Method of making window unit including diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating
A method of making a coated article (e.g., window unit), and corresponding coated article are provided. A layer of or including diamond-like carbon (DLC) is formed on a glass substrate. Then, a protective layer is formed on the substrate over the DLC inclusive layer. During heat treatment (HT), the protective layer prevents the DLC inclusive layer from significantly burning off. Thereafter, the resulting coated glass substrate may be used as desired, it having been HT and including the protective DLC inclusive layer.
Latest Guardian Industries Corp. Patents:
- System, methods, and apparatus for production coatings of low-emissivity glass
- Coated article with IR reflecting layer(s) and method of making same
- Capacitive touch panel with multi-layer electrode including a silver-inclusive transparent conducting layer(s)
- Projected capacitive touch panel with silver-inclusive transparent conducting layer(s), and/or method of making the same
- Coated article with low-E coating having absorbing layers for low film side reflectance and low visible transmission
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/091,589 filed Mar. 7, 2002 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,827,977), the entire content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in this application.
This invention relates to a method of making a coated article to be used in a window unit or any other suitable application. For example, in certain embodiments this invention relates to a method of making a window unit (e.g., vehicle window such as vehicle windshield, backlite, sunroof, or sidelite, or IG window unit) including a step of heat treating a glass substrate coated with at least a layer comprising diamond-like carbon (DLC).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONVehicle windows (e.g., windshields, backlites, sunroofs, and sidelites) are known in the art. For purposes of example, vehicle windshields typically include a pair of bent glass substrates laminated together via a polymer interlayer such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB). It is known that one of the two glass substrates may have a coating (e.g., low-E coating) thereon for solar control purposes such as reflecting IR and/or UV radiation, so that the vehicle interior can be more comfortable in certain weather conditions. Conventional vehicle windshields are made as follows. First and second flat glass substrates are provided, one of them optionally having a low-E coating sputtered thereon. The pair of glass substrates are washed and booked together (i.e., stacked on one another), and then while booked are heat bent together into the desired windshield shape at a high temperature(s) (e.g., 8 minutes at about 600-625 degrees C.). The two bent glass substrates are then laminated together via the polymer interlayer to form the vehicle windshield.
Insulating glass (IG) window units are also known in the art. Conventional IG window units include at least first and second glass substrates (one of which may have a solar control coating on an interior surface thereof) that are coupled to one another via at least one seal(s) or spacer(s). The resulting space or gap between the glass substrates may or may not be filled with gas and/or evacuated to a low pressure in different instances. However, many IG units are required to be tempered. Thermal tempering of the glass substrates for such IG units typically requires heating the glass substrates to temperature(s) of at least about 600 degrees C. for a sufficient period of time to enable thermal tempering.
Other types of coated articles also require heat treatment (HT) (e.g., tempering, heat bending, and/or heat strengthening) in certain applications. For example and without limitation, glass shower doors, glass table tops, and the like require HT in certain instances.
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is sometimes known for its scratch resistant properties. For example, different types of DLC are discussed in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,303,226; 6,303,225; 6,261,693; 6,338,901; 6,312,808; 6,280,834; 6,284,377; 6,335,086; 5,858,477; 5,635,245; 5,888,593; 5,135,808; 5,900,342; and 5,470,661, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
It would sometimes be desirable to provide a window unit with a protective coating including DLC in order to protect the window from scratches and the like. Unfortunately, DLC tends to burn off at temperatures of from approximately 380 to 400 degrees C., as the heat treatment is typically conducted in an atmosphere including oxygen. Thus, it will be appreciated that DLC as a protective overcoat cannot withstand the heat treatments (HT) at the extremely high temperatures described above which are often required in the manufacture of vehicle windows, IG window units, and/or the like.
Accordingly, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a need in the art exists for a method of providing heat treated (HT) windows with a protective coating (one or more layers) comprising DLC. A need for corresponding windows also exists.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAn object of this invention is to provide a method of making a coated article (e.g., window unit), including heat treatment (HT), wherein the coated article includes a coating (one or more layers) comprising diamond-like carbon (DLC).
Another object of certain example embodiments of this invention is to provide a method of making a coated article by (a) coating a glass substrate with a layer comprising DLC, then (b) forming a protective layer on the glass substrate over the DLC, and (c) heat treating the coated article with the DLC and the protective layer thereon with the protective layer preventing the DLC from burning off (in part or entirely) during the heat treatment. The resulting coated article may be used in the context of, for example and without limitation, vehicle windows, architectural windows, insulating glass (IG) window units, shower doors, glass table tops, and/or the like.
