Abstract: A needle protection device for a vial has a collar at the base of which a number of finger grippers extend. The collar is placed about the hub of a vial and pushed therealong until the gripper fingers snap over the bottom surface of the needle hub so as to fixedly couple the collar to the needle hub of the vial. Flexibly extending from the collar is a housing that is pivotable to a position in alignment along the longitudinal axis of the vial for enveloping the needle, to thereby prevent the needle from being exposed to the environment. A hook integrated to the inside of the housing ensures that the needle and the housing could no longer move relative to each other once the hook snaps over and traps the needle, as the housing is pivoted to its alignment position. For those vials that have a needle hub that extends smoothly from the vial, a second embodiment of the instant invention has, in place of the collar, a base that has two extending arms with coacting ends.

Abstract: Diesel fuels or blending stocks having excellent lubricity, oxidative stability and high cetane number are produced from non-shifting Fischer-Tropsch processes by separating the Fischer-Tropsch product into a lighter and heavier fractions, e.g., at about 700° F., subjecting the 700° F.+ fraction to hydro-treating, and combining the 700° F.− portion of the hydrotreated product with the lighter fraction that has not been hydrotreated.

Abstract: A process for making a lube base stock wherein an olefinic feedstock is separated into a light olefin fraction and a medium olefin fraction. The light olefin fraction is contacted with a first oligomerization catalyst in a first oligomerization zone to produce a first product. Both the medium olefin fraction and the first product are contacted with a second oligomerization catalyst in a second oligomerization zone to produce a second product. The second product is separated into a light byproduct fraction and a heavy product fraction that includes hydrocarbons in the lube base stock range.

Abstract: A device for separating sawdust and manure, wherein a reticulated object is attached in an inclining condition to a supporting frame through a spring so as to be able to vibrate freely, wherein the reticulated object is vibrated by a vibrating means, wherein sawdust containing manure is placed on the reticulated object, and wherein the reticulated object in an inclining condition is vibrated so that the manure falls from the lower end of the reticulated object and the sawdust passes through the reticulated object and falls beneath the reticulated object.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cleaning the sand beds of slow sand filters, infiltration basins and pools of other types having sand beds in water treatment works and similar plants, while the filter is in service, by removing a few centimeters of the bed surface, cleaning the sand of the sludge or filter film formed on the bed surface, returning the cleaned sand to the bed, and discharging the separated sludge, suspended in water to drain or to a suitable disposal site. This is achieved using a tracked cleaning machine equipped with a submersible pump (7) and nozzle (8) to remove the top layer of sludge-bearing sand from the bed, cleaning the sludge from the sand thus removed in a hydrocyclone (13), returning the cleaned sand to the bed via a spreader plate (15) and discharging the water-suspended sludge to a drain or to a suitable disposal site through a hose (17).

Abstract: In an apparatus 10, a space is formed by a pair of impermeable supports 16 and a pair of spacer members 12 for providing a predetermined distance between the impermeable supports 16. A permeable membrane is provided within the space and outlets 15 are provided on each of the pair of impermeable members 16. A stirrer 20 is provided within the space where the permeating object is present, and comprises a stirring axis 22, a driving source for oscillating the stirring axis 22, and a plurality of stirring blades 24 mounted on the stirring axis 22. Cut sections 26 are provided at a portion of each of the stirring blades 24 so that the permeating object can be circulated at the space between the stirring blade 24 and the inner wall of the spacer member 12 or at the space between the stirring blade 24 and the permeable membrane 14. The cut sections are alternately provided at the right and left sides of the layered stirring blades.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dialyzer for blood treatment having incorporated therein a semipermeable membrane which comprises a hydrophobic polymer and a hydrophilic polymer, the water permeating performance of the semipermeable membrane after drying being ½ or higher relative to that before drying and the dialyzer satisfying any of the following requirements: (A) the vitamin B12 clearance is not smaller than 135 ml/min per 1.6 m2; and (B) the amount of the hydrophilic polymer that is eluted from the semipermeable membrane is not higher than 10 ppm.

Abstract: The present invention typically involves the use of a compressed blocking area to assist in sealing a filter element and avoiding channeling in a wound fibrous tissue filtering system. It may involve the use of multiple, spaced, interstitial rings. It may involve the intentional wasting of a portion of the filter element to create a compressed blocking area. It may also involve the use of different heights of the rings and may include the use of compression and secondary tapers on the rings. The heights and spacing of the rings with respect to the other ring or rings may vary in a certain ratio.

