Abstract: A uniquely designed sled and a method for its use in distributing roof netting on a building during construction and prior to installation of the roof itself. The sled is brought to the roof level so that it straddles the secondary roof members of the building under construction, and is then loaded with a roll of roof netting. A rope attached to the front of the sled allows it to be pulled across (perpendicular to) the roof support members as the netting is unrolled and deployed through a distribution box. The rails of the sled are long enough to stretch across at least two (2) secondary roof members at a time in order to prevent the sled from falling through as it slides across them. A specially designed mounting platform and distribution box with a top door are provided in the sled to efficiently dispense the netting onto and over the secondary roof members.

Abstract: An impact resistant window including a frame holding a glass composite structure including first and second glass sheets secured to each other with a middle plastic layer. In a first embodiment, the first glass sheet has a larger perimetrical dimension than the second glass sheet and the second glass sheet is centered on the first sheet to define a peripheral mounting portion. A resilient sealant material fills a space between the peripheral mounting portion of the first glass sheet and the frame structure. In the second embodiment, the two glass sheets may be the same size, but the middle plastic layer extends outwardly from the perimeters of the glass sheets. This extension of the middle plastic layer is used to mechanically connect the laminated pane to a frame.

Abstract: A device is used in a machine for packaging articles in a wraparound carrier. The carrier is formed from a blank having a pair of foldable flaps struck therefrom. The packaging machine is arranged to advance the blank and articles associated therewith along a predetermined path. The device is positioned along the path to fold the flaps inwardly of the blank. The device includes a rotational disc defining an axis of rotation, a fixed cam plate disposed adjacent to the rotational disc and having an endless cam track disposed around the axis, drive means for rotating the rotational disc about the axis in synchronization with movement of the blank and the articles, a pair of blank-engaging fingers carried by the rotational disc for pivotal movement about respective pins so as to engage the flaps, and an actuating mechanism carried by the rotational disc to pivotally move the fingers away from each other and toward each other.

Abstract: A redundant automated cushioning producing and dispensing system includes a plurality of spaced cushioning conversion machines which convert stock paper into pads of a selected length, each cushioning conversion machine including a controller for controlling operation of the machine and communicating with another machine, a pad dispenser, and a sensor for determining when the amount of stock paper is less than a predetermined amount, a conveyor extending between the plurality of cushioning conversion machines for conveying a container into which a pad is to be dispensed, and at least one container sensor for providing information to at least one controller from which the controller can determine whether a pad has been dispensed into a container whereby the controllers cooperate to selectively switch operation of the cushioning conversion machine from an active state to an inactive state in accordance with information received from the stock supply sensors.

Abstract: A hopper assembly for feeding literature to a literature dispenser. The literature dispenser and a label dispenser are positioned on opposite sides of a conveyor on which products being furnished with literature and labels are transported. The hopper assembly includes a chute which is designed to have an upstream chute portion adjacent the conveyor. The upstream chute portion is positioned within the reach of an operator who is stationed on the same side of the conveyer as the label dispenser, and a single operator can load both the hopper assembly and the label dispenser without moving from one side of the conveyor to the other. The hopper assembly also includes a literature escapement having a plurality of retaining members mounted on a pair of support elements. The retaining members engage a forward facing surface of a piece of literature and are arranged in spaced relationship to provide an opening through which the piece of literature is removable from the hopper assembly in the forward direction.

Abstract: An improved ledge support assembly for a filling machine for filling containers is provided. The ledge support assembly supports and retains the containers in the machine during movement through the machine. The ledge support assembly includes a pocket support portion for holding the neck portion of a bottle and a back support portion for supporting the container body portion of a bottle in a single position during rotation. A locking mechanism is provided on the pocket support and a second locking mechanism is provided on the back support for releasably attaching each of the pocket support and the back support to the ledge support assembly.

Abstract: In a packaging line adapted to feed articles into a packer and including lane guides defining lanes for columns of articles fed under line pressure to the packer, the lane guides are provided with an offset portion adapted to create a back pressure for reducing the line pressure at the packer. The offset portion provides sufficient resistance to the flow of articles so that the articles entering the packer are more readily accommodated, particularly articles of the type which are compressed by excessive line pressures and tend to upset the operation of the packer as a result of excessive or varying line pressure. The reduced line pressure permits operation of standard packing equipment for the handling of relatively soft and compressable cylindrical plastic bottles.