Another object of certain example embodiments of this invention is to provide a coated article (e.g., window unit) made in accordance with the above technique.
Another object of certain example embodiments of this invention is to fulfill one or more of the above-listed objects and/or needs.
In certain example embodiments of this invention, one or more of the above-listed objects and/or needs is/are fulfilled by providing a method of making an insulating glass (IG) window unit, the method comprising: providing a glass substrate; forming a layer comprising diamond-like carbon (DLC) on the glass substrate; forming a protective layer on the glass substrate over the layer comprising DLC; heat treating the glass substrate with the layer comprising DLC and the protective layer thereon so that during the heat treating the protective layer prevents significant burnoff of the layer comprising DLC, wherein the heat treating comprises heating the glass substrate to temperature(s) sufficient for thermal tempering; and after the heat treating, coupling the glass substrate with at least the layer comprising DLC thereon to another substrate in making the IG window unit.
In certain other example embodiments of this invention, one or more of the above-listed objects and/or needs is/are fulfilled by providing a method of making a vehicle windshield, the method comprising: providing a glass substrate; forming a layer comprising diamond-like carbon (DLC) on the glass substrate; forming a protective layer on the glass substrate over the layer comprising DLC; heat treating the glass substrate with the layer comprising DLC and the protective layer thereon, wherein the heat treating comprises heating the glass substrate to temperature(s) sufficient for bending the glass substrate; and after the heat treating, laminating the glass substrate with at least the layer comprising DLC thereon to another substrate via at least a polymer inclusive interlayer in making the vehicle windshield.
In still further example embodiments of this invention, one or more of the above-listed objects and/or needs may be fulfilled by providing method of making a coated article, the method comprising: providing a glass substrate; forming a layer comprising diamond-like carbon (DLC) on the glass substrate; forming a protective layer on the glass substrate over the layer comprising DLC; heat treating the glass substrate with the layer comprising DLC and the protective layer thereon, and wherein the heat treating comprises heating the glass substrate using at least temperature(s) of at least 580 degrees C. for at least one of bending and thermally tempering the glass substrate.
In yet other example embodiments of this invention, one or more of the above-listed objects and/or needs may be fulfilled by providing a coated article comprising: a glass substrate that is thermally tempered and/or bent; a layer comprising diamond-like carbon (DLC) supported by the glass substrate; and a protective layer comprising a carbide provided on the glass substrate over the layer comprising DLC. In certain example instances, the carbide may comprise at least one of: boron carbide, titanium carbide, hafnium carbide, titanium hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide, and zirconium carbide.
Referring now more particularly to the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals indicate like parts throughout the several views.
Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to methods of making coated articles that require heat treatment (HT), so as to include a protective coating (one or more layers) including diamond-like carbon (DLC). In certain instances, the HT may require heating a supporting glass substrate, with the DLC thereon, to temperature(s) of from 550 to 800 degrees C., more preferably from 580 to 800 degrees C. (which is well above the burn-off temperature of DLC). In particular, certain example embodiments of this invention relate to a technique for enabling the DLC to withstand such HT without significantly burning off during the same. In certain embodiments, a protective layer is formed on the glass substrate over the DLC so as to reduce the likelihood of the DLC burning off during HT. Thus, much if not all of the DLC remains on the glass substrate, and does not burn off, during the HT. Following HT, the protective layer may or may not be removed (e.g., via etching or any other suitable technique) in different embodiments of this invention.
Still referring to
The IG window unit of
DLC inclusive layer 11 may be from about 5 to 1,000 angstroms (Å) thick in certain example embodiments of this invention, more preferably from 10-300 Å thick. In certain example embodiments of this invention, layer 11 including DLC may have an average hardness of at least about 10 GPa, more preferably at least about 20 GPa, and most preferably from about 20-90 GPa. Such hardness renders layer (s) 11 resistant to scratching, certain solvents, and/or the like. Layer 11 may, in certain example embodiments, be of or include a special type of DLC known as highly tetrahedral amorphous carbon (t-aC), and may be hydrogenated (t-aC:H) in certain embodiments. This type of DLC includes more sp3 carbon-carbon (C—C) bonds than sp2 carbon-carbon (C—C) bonds. In certain example embodiments, at least about 50% of the carbon-carbon bonds in the layer 11 may be sp3 carbon-carbon (C—C) bonds, more preferably at least about 60% of the carbon-carbon bonds in the layer 11 may be sp3 carbon-carbon (C—C) bonds, and most preferably at least about 70% of the carbon-carbon bonds in the layer 11 may be sp3 carbon-carbon (C—C) bonds. In certain example embodiments of this invention, the DLC may have a density of at least about 2.4 gm/cm3, more preferably of at least about 2.7 gm/cm3. Example linear ion beam sources that may be used to deposit DLC inclusive layer 11 on substrate 1 include any of those in any of U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,693, 6,002,208, 6,335,086, or 6,303,225 (all incorporated herein by reference). When using an ion beam source to deposit layer(s) 11, hydrocarbon feedstock gas(es) (e.g., C2H2), HMDSO, or any other suitable gas, may be used in the ion beam source in order to cause the source to emit an ion beam toward substrate 1 for forming layer(s) 11. It is noted that the hardness and/or density of layer(s) 11 may be adjusted by varying the ion energy of the depositing apparatus.