Abstract: A system for removal of water from a hydrocarbon fluid, such as a fuel emulsion in a tank or flowing through a conduit that is used from time to time for delivering fuel to a household or consumer device, including a filter with a super-absorbent, hydrophilic, oleophobic substance bound with a medium to prevent separation and a support body structured to hold the filter, the filter being removable in order to be cleaned and reused or to be discarded and replaced by another filter.

Abstract: Field emission display and method for fabricating the same, the field emission display including a cathode array having a cathode electrode formed on a substrate, insulating layers and carbon nanotube films for use as emitter electrodes formed alternately on the cathode electrode, and a gate electrode formed on the insulating layer, thereby permitting fabrication of a large sized cathode plate at a low cost because the film is formed by screen printing and exposure, which can reduce the cumbersome steps in fabrication of the related art Spindt emitter tip, and both a low voltage and a high voltage FEDs because the carbon nanotube film used as the emitter has a low work function, with an easy and stable electron emission capability.

Abstract: A method for locally heating objects, in particular thin sheet metal, by charging the objects by means of a plasma ignited between two electrodes. In order to keep the thermal stress of a subject as low as possible outside of the zone to be heated it is provided that the machining such as spot welding or burning through a breakthrough occurs with merely one plasma pulse which is produced by applying a voltage pulse exceeding the arc-over voltage of the gap between the electrodes (15′, 19′).

Abstract: A method for making a non-stick ceramic cooking vessel for a slow-cooker, the vessel having glazing defining a seal over a cooking surface of the ceramic vessel, the method comprising the steps of removing at least a portion of the glazing while preferably maintaining at least a portion of the seal of the vessel and applying a non-stick coating over the cooking surface. The step of removing the glazing is preferably achieved by grit-blasting at least a portion of the glazing with aluminum oxide. Additionally, the cooking surface preferably includes a bottom surface and a wall surface wherein the glazing is preferably removed from the bottom surface such that the seal is substantially removed, and a portion of the glazing is preferably removed from the wall surface such that the seal there remains substantially intact.

Abstract: This reflow soldering apparatus comprises a heater tip 10 for soldering sites to be soldered of a workpiece W by reflow method, a power supply unit for supplying an electric power for heat generation or heating to the heater tip, a control unit for providing a control of the supplied current in the power supply unit, and a pressing unit 16 for pressing the heater tip against the sites to be soldered of the workpiece W. An inverter of the power supply unit has four transistor switching elements. By the control unit by way of a driving circuit, the first set of switching elements and are simultaneously switching (ON/OFF) controlled at a predetermined inverter frequency (e.g., 10 kHz) in response to in-phase inverter control signals G1 and G3, whereas the second set of switching elements are simultaneously switching controlled at the inverter frequency in response to in-phase inverter control signals G2 and G4.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for in-situ induction tempering is provided in which an induction coil is used to temper a part in-situ at the location. The use of an induction coil in-situ at the heat treating location eliminates the need (and time and expense) of a multi-step process wherein in part to be tempered would otherwise have to be moved from the quenching location to the tempering location, such as at a tempering furnace. It also eliminates the need for the tempering furnace, which is a great space savings. In one form of the invention, the power supplied to the induction coil is controlled by a closed-loop temperature controller that is controlled by the temperature in the vicinity of the tempered part, as opposed to simply be controlling on time at temperature.

Abstract: A packaging container has a container body formed in a shape substantially resembling an inverted cone. The packaging container can be set alone on a support surface and the contents, such as confectionery, of the packaging container can be taken out without holding the packaging container by hand. The container package includes a container body (2) formed in a shape substantially resembling an inverted cone and having a tapered end portion (5) and an open end (6) opposite the tapered end portion (5), a lid (3) for hermetically sealing the container body. and a frustum-shaped exterior shell (4) removably fitted on the container body (2). The exterior shell fitted on the container body is removed from the container body and is inverted, and the tapered end portion of the container body is inserted in the inverted exterior shell to support the container body by the exterior shell. The container body (2) is provided on its outer surface with protrusions (8).