Abstract: The machine comprises rotating elements associated with a rotating shaft and adapted to guide the bottles, keeping them mutually spaced, along a first circular-arc path; a plurality of pneumatic heads which are also associated with the rotating shaft and follow the bottles along the circular-arc path, moving from a position for picking up individual disks from a corresponding stack contained in a disk magazine located to the side of the rotating elements, to a position for depositing the disks on individual and corresponding bottles which are fed continuously by a conveyor belt; and a pair of fixed slotted cams interacting with the pneumatic heads to keep each head temporarily stationary above the stack of disks in order to pick up each one of the disks by suction and to make the heads follow each bottle along the corresponding path in order to pneumatically deposit the disk on the bottle.

Abstract: A sticky element, comprising a sticky element having an insect-attracting color and an insect-attracting scent, the sticky element comprising sufficient sticky qualities to cause an insect to become permanently attached to the sticky element when any portion of the insect contacts with the sticky element, the sticky element adaptable to being disposed upon a surface. The surface may comprise a wrapping material, a flower pot cover, a flower pot, a floral arrangement, or other surface. When the sticky element is disposed on a wrapping material, the wrapping material is used to wrap a floral arrangement or decoratively cover a flower pot.

Abstract: A method of producing an aseptic package that is filled with content prior to precutting a weak-spot in a layer of the package. The insertion of content into the aseptic package prior to performing the precutting operation reduces the risk of contamination from cleansing agents.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preserving solder paste which comprises housing solder paste in a vessel which is substantially free from oxygen and moisture and is imparted with gas barrier properties. The process is preferably carried out by housing the solder paste together with an oxygen absorbent not requiring moisture for absorbing oxygen (e.g. unsaturated fatty acid compound and chain hydrocarbon polymer having unsaturated groups) and optionally a dehumidifying agent and/or an acidic gas absorbent in the above vessel and subsequently hermetically sealing said vessel. The process makes it possible to prevent the deterioration of the solder paste such as viscosity change of the solder and the formation of solder balls which affect the printability and solder reflowability, to preserve the solder paste at room temperature and to remarkably prolong its service term.

Abstract: The process relates to the fitting of a bottom of a package formed from a tubular body (1) of non-round section. The open end of the body (1) is inserted between two fixed opposed jaws (M1, M2). Since the distance between the jaws (M1, M2) is less than the distance between the clamped portions (2, 3), the portions (4, 5) which are not clamped deform. Thus, when fitting the bottom, the air escapes and by applying a clamping force to the side walls of the package (1), some of the air still in the body (1) is evacuated before sealing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed where stand-up pouches are partially flattened and arranged in an overlapping row where they are picked-up by a thin cantilevered vacuum pick-up head and placed into the open side of a tilted carton with the sequence being repeated until the carton is filled.

Abstract: A device for welding bags in a heat-sealable plastic material comprising two transverse welding parts (18, 18) carried by respective mobile support elements (20, 20) and means for driving the motion of said support elements, comprising at least, for each of said welding elements (18,18), a rotation drive shaft (26), a train-holder element (28) connected integrally to said drive shaft (26) to rotate together with the latter, a fixed cogged sun wheel (30) integral with the support structure (17), a first cogged planet wheel (32) integral with said element for supporting the welding part (20) and connected freely rotatingly around its own axis to said train-holder element (28) and driven to rotate by the latter, and a second intermediate cogged planet wheel (34) attached to said train-holder element (28) freely rotatingly around its own axis and driven to rotate by the latter.

Abstract: System and method for packing loose fill materials in bags to form cushions for use in protecting articles in shipping cartons. The bags are produced from a length of flexible plastic tubing which is gathered or bunched to form a coil which is disposed about the outlet of a loose fill dispenser. A section of the tubing is pulled from the coil, and its lower end is closed to form a bag which is then filled with loose fill material dispensed through the outlet. Another section of tubing is then pulled from the coil, and the tubing is drawn together to close the upper end of the first section and the lower end of the second section. The closed ends are secured with tape, and the tubing is severed to separate the first section from the second. The cushions thus formed are placed in the shipping cartons with the articles, and in some embodiments are compressed and reexpanded in conformance with the contour of the articles.