Coating 11 enables the IG unit of
In certain example embodiments of this invention, the IG window unit of
Referring to
Initially, glass substrate 1 is provided. Optionally, one or both surfaces of the glass substrate 1 may be ion beam milled to remove at least 2 Å of glass thickness therefrom. Optionally, a multi-layer solar control coating 9 may be deposited (e.g., via sputtering) on one side of the substrate 1. As shown in
Then, as shown in
When protective layer 17 includes a carbide, it may be formed in one of many different ways. For example and without limitation, carbide layers 17 herein may be formed by depositing a carbide directly on the DLC inclusive layer 11. Alternatively, carbide layers 17 may be formed by depositing the metal (e.g, B, Ti, Hf, Ta, and/or Zr) via sputtering directly onto DLC inclusive layer 11 and then heating the same to form the carbide. The heating used in forming the carbide may be part of the heat treating for tempering, bending, or the like (i.e., during the ramp-up phase of HT when the temperature of the coated substrate is rising to tempering/bending levels); or alternatively the heating used to form the carbide may be a separate and distinct HT performed prior to the HT for tempering or the like. Thus, protective layer 17 may be formed before and/or during the HT for tempering or the like in different embodiments of this invention. The carbides may also be formed by any other suitable technique. Other suitable materials may also be used for layer 17 in different embodiments of this invention. In certain embodiments of this invention, protective layer 17 may be from about 5 to 500 Å thick, more preferably from about 5 to 100 Å thick, even more preferably from about 5 to 50 Å thick, and most preferably from about 5 to 20 Å thick. Layer 17 is preferably continuous, but need not be.
As shown in
In certain embodiments, following the HT, the protective layer 17 may be removed (e.g., via known etching techniques and/or via ion beam milling using an ion beam source using a gas such as Ar) as shown in
The scratch resistant heat treated glass substrate 1 (e.g., tempered and/or bent), with DLC inclusive layer 11 and optionally layer(s) 9 and/or 17 thereon, in accordance with the
As can be seen from the above, the instant inventions enables DLC to withstand HT, thereby enabling it to be used in HT applications where it previously could not be used.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A method of making a coated article, the method comprising:
- providing a glass substrate,
- forming a layer comprising diamond-like carbon (DLC) on the glass substrate,
- forming a layer comprising zirconium on the glass substrate over the layer comprising DLC,
- forming a solar control multi-layer coating including at least one layer comprising silver (Ag) and/or nickel chrome (NiCr) and at least one dielectric layer onto a surface of the glass substrate, the layer comprising Ag and/or NiCr being located between at least the glass substrate and the dielectric layer, so that the solar control multi-layer coating and the layer comprising DLC are formed on opposite sides of the glass substrate,
- heat treating the glass substrate with each of the solar control multi-layer coating, the layer comprising DLC and the layer comprising zirconium thereon at least at a time when the heat treating begins, and
- wherein the heat treating comprises heating the glass substrate using at least temperature(s) of at least 580 degrees C., in an atmosphere including oxygen, for a time period sufficient for bending and/or thermally tempering the glass substrate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising DLC is formed on the glass substrate via an ion beam, and wherein carbon atoms thereof are subimplanted into the glass substrate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising zirconium is at least partially formed on the glass substrate via sputtering.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the coated article comprises either a vehicle window or an insulating glass (IG) window unit.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising DLC comprises amorphous DLC and has more sp3 carbon-carbon bonds than sp2 carbon-carbon bonds.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising DLC has an average hardness of at least 10 GPa.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising zirconium comprises a carbide of Zr.