Abstract: A bucket includes a side wall structure surrounding an interior and extending from a base to a top peripheral rim at an open top. The interior of the bucket includes an upper portion and a lower portion defining a well. A floor between the upper and lower portions surrounds a top of the well and is pitched so as to direct fluid into the well. A reduced size of the well relative to the upper portion of the bucket interior serves to gather fluid into a constricted volume reservoir for efficient pick-up through the distal end of a wand of an airless paint sprayer extending down through the open top and into the well of the bucket.

Abstract: A suit hanger includes a hook having a straight portion and a frame connected to the hook. The frame has an articulating section in a middle thereof, thereby allowing the frame to be folded at the articulating section along a pivotal axis that is at an angle with an extending direction of the straight portion of the hook.

Abstract: A compact and versatile device designed to aid the safe lifting and carrying (in an upright position) of large and awkward man-made sheet materials used in the construction industry, so developed to reduce the hazardous and tiring act of bending the back or legs in order to lift heavy sheet materials in common use. The tool is made of strong and durable materials, whilst remaining small enough to be carried easily on the person, so remaining ready for immediate use and consequently more likely to be used than some other, sometimes complicated, devices already on the market. The device consists of a strong carrying shoe suitable to support the lower edge of the sheet material, with a loop of strong but flexible webbing strap which is secured through a purpose-made slot in the carrying shoe. This strap, when wrapped around the operatives hand or wrist, forms an easy means by which a board may then be lifted clear of the ground, and carried away to another place.

Abstract: A cartridge body 602 is formed with a receptacle chamber 603 for accommodating sheet staples ST therein in a stacked state and is also formed with a drive-out passage 601 for driving out the sheet staples ST, and within the cartridge body 602 is provided a plate spring member 650 as a pushing means for pushing the sheet staples ST stacked in the receptacle chamber 603 toward the drive-out passage 601.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a tool provided with a cutter for removing flashes produced during friction stir welding.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for desoldering electronic components from a substrate. A vacuum is used, to enhance the flow of a hot gas under an electronic component to reflow the solder connections attaching the electronic component to a substrate. Water vapor is added to the hot gas to increase the heat capacity of the hot gas. A system for periodically changing the direction of flow of the hot gas and vacuum under the electronic component is used to uniformly heat the solder connections.

Abstract: A wire bonding method and apparatus, in which after the tail of a wire extends out of a capillary, the capillary moves to a measurement position above a tail length measuring member; the capillary descends so that the end of the tail contacts the tail length measuring member; a position of the capillary or a distance by which the capillary is lowered at the time that electrical continuity is established with the tail length measuring member is detected; and the tail length is calculated based upon a height level of the tail length measuring member, the position of the capillary before being lowered for measuring the tail, and the position of the capillary when the wire contacts the tail length measuring member, or upon the height of the capillary above the tail length measuring member before lowering the capillary for measuring the tail, and a distance the capillary is lowered.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to weld a hollow-shaped material from one side, regardless of the size accuracy of the hollow-shaped material or the like, and to form the joint with higher strength. Projecting segments 12b, 22b of face plates of hollow-shaped materials 10, 20 are friction stir welded from above. Next, a connecting material 30 is placed on the upper face plates 11, 21 of the hollow-shaped materials 10, 20, and is friction stir welded from above. The welding region exists at the node between a rib connecting the two face plates 11, 12 (21, 22) and the face plate 11 (21). The joint of the connecting material 30 and the face plates 11, 21 are lap joint. Not butt joint. Therefore, the hollow-shaped materials could be welded with ease, even though there exists manufacturing tolerance, or tolerance in arrangement of the hollow-shaped materials 10, 20.

Abstract: A document folder has a cover formed of relatively flexible sheet material with a back and front panels, and a spine hingedly connecting the panels so that they may be disposed in an overlying position and provide an enclosure for documents therebetween. The panels are movable relative to each other about the spine, and disposed therebetween is a relatively rigid stiffener dimensioned cooperatively with the back panel to rigidify the folder when stored vertically. A document holder is engaged with the stiffener for securing a multiplicity of documents between the stiffener and the front panel. The cover may be integrally formed or assembled from separate panels, one of which provides the spine. At least a portion of the cover is formed from a material which may be imprinted in a computer printer.