Abstract: Device to control the feeding of the strap in a strapping machine, comprising at least one fast driving wheel (4) and one slow driving wheel (2) which are mounted on fixed axes, the strap (R) being guided on the periphery of both driving wheels, and wherein pressure elements (5 and 14) are provided to press the strap (R) against the periphery of one and/or the other of the driving wheels, so as to ensure feeding thereof. The pressure elements are mounted on an oscillating sector (8) which is operated in response to tensioning of the strap.

Abstract: A self-propelled windrower is provided with a platform including a reel which sweeps crop to be cut over a sickle cutterbar and into the nip of a pair of counter-rotating center-feed augers that, in turn, deliver the crop to the nip of a pair of counter-rotating conditioner rolls; and these driven components may be reversed to disgorge slugs of crop. The reversible drive includes a hydraulic pump carried by the traction unit and coupled to a motor carried by the platform. The hydraulic motor on the platform is coupled to power a main gear box which distributes power to the driven components of the platform. Operation of the pump is electro-hydraulically controlled with a single switch being operable to effect forward operation of the platform drive train, and with a second switch being designed to be moved and held in place to effect and maintain the drive train in reverse.

Abstract: In a transmission (10) comprising a casing (12), a vertical input shaft (13) having an upper end which extends upwardly of the casing and carries an input pulley (14), and a horizontal wheel axle (18) for driving a pair of mower-drive wheels (3), the input shaft intersects the wheel axle at a location in close proximity to the axle and is supported by top and bottom walls (12a, 12b) of the casing. The vertical shaft and horizontal axle are connected by a hypoid gearing (26) having a hypoid pinion (27) mounted on the shaft and a larger hypoid gear (29) mounted on the axle. The transmission has a compact configuration while the input shaft is supported in a stable manner and while the transmission efficiency between the shaft and axle is kept high. Preferably, the larger hypoid gear is rotatably mounted on the axle and a frictional clutch (32) is disposed between the gear and axle.

Abstract: A ground grooming machine including a mobile frame supporting a central elongate air flow assembly producing a downwardly directed pressurized flow of air within confining arcuate baffles. A brush assembly with two elongate floating brushes mount on the frame forward of the air flow assembly, and a single floating brush mounts on the frame in following relation to the air flow assembly.

Abstract: A disc mower conditioner utilizing a modular disc cutterbar to sever standing crop material by impact action supports the cutterbar from the header of the mower conditioner by a pair of transversely spaced support arms mounted by spherical bushings to the header to allow flexing of the support arms as induced by the cutterbar. The mounting of the spherical bushings utilize conical washers engagable with conical sockets in spacers to limit vertical movement of the spacer relative to the header when the corresponding support arm flexes. The mower conditioner header further includes an optional viney crop guide that has a curved leading edge that directs viney crop downwardly into engagement with the adjacent disc cutter. The viney crop guide is also bent inwardly to contain and control the flow of crop material.

Abstract: A mower clipping collection system for a riding mower comprises a collector housing having an interior collection chamber and having an interior cylindrical wall forming a cylindrical separation chamber positioned above and in communication with the collection chamber. A clipping transfer conduit extends from the mower deck and is mounted tangentially with respect to the cylindrical wall of the collector housing such that mower clippings, entrained in a stream of air exiting the mower, are blown tangentially into the separation chamber through an opening in the cylindrical wall. The collector housing includes a floor which slopes downward to a clipping dump opening extending across a rear side of the housing. A door is pivotally mounted to the collector housing across the clipping dump opening and moveable in and out of covering relationship therewith by a door operating assembly engageable by an operator while seated on the mower.