8. A method of making a coated article, the method comprising:
- providing a glass substrate,
- forming each of a layer comprising diamond-like carbon (DLC) and a layer comprising zirconium on one side of the glass substrate,
- forming a solar control multi-layer coating including at least one layer comprising silver (Ag) and/or nickel chrome (NiCr), and at least one dielectric layer, onto another side of the glass substrate, the layer comprising Ag and/or NiCr being located between at least the glass substrate and the dielectric layer, so that the solar control multi-layer coating and the layer comprising DLC are formed on opposite sides of the glass substrate,
- heat treating the glass substrate with each of the solar control multi-layer coating, the layer comprising DLC and the layer comprising zirconium thereon at least at a time when the heat treating begins, and
- wherein the heat treating comprises heating the glass substrate using at least temperature(s) of at least 580 degrees C., in an atmosphere including oxygen, for a time period sufficient for bending and/or thermally tempering the glass substrate.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the layer comprising DLC is formed via an ion beam.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the layer comprising zirconium is at least partially formed on the glass substrate via sputtering.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the coated article comprises either a vehicle window or an insulating glass (IG) window unit.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the layer comprising DLC comprises amorphous DLC and has more sp3 carbon-carbon bonds than sp2 carbon-carbon bonds.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the layer comprising DLC has an average hardness of at least 10 GPa.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein the layer comprising zirconium comprises a carbide of Zr.
15. A method of making a coated article, the method comprising:
- heat treating a glass substrate having (i) a layer comprising diamond-like carbon (DLC) on a first side thereof and a layer comprising zirconium on the glass substrate over the layer comprising DLC, and (ii) a solar control multi-layer coating including at least one layer comprising silver (Ag) and/or nickel chrome (NiCr) and at least one dielectric layer on a second side of the glass substrate, the layer comprising Ag and/or NiCr being located between at least the glass substrate and the dielectric layer, so that the solar control multi-layer coating and the layer comprising DLC are on opposite sides of the glass substrate, wherein said heat treating of the glass substrate is performed with each of the solar control multi-layer coating, the layer comprising DLC and the layer comprising zirconium on the glass substrate at least at a time when the heat treating begins, and
- wherein the heat treating comprises heating the glass substrate using at least temperature(s) of at least 580 degrees C., in an atmosphere including oxygen, for a time period sufficient for bending and/or thermally tempering the glass substrate.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein carbon atoms of the layer comprising DLC are subimplanted into the glass substrate, wherein the layer comprising DLC is deposited via an ion beam directly onto and contacting the glass substrate and subimplantation occurs during the ion beam deposition of the layer comprising DLC.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the layer comprising zirconium is at least partially formed on the glass substrate via sputtering.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the layer comprising DLC comprises amorphous DLC and has more sp3 carbon-carbon bonds than sp2 carbon-carbon bonds.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein the layer comprising DLC has an average hardness of at least 10 GPa.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising zirconium comprises a carbide of Zr.
21. A method of making a coated article, the method comprising:
- heat treating a glass substrate having (i) a layer comprising diamond-like carbon (DLC) and a layer comprising zirconium on one side of the glass substrate, the layer comprising DLC being located between at least the glass substrate and the layer comprising zirconium, and (ii) a solar control multi-layer coating including at least one layer comprising silver (Ag) and/or nickel chrome (NiCr), and at least one dielectric layer, on another side of the glass substrate, the layer comprising Ag and/or NiCr being located between at least the glass substrate and the dielectric layer, so that the solar control multi-layer coating and the layer comprising DLC are on opposite sides of the glass substrate, wherein said heat treating of the glass substrate is performed with each of the solar control multi-layer coating, the layer comprising DLC and the layer comprising zirconium on the glass substrate at least at a time when the heat treating begins, and
- wherein the heat treating comprises heating the glass substrate using at least temperature(s) of at least 580 degrees C., in an atmosphere including oxygen, for a time period sufficient for bending and/or thermally tempering the glass substrate.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the layer comprising DLC is includes at least a portion thereof subimplanted into the glass substrate, wherein the layer comprising DLC is deposited via an ion beam directly onto and contacting the glass substrate and subimplantation occurs during the ion beam deposition of the layer comprising DLC.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein the layer comprising zirconium is at least partially formed on the glass substrate, directly or indirectly, via sputtering.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein the layer comprising DLC comprises amorphous DLC and has more sp3 carbon-carbon bonds than sp2 carbon-carbon bonds.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein the layer comprising DLC has an average hardness of at least 10 GPa.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein the layer comprising zirconium comprises a carbide of Zr.