Abstract: A container including an outer shell, a flexible bag within the outer shell, a mouth and a handle. The outer shell has a top, a bottom and sidewalls. The outer shell also defines an opening. The flexible bag within the outer shell defines an aperture. The mouth is secured to said flexible bag surrounding said aperture and defines a fluid passageway. The mouth is sized and shaped such that fluid can be poured through the mouth from a source having an outlet spaced above the mouth. The handle extends outward from said top of said outer shell and has sufficient strength to provide essentially all support for said container when the bag is filled with liquid in either of two positions, with the first position being where the opening is facing upwards and the second position being where opening is facing sidewards. Desirably, the mouth and opening are sized and shaped such that when the opening is facing upwards the human eye can detect when a level of fluid in the container is approaching the mouth.

Abstract: An electronically controlled micro-dispensing apparatus (10) is described. The apparatus includes a container (12), an adaptor (18), a nozzle (28) and a control circuit (34 or 42). The container is filled with the chemical (104) and propellant (102). The adaptor, nozzle and control circuit are removable from the container and are reusable. The control circuits controls the length of pulse and the time duration between each pulse. By controlling these factors, the apparatus dispenses a precise amount of liquid over a set time period. The ejector allows for controlled dispensing and allows the liquid to be sprayed a greater distance. In the preferred embodiment, the apparatus are used to dispense a pheromone in an outdoor setting, such as an orchard (100), to control insects.

Abstract: This invention is directed towards a paint spray gun having a gun body with a male thread and having an air nozzle ring with a female thread which can be screwed onto the male thread of the gun body. The diameter of the thread is between about 30 and about 40 mm. The thread of the invention is a trapezoid thread with a flank angle in the range of about +/−20% of 30°. The thread has a thread height within the range of about +/− 20% of 1.1 mm, a root to crest clearance within the range of about +/−20% of 0.1 mm and a flank clearance within the range of about +/−20% of 0.15 mm. The effect of these modifications to a standard trapezoid thread with a flank angle of about 30° is that the thread is optimally adjusted to serve as a thread connecting the body of a paint spray gun and a nozzle ring.

Abstract: A seat belt retractor for retracting a seat belt is formed of a first motor for retracting a seat belt with a force not providing a pressing feeling to a passenger, a second motor having a torque greater than that of the first motor for retracting the seat belt with a force forcibly holding the passenger to a seat, and a control circuit connected to the first and second motors for controlling the same. Thus, the seat belt retractor can perform a forced retraction and a normal retraction with an economical structure.

Abstract: In the winding of cheeses with a random pattern in a bobbin winding machine, a pattern disruption is performed during a passage through a pattern zone, and the actual diameter of the cheese (10) is determined by calculating the course of the increase of the cheese diameter to be expected and adding the expected increases in diameter occurring while winding through the pattern zones to the diameter of the cheese (10) calculated prior to reaching the pattern zone from the ratio of the number of revolutions of the cheese (10) and the winding drum (13) to the diameter of the winding drum (13).

Abstract: An interface for feeding fresh spinning cops (19) into the transport system (21) of a textile machine that produces cross-wound bobbins. The interface comprises a centering device (33), installed in the area of a receiving conveyor (1), for placing the spinning cops (19) onto insertion spindles (65) of transport pallets (17) circulating in the transport system (21) and an impressing device (26) for fixing the spinning cops (19) onto the receiving spindles (65). A drive (27) is arranged in the area of the receiving conveyor (1) which drive effects the transporting of the transport pallets (17) on the receiving conveyor (1) and the actuation of the centering device (33).

Abstract: An aperture-reinforcing device for flexible envelopes which are intended to be tensioned, and in particular for aerostat envelopes, includes adjacent first and second annular members. The envelope is passed successively over the inside parts of the surfaces of the first and second annular members, then the outside part of the surface of the second annular member, and then again over the inside part of the surface of the first annular member, between itself and that part.

Abstract: New techniques are presented for occupancy detection methods employed in the control, automation and operation of scale Model railroad layouts that permit new types of capabilities to be incorporated into the railroad. The invention allows for a universal occupancy detector that can automatically configure itself to work on common rail or direct home wiring arrangements. This occupancy detector is able to work with large track feeder parasitic or stray capacitances and is also able to determine when any direct home track section is energized.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sheet material mounting device having two channels, namely, a mounting channel for receivably engaging a rod for gripping the sheet material and a spacer channel for receivably engaging a spacer support configured to engage a lift cord and, optionally, a spacer cord. The spacer channel may be positioned above the mounting channel such that the center of gravity of the mounting device is located above the center of the mounting channel, thereby reducing asymmetric tilt of the sheet material engaged by the mounting channel and reducing friction against the lift cord. Alternatively, the mounting channel may be positioned above the spacer channel. The mounting channel and the spacer channel are preferably both C-shaped, and each channel has an opening which faces in a direction opposite the direction faced by the opening of the other channel. Thus, a side view of the mounting device may resemble either an “S” or a reverse “S”.