Abstract: A power-driven hedge trimmer includes an engine housing (10) which is attached to a base (11) having a cutting tool (12) and a front handle (13) at one end and a rear handle (14) including a gas control (17) at its other end. The rear handle is rotatable relative to the base to enable adjustment to different operating positions. The axis of rotation of the rear handle is inclined at an angle of about 25.degree. relative to the longitudinal axis of the cutting tool (12). The rear handle can be latched in three predetermined operating positions by a latch device (19, 21, 22, 24). The gas control is connected to a rotatable pawl (19) cooperating with the latch device in order to prevent releasing thereof during actuation of the gas control and to prevent actuation of the gas control during adjustment of the rear handle.

Abstract: A device for stopping a spindle of a textile machine driven by a drive belt has a roller for removing the drive belt from contact with the spindle whorl of the spindle. The roller is movable from a rest position, in which the roller is disengaged from the drive belt, into an engaged position in which the roller engages the drive belt and moves the drive belt away from the spindle whorl. A brake device for braking the spindle whorl is provided. A support member on which the roller rests in its rest position so as to be vibration-dampened is connected to the support of the textile machine.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for spinning-in yarn on an open end spinning machine following a yarn rupture, wherein the machine includes a plurality of operating units which wind yarn on respective bobbins and an attending device movable along the operating units to the unit at which a rupture occurred. Upon a yarn rupture, the winding of the bobbin is halted, and the bobbin is permitted to be unwound a metered length. A detecting nozzle detects the yarn end and sucks in the yarn end and moves away from the bobbin. A catching arm supports the yarn. A tension roller receives the yarn on it. The tension roller is located on a spinning head which is swingable from a position toward the bobbin to a position toward the rotor and the head is then movable to move the yarn on the roller toward the rotor. A clamp on the spinning head clamps the yarn and a trimmer trims the yarn to form the yarn end. An ancillary compensator at the spinning head deflects the yarn to compensate and then releases the yarn.

Abstract: A metal sheath for surrounding a cable core consists of at least one shell part which is formed from a spring-hard steel strip. The shell part is formed by a method of bending a spring-hard steel strip into a shell having a transverse cross-section of at least a semi-circle so that after release, the shell springs back to the desired diameter for receiving the cable core.

Abstract: In the case of an open-end spinning machine, a suction roller is provided which serves to transport a fiber veil, expanding transversely to the circumferential direction of the suction roller, to a yarn formation line. The length of the transport path and the width of the fiber veil are determined by defining edges of a suction insert located inside the suction roller. At least one of the defining edges extends at least along a section of the transport path at an acute angle to the circumferential direction. Thus the fiber veil is widened in comparison to the sliver-shaped fed fiber material and/or the fiber tip at the beginning of the yarn formation line is shortened.

Abstract: An adaptor in the form of an exchangeable extension adapted to the dimensions of an open end spinning rotor and in use is detachably connected with a spinning rotor cover. The adaptor comprises the first part of a yarn withdrawal channel as well as the end area of a fiber feed channel. The end area of the fiber feed channel continues the connecting part of the fiber feed channel located outside of the adaptor with a partioning joint. The transition from the connecting piece to the end area of the fiber feed channel is buckle-free or bend free. The end area of the fiber feed channel located in the adaptor has a curved area, which is also buckle-free or bend free. This curved area corresponds to the rotational direction of the spinning rotor and also comprises a component in axial direction of the spinning rotor. The curved area preferably extends with a constant radius over the entire adaptor.

Abstract: A chain link (1) consists of two loops (2a, 2b) and two sides (3a, 3b), and a post (5) welded in between the chain link's sides (3a, 3b). The post (5) has sections (7) of reduced thickness against the chain link's sides (3a, 3b) in order to produce weld grooves for welding the post (5) to the chain link's sides (3a, 3b) with a through-weld. A sacrificial anode (9) is affixed around the chain link's post (5), by means of casting, welding or clamping.

