressure of the closed vessel is also reduced when the internal pressure of the chamber is reduced.

Abstract: A single-sided ring spinning frame having spinning positions including draft parts and winding parts on a front side of the machine frame, and rows of cans arranged on a rear side of the machine frame. Each can has a plurality of sliver accommodating areas to accommodate a plurality of rows of sliver coils therein. Sliver guides are arranged above the cans. Therefore, the number of the cans is less than the number of spinning positions, and the height of the cans is selected so that an operator can easily handle the sliver in the can. Also, a method for supplying slivers to a single-sided ring spinning frame, and a sliver transfer device used in the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a spark plug in which a space between a center electrode at the top end side and a terminal electrode at a rear end side which are arranged to be opposite to each other in an axial hole of an insulator, the glass seal is effected at a temperature within the range of 500 to 1000° C. and under a condition where the concentration of oxygen is 12 vol % or less.

Abstract: An optical fiber splice device in which an optical fiber can be connected to a branch line side thereof as the need arises such as in the case where new subscribers join after a multiple optical fiber is connected to a trunk line side thereof. The device includes a plurality of glass capillary tubes, a body equipped with the plurality of glass capillary tubes in a middle portion thereof and a cover glass covering and protecting at least the region where the plurality of glass capillary tubes are provided. The ends of optical fibers of the trunk and branch lines are inserted in the glass capillary tubes to be spliced therein. The optical fiber ends has the coatings thereof removed. The body includes a mount portion in the middle thereof where the plurality of capillary tubes are provided in parallel, and first and second fixing portions on both sides of the mount portion for guiding and fixing the optical fibers to the glass capillary tubes.

Abstract: In a method for setting appropriate initial-failure screening conditions when mass-producing semiconductor devices of multiple types, devices of each type being manufactured in a small number, the step of subjecting products of every type to an acceleration test is excluded, and instead, the failure ratio on the market of semiconductor devices of each type is estimated using a testing semiconductor device. Specifically, {circle around (1)} first, all types of semiconductor devices to be developed and mass-produced are classified into several groups. {circle around (2)} A test semiconductor device is developed which has the same number of elements, the same gate area, the same multi-layer wiring length and the same number of contact holes as the average number of elements, the average gate area, the average wiring length and the average number of contact holes of the semiconductor devices included in one of the type groups, respectively.

Abstract: In a spark plug, a resistor is placed between a terminal and a center electrode within a through hole of an insulator. The through hole of the insulator has a first portion which allows the center electrode to be inserted therethrough, and a second portion which is formed on a rear side of the first portion so as to be larger in diameter than the first portion and which accommodates the resistor therein, where the second portion is connected to the first portion via a connecting portion including a two- or more-stepped reduced-diameter portion. Then, an electrically conductive glass seal layer is placed at a position corresponding to the connecting portion between the resistor and the center electrode.

Abstract: A resistor spark plug includes an insulator having an axially extending through-hole. A center electrode is disposed within the through-hole of the insulator such that the center electrode projects from a tip end of the insulator. A terminal metal piece is disposed within the through-hole of the insulator such that the terminal metal piece projects from a tail end of the insulator. A conductive coupling layer is disposed within the through-hole and located between the center electrode and the terminal metal piece. The conductive coupling layer comprises a conductive glass seal layer formed on at least an end facing the terminal metal piece. A surface layer region of the terminal metal piece that comes into contact with the conductive glass seal layer is formed mainly of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Zn, Sn, Pb, Rh, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au, Sb, and Ag.

Abstract: A capacitor element having a terminal, an electric insulating material installed to cover the capacitor element, a wire connected to the terminal, and a reinforcing structure installed at the junction for connecting the terminal and the wire. In this constitution, the junction of the terminals and wires maintains mechanical strength and electrical insulation and is enhanced in reliability for a long period against mechanical stress or vibration to the capacitor from outside. Still more, invasion of moisture or dust into the capacitor can be prevented. As a result, the life of the excellent mechanical strength and electrical insulation is enhanced, and the capacitor having a stable reliability for a long time may be obtained.

Abstract: In a spark plug (100), the resistor composition constituting a resistor (15) contains semiconductive ceramic particles, offering a superior load life characteristic. Also, the value of (.alpha.2-.alpha.1)/.alpha.1 >=-0.30, where a value of electric resistance between a terminal (13) and a center electrode (3) is .alpha.1 at 20.degree. C. and .alpha.2 at 150.degree. C., so that deterioration of the radio frequency noise prevention performance at high temperatures can be effectively suppressed. The resistor composition contains semiconductive ceramic particles whose temperature coefficient of electric resistance shows a positive value, or a negative value of relatively small absolute value, (e.g., TiO.sub.2 particles having a rutile type crystalline structure, titanate or zirconate of alkali earth metal elements, titanium suboxide, etc.), or titanium metal.