4898790 | February 6, 1990 | Finley |
4919778 | April 24, 1990 | Dietrich et al. |
5135808 | August 4, 1992 | Kimock et al. |
5470661 | November 28, 1995 | Bailey et al. |
5514476 | May 7, 1996 | Hartig et al. |
5557462 | September 17, 1996 | Hartig et al. |
5635245 | June 3, 1997 | Kimock et al. |
5688585 | November 18, 1997 | Lingle et al. |
5858477 | January 12, 1999 | Veerasamy et al. |
5888593 | March 30, 1999 | Petrmichl et al. |
5900342 | May 4, 1999 | Visser et al. |
5965246 | October 12, 1999 | Guiselin et al. |
6133119 | October 17, 2000 | Yamazaki |
6261672 | July 17, 2001 | de Paoli |
6261693 | July 17, 2001 | Veerasamy |
6277480 | August 21, 2001 | Veerasamy et al. |
6280834 | August 28, 2001 | Veerasamy et al. |
6280847 | August 28, 2001 | Corkhill et al. |
6284377 | September 4, 2001 | Veerasamy |
6303225 | October 16, 2001 | Veerasamy |
6303226 | October 16, 2001 | Veerasamy |
6312808 | November 6, 2001 | Veerasamy et al. |
6335086 | January 1, 2002 | Veerasamy |
6338901 | January 15, 2002 | Veerasamy |
6395333 | May 28, 2002 | Veerasamy |
6451434 | September 17, 2002 | Ebisawa et al. |
6475573 | November 5, 2002 | Veerasamy et al. |
6491987 | December 10, 2002 | Veerasamy |
6602371 | August 5, 2003 | Veerasamy |
6663753 | December 16, 2003 | Veerasamy et al. |
6740211 | May 25, 2004 | Thomsen et al. |
6764579 | July 20, 2004 | Veerasamy et al. |
6808606 | October 26, 2004 | Thomsen et al. |
6827977 | December 7, 2004 | Veerasamy |
6878404 | April 12, 2005 | Veerasamy et al. |
7060322 | June 13, 2006 | Veerasamy |
7067175 | June 27, 2006 | Veerasamy |
7150849 | December 19, 2006 | Veerasamy |
7229533 | June 12, 2007 | Veerasamy |
7449218 | November 11, 2008 | Veerasamy |
7501148 | March 10, 2009 | Veerasamy |
7507442 | March 24, 2009 | Veerasamy |
7537801 | May 26, 2009 | Veerasamy et al. |
20030064198 | April 3, 2003 | Thomsen et al. |
20030113551 | June 19, 2003 | Thomsen et al. |
20070188871 | August 16, 2007 | Fleury et al. |
20070254164 | November 1, 2007 | Veerasamy et al. |
20080020211 | January 24, 2008 | Petrmichl et al. |
20090142603 | June 4, 2009 | Veerasamy |
0 605 814 | July 1994 | EP |
07239444 | July 1996 | EP |
WO 00/66506 | November 2000 | WO |
WO 02/38515 | May 2002 | WO |
- “Highly tetrahedral, diamond-like amorphous hydrogenated carbon prepared from a plasma beam source”, Weiler et al., May 23, 1994, No. 21, pp. 2797-2799, Amer.Phys.Inst., Appl.Phys.Let., vol. 54.
- “Optical and Electronic Properties of Amorphous Diamond”, Veerasamy et al., 1993, pp. 782-787, Diamond and Related Materials, vol. 2, No. 5/7, Apr. 1993.
- Properties of Ion Beam Deposited Tetrahedral Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon Films, Ronning et al., pp. 335-340, Mat.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc., vol. 593, 2000.
- “Preparation and Properties of Highly Tetrahedral Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon”, Weiler et al., Jan. 15, 1996, XP-000992913, pp. 1594-1608, Amer.Phys.Soc., Phys.Review B, vol. 53, No. 3.
Type: Grant
Filed: Jul 15, 2004
Date of Patent: Nov 24, 2009
Patent Publication Number: 20040258926
Assignee: Guardian Industries Corp. (Auburn Hills, MI)
Inventor: Vijayen S. Veerasamy (Farmington Hills, MI)
Primary Examiner: Marianne L Padgett
Attorney: Nixon & Vanderhye P.C.
Application Number: 10/891,187
International Classification: C23C 14/34 (20060101); C23C 14/48 (20060101); C23C 14/58 (20060101); C23C 14/16 (20060101);