Abstract: A cable handling chain link assembly comprising: a chain link; and a releasably connectable cable retention device; the link having an open sided cable compartment defined between an upper wall, a lower wall, and a partition extending between the upper and lower walls; the partition being located inboard from side edges of the upper and lower walls, the side edges defining the open side of the compartment; the partition including an aperture adjacent to an inside face of one of said walls through which the cable retention device extends; the cable retention device being a unitary member of generally elongate form having a main body from which longitudinally extends a resilient tongue formation having detent means for co-operation with the chain link to restrain withdrawal of the retention device in a longitudinal direction of the retention device; the resilient tongue formation co-operating with said inside face and a wall of said aperture opposed to said inside face to resiliently urge said detent means into

Abstract: A combined cycle power plant comprises a gas turbine system and a steam cycle system having a steam turbine to be driven by the steam generated by the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine system, wherein the steam from the steam cycle system flows through a gas turbine cooling system of the gas turbine to cool the gas turbine blades and other elements of the gas turbine system to be cooled and the waste heat of the gas turbine system is effectively collected. The gas turbine cooling system has two or more than two cooling ducts formed in two or more than two elements of the gas turbine system to be cooled such as the gas turbine blades and the combustor of the gas turbine system so that steam is made to flow through the cooling ducts of these two or more than two elements to be cooled to effectively and maximally exploit the cooling potential and the waste heat collecting potential of the steam and hence improve the overall thermal efficiency of the plant.

Abstract: A turbojet engine includes a compressor and turbine, with a combustor disposed therebetween for generating exhaust gas. An afterburner includes an annular casing and liner spaced radially inwardly therefrom to define a cooling duct therebetween. A recoup duct is disposed in flow communication with the compressor for receiving a portion of compressed air therefrom as recoup air. A plenum is disposed at an upstream end of the afterburner casing, and includes an inlet disposed in flow communication with the recoup duct for receiving the recoup air, and an outlet disposed in flow communication with the afterburner cooling duct for discharging the recoup air therein.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine (10) includes a translating sleeve (38) disposed within a downstream portion of an outer nacelle (20). A variable area fan exhaust nozzle (30) is defined between the trailing edge (32) of the translating sleeve (38) and a conical core cowl (26) disposed radially inwardly of the outer nacelle (20) and spaced apart therefrom. The translating sleeve (38) translates downstream to cooperate with the decreasing diameter of the core cowl (26) to increase the area of the fan exhaust nozzle (30).

Abstract: A thrust reverser for a turbofan-type turbojet engine in which the axial length of the fan housing is less than that of the turbojet engine cowling such that the movable thrust reverser baffles may be attached to the jet engine cowling and moved to an extended position wherein the cold flow gases emanating from the cold flow exhaust duct are redirected to provide a thrust reversing force. The baffles are movably attached to the engine cowling by a plurality of linkrods forming a deformable parallelogram kinematic linkage. Each of the linkrods has opposite ends pivotally attached to the movable baffle and to the engine cowling, respectively.

Abstract: In control apparatus and method for an internal combustion engine, an incremental correction coefficient for a basic fuel injection (supply) quantity is carried out in such a way that an excess coefficient at an inlet portion of a three-way catalytic converter interposed in an exhaust passage of the engine gives a predetermined value and a retardation correction quantity by which a basic ignition advance angle (ADV) is retarded is determined when a secondary air is supplied into a portion of the exhaust passage which is located upstream with respect to the catalytic converter and an engine driving condition falls in an idling state.

Abstract: In the embodiments disclosed in the specification, an exhaust gas purifier includes an exhaust line which leads from an internal combustion engine and includes a catalytic converter, a first oxygen sensor upstream of the catalytic converter and a second oxygen sensor downstream of the catalytic converter which provides an output signal used as a reference to correct errors in fuel injection time resulting from drift of the first oxygen sensor when fuel with a low content of aromatics is used in place of conventional fuel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the destruction of emissions from an internal combustion engine wherein a substrate coated with TiO.sub.2 is exposed to a light source in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine thereby catalyzing oxidation/reduction reactions between gaseous hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and oxygen in the exhaust of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A managed fuel air mode control system is provided which operates in an open loop lean mode of operation whenever open loop enable criteria is met. During the open loop lean mode of operation, a rich A/F purge mode of operation is dictated when a NO.sub.x trap is determined to be full. After purging the trap, engine operation returns to stoichiometric and either enters a closed loop learning operation or returns to lean operation depending upon the time that has passed since the last learning operation. During the learning operation, an adaptive control algorithm learns or updates a long term correction factor that is used during the open loop lean A/F mode of operation. Also during open loop operation, the amount of SO.sub.x accumulated in the trap is calculated and the open loop mode is terminated when the amount of SO.sub.x exceed a threshold.