Abstract: An exposure method including the steps of providing a wafer and a mask having a membrane and a pattern formed thereon, arranging the mask and the wafer opposite to each other, obtaining information corresponding to deformation of the membrane of the mask, reducing the influence of the deformation of the membrane, and transferring the pattern of the mask to the wafer by exposing the mask to radiant energy. Also disclosed is an exposure device for performing this exposure method.

Abstract: A data transfer system comprises a plurality of terminals; a plurality of high-speed data transfer units connected to the terminals through a network, each data transfer unit comprising a plurality of storage devices and a storage device group control device or unit for controlling readout of data from the storage devices, and dividing and storing data requested by the terminals; a virtual storage device group controlling device or unit for controlling readout of data from virtual storage device groups, each virtual storage device group being constructed by selecting a storage device from each high-speed data transfer unit; and an instruction conversion unit or device for receiving a data readout instruction on the basis of data requests output from the terminals, which instruction is given to the virtual storage device groups, from the virtual storage device group control unit or device, and converting the instruction into a data readout instruction to the storage devices from the storage device group contro

Abstract: In a spark plug in which a space between a center electrode at the top end side and a terminal electrode at a rear end side which are arranged to be opposite to each other in an axial hole of an insulator, the glass seal is effected at a temperature within the range of 500 to 1000.degree. C. and under a condition where the concentration of oxygen is 12 vol % or less.

Abstract: A memory control device having a plurality of data transfer paths including a storage device group comprising a plurality of storage devices for storing data and a buffer memory group comprising multiple buffer memories for storing transferred data, dividing files into multiple blocks for storing blocks in multiple storage devices on different data transfer paths, and executing control to read data from the storage device to be output with a request from a connected terminal to the buffer memory wherein storage devices on different paths create multiple virtual storage device groups, and buffer memories create virtual buffer memory groups. The memory control device comprises a data output control for executing control in a first cycle, the data being temporarily dividedly stored in a prescribed virtual storage device group.

Abstract: Regarding an independently driven type spindle in a spinning machine, when a yarn breakage is occurred in a spindle 10, a brake operating member 35 of the spindle 10 is moved toward a spindle shaft 13. During the movement of the brake operating member 35, control surfaces 49 of the brake operating member 35 cause the stop/restart switches 46 and 47 to be made OFF between the electric driving motor 20 and alternate current lines S and T, thereby causing the motor 20 to be rotated under its own momentum. Then, braking parts 34 of the brake operating member 35 is pressed to the outer peripheral surface of the spindle shaft 13, thereby executing a mechanical braking operation. After the withdrawal of an end of broken yarn, the brake operating member 35 is released, so that a force of the springs 41 causes the brake operating member 35 to be detached from the spindle shaft 13, thereby canceling the braking operation.

Abstract: In a data transfer system in which when a first to fourth terminals require reading data, the data are read out of a first to fourth storages to be stored in a first and second buffer memories while a first and second virtual groups of storages are alternately switched every constant cycle, and thereafter a first and second data sending units send the data stored in the first and second buffer memories to the terminals; on the other hand, when the first to fourth terminals require writing data, received data is divided in a way to distribute the process loads of data read and data write of the divided data equally into a first and second data transfer units. At the same time, the data are stored in the first and second buffer memories of the first and second data transfer units, and thereafter the data are written into the first to fourth storages while switching the first and second virtual groups of storages alternately.

Abstract: A packet recording/reproducing system is provided which records or reproduces packets on or from tracks formed in time sequence on a magnetic tape. In a recording operation, the packet recording/reproducing system adds to input packets time stamps whose values are synchronous with packet arrival time control clocks produced by the system. The timing with which the packets are recorded on the magnetic tape is controlled by the arrival time control clocks so that a given number of the packets inputted at high data rate are recorded within a one-track area, a two-track area, or a one-track over area defined across at least two of the tracks, thereby minimizing the loss of capacity of the magnetic tape.

Abstract: A substrate holding device includes a vacuum supplying device for supplying a vacuum to a holding surface to hold a substrate, a hollow member surrounding at least a portion of the holding surface and movable between a position in which the holding member protrudes from the holding surface and a position in which the hollow member does not protrude from the holding surface, and a moving mechanism for relatively moving between the hollow member and the holding surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the improvement in the degree of on-chip integration of memory cells utilizing a gate array layout. A plurality of three-transistor DRAM cells are disposed on a semiconductor chip implementing a regular cross-point array, each DRAM cell is made up of two nMOS transistors and one pMOS transistor formed in one basic cell. The semiconductor chip disposes therein nMOS memory-cell blocks and pMOS memory-cell blocks alternately, effectively utilizing the gate array layout.