Abstract: In the present invention, the No. 1 cylinder of an engine is connected to a first exhaust passage and the No. 2 to No. 4 cylinders are connected to a second exhaust passage. A three-way catalyst and a NO.sub.X absorbent are disposed in the first and second exhaust passage, respectively. A denitrating catalyst is disposed in a common exhaust passage to which the first and second exhaust passage merge. The NO.sub.X absorbent absorbs NO.sub.X when the No. 2 to No. 4 cylinders are operated at a lean air-fuel ratio, and is regenerated, i.e., releases and reduces the absorbed NO.sub.X when the No. 2 to No. 4 cylinders are operated at a rich air-fuel ratio. However, NO.sub.X, without being reduced, is released from the NO.sub.X absorbent during a short period at the beginning of the regenerating operation. In the present invention, the No. 1 cylinder is operated at a rich air-fuel ratio during the short period at the beginning of the regenerating operation in order to produce NH.sub.3 at the three-way catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrodynamic clutch in a drive system, notably a turbo compound system. The hydrodynamic clutch includes a pump impeller and a turbine impeller which together form a toroidal working space. The turbine impeller is joined to a take-off shaft in torsionally fixed fashion and the pump impeller bears, via a bearing arrangement, on the take-off shaft. Coordinated with the toroidal working space is an operating medium supply system. The operating medium supply system includes an operating medium supply space which is arranged radially interior to the toroidal working space and bounded in the axial direction by the bearing arrangement and the contour of the turbine impeller. A central operating medium supply duct is arranged in the take-off shaft and extends in the take-off shaft in the axial direction at least up into the area of the center plane of the clutch. At least one distributing duct connects the central operating medium supply duct to the operating medium supply space.

Abstract: A fluid system is connected to a three chamber fluid cylinder. The effective pressure responsive areas of two of the pressure chambers are equal such that when fluid at a selected rate of flow and at a predetermined pressure is communicated to one of the chambers, a force of a predetermined magnitude is generated to cause contraction of the fluid cylinder at a predetermined rate. A servo valve is disposed in the system between the inlet and outlet of a fluid pump to selectively direct fluid to either of the equal pressure chambers to selective expand or contract the fluid cylinder. The fluid system further comprises an accumulator and a directional control valve adapted to communicate a third chamber of the fluid cylinder to the accumulator. The accumulator maintains the pressure in the third fluid chamber to exert a force on the fluid cylinder balancing a selected load that the cylinder may be carrying during the expansion and contraction stages of the cylinder.

Abstract: An electrohydraulic control system that includes a bidirectional electric motor responsive to application of electrical power for rotation in either of two directions, and a hydraulic pump coupled to the motor and having ports for supplying hydraulic fluid in either of two flow directions as a function of direction of rotation of the electric motor. A hydraulic actuator is coupled to the pump for receiving fluid in either of two flow directions and performing work as a function thereof. An electronic controller applies electrical power to the electric motor so as to obtain a desired level of work at the actuator. The electronic controller includes one or more sensors operatively coupled to the actuator for applying electrical power to the motor as a function of motion at the actuator.

Abstract: A two stage brake valve communicates fluid pressure to a brake mechanism. The brake valve has an inlet for receiving pressurized brake fluid from a pump, a reservoir port, a stepped bore and a stepped piston member comprising a larger diameter prefill piston and a smaller diameter high pressure piston. The stepped bore and the stepped piston form a high volume prefill chamber and a high pressure chamber. The high pressure piston has a metering groove which controls communication between the inlet and the brake mechanism. A bleed orifice is formed in the high pressure piston and communicates the high pressure chamber to an outer surface of the high pressure piston. The bleed orifice includes an annular bleed groove formed in an outer surface of the high pressure piston and a radial passage extending from the bleed groove to an interior of the high pressure piston.

Abstract: A brake cylinder means (1) for a motor vehicle, comprises a cylinder/piston means (2) adapted to be operated by a brake pedal means for generating pressure in a hydraulic brake system of the motor vehicle, characterized in that the cylinder/piston means (2) is provided in an outer cylinder means (3) in an axially movable manner, a spring means is provided to resiliantly bias said cylinder/piston means (2) against said outer cylinder (3), in an normal actuation position said cylinder (2a) of said cylinder/piston means (2) being essentially non-movable with respect to the piston (2b) of said cylinder/piston means (2), such that the cylinder/piston means (2) being movable against the spring forces of said spring means (4) in said outer cylinder (3).

Abstract: In a diesel engine in which boost air is supplied by a turbocharger, the generation of dry soot, which is a component of smoke, is suppressed by lowering the intake air temperature in the cylinder at the compression top dead center position of the piston. The fuel injected into the intake air is ignited by the heat of this compression. In order to reduce the intake air temperature at the top dead center position without reducing the amount of the intake air, the boost pressure of the turbocharger is lowered and also the effective compression ratio by the piston for the intake air is raised by, for example, altering the closing timing of an intake valve.

Abstract: The invention provides a stand-alone, hybrid combustion turbine derivative power generation system sized for the most efficient and cost-effective base load operation that is also capable of providing, using air storage techniques, short-duration peak power, which is approximately 200% of the base load rating, and short-duration intermediate load power over a whole a range of loads between a base load and a peak load. The peak/intermediate power is also delivered with the best practical efficiency possible. The hybrid system may employ a variety of combustion turbine thermal cycles, including a simple cycle combustion turbine plant, combustion turbine plants with intercooling, reheat, recuperation, steam injection and humidification, and combined cycle power plants.

Abstract: An air fuel mixer is disclosed having a mixing duct, a shroud surrounding the upstream end of the mixing duct in which a fuel manifold is provided in flow communication with a fuel supply and control means, a set of inner and outer counter-rotating swirlers adjacent the upstream end of the mixing duct for imparting swirl to an air stream, a hub separating the inner and outer annular swirlers to allow independent rotation of the air stream, and a centerbody located axially along and substantially the full length of the mixing duct. In order to inject one type of fuel into the mixing duct, fuel is supplied to the outer annular swirlers which include hollow vanes with internal cavities, wherein the internal cavities of the outer swirler vanes are in fluid communication with the fuel manifold in the shroud. The outer swirler vanes further include a plurality of fuel passages therethrough in flow communication with the internal cavities.

Abstract: Ice blocks are formed in multiple compartments of a board disposed at the bottom of a water-filled housing by a powered cooling chip having a cold interface attached to a cooling seat below the board and a hot interface attached to a heat radiating plate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of mixing liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen to form a liquid mixture in which such streams are passed through a parallel flow heat exchanger in order to form a subcooled liquid oxygen stream and a partly vaporized liquid nitrogen stream both having the same temperature. The partly vaporized liquid nitrogen stream is phase separated in a phase separator to form liquid and vaporized nitrogen phases. The liquid phase stream composed of the liquid nitrogen is mixed with the subcooled liquid oxygen stream, preferably in a mixing tee, in order to form the desired mixture.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for (a) increasing expansion tank "acceptance" (defined herein as working fluid storage capacity); and (b) adjusting the rate of pressure variations within a prespecified range in precharged fluid storage systems (for example, holding pressure down below a prespecified threshold value for a given volume of acceptance, stored water temperature level, etc.). A "volatile" fluid (defined herein as a fluid having a boiling point within the predetermined pressure and temperature operating ranges for a given system), is used at least in part as the expansion fluid in an expansion tank included in a fluid storage system.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for storing a multi-component cryogenic mixture as a liquid. The multi-component cryogenic mixture of interest contains at least first and second components. The first component is more volatile than the second component and the second component has a bubble point temperature atmosphere pressure, lower than that of the first component at an above atmosphere pressure. A container is provided in the apparatus for storing the cryogenic mixture. An inevitable heat leakage causes a cryogenic mixture to vaporize so that the vapor phase of the mixture is enriched in the first component and the liquid phase in the mixture is enriched in the second component.