Abstract: A vertical movement apparatus for a vehicle seat includes a seat bracket supported on a seat member, a floor bracket adapted to be supported on a floor member, a link supported by the floor bracket to move the seat bracket in the vertical direction of the seat member, a driving member operatively connected to the link to drive the link and move the seat bracket in the vertical direction, and a link control mechanism. The link control mechanism includes an elongated hole located in either the seat bracket or the floor bracket, a pin operatively engaged with the other of the floor bracket or the seat bracket and slidably disposed within the elongated hole, and a depression portion located on the inside surface of the elongated hole to prevent the pin from sliding within the elongated hole.

Abstract: An irregular pattern detector includes a first optical system, a transparent light guide body and a second optical system. The first optical system has a light source. The transparent light guide body has an incident face receiving an incident light from the light source of the first optical system, a detection face provided to face the incident face and for placing a subject having an irregular pattern thereon, a curved surface reflecting scattering light from the detection face, an optical absorbing face provided to face the curved surface and having an opening part outputting the reflection light from the curved surface. The second optical system such as an imaging lens guides the light from the opening part of the optical absorbing face of the transparent light guide body to a camera device. This irregular pattern detector can be scaled down, and can obtain precise images without any deformation.

Abstract: A fluid flow control valve with integrated pneumatic actuation, comprising a valve body which forms, inside it, a passage chamber for a fluid which is connected to an intake port and a delivery port. A sealing region is formed inside the passage chamber, between the intake port and the delivery port, and can be engaged by the head of a pneumatically actuated flow control element which can move on command along an actuation path in order to pass from an open position, in which the head is disengaged and spaced from the sealing region, to a closed position, in which the head engages the sealing region.

Abstract: In a device for operating a gas exchange valve with a hydraulic play compensating element of an internal combustion engine, which device includes an electromagnetic actuator having spaced valve opening and valve closing magnets between which an armature is movably supported for operating the gas exchange valve and wherein the valve is biased in a valve closing direction by a valve closing spring and in a valve opening direction by a valve opening spring which together form a valve oscillation structure having an equilibrium position in which the armature which is operatively connected to the valve is essentially disposed centrally between the magnets, the opening spring has a steeper spring force characteristic line and a lower pre-stress value than the closing spring.

Abstract: A rotary valve is provided with an elliptical valve disc that seats against a seal element operatively mounted in an elliptically shaped depression formed in the rigid annular portion of a seal cartridge structure carried by the valve body. Due to the elliptical shapes of the disc and corresponding seating structure, and a conical configuration of the disc periphery, sealing of the valve disc, the integrity of the seal, and the ability of the seal to completely stop the flow of fluid through the valve body are desirably improved. The centering of valve disc relative to the seal cartridge is facilitated by a specially designed disc mounting structure that eliminates any necessity of adjusting the disc along its rotational axis, and a one-piece actuator bracket is removably mounted to the valve body to substantially simplify and reduce the expense of operatively associating an actuator with the valve.

Abstract: The hydraulic oil is based on natural fatty acid esters. The basic material of the hydraulic oil is selected from the following esters of tall oil or their mixture: ester of a polyhydroxy compound of neopentane, such as trimethylolpropane ester (TMP ester), pentaerythritol ester, trimethylolethane ester, trimethylolbutane ester, neopentyl glycol ester, and poly(ethyleneglycol) ester, and it further contains at least an oxidation inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, an antifoam agent, and an EP lubricant.

Abstract: In chemical mechanical polishing of a copper metal film, contamination of a polishing pad may be prevented by using a slurry for chemical mechanical polishing consisting of &thgr;-alumina which mainly comprises secondary particles made of aggregated primary particles as polishing grains.

Abstract: A metal fence post for use with a wooden fence. The fence post has a U-shaped center section positioned between two flanges, and each of the flanges includes a plurality of holes extending along an edge. The fence post can be used as a line post, corner post or end post. In one form, the thickness of the sides of the U-shaped center section is about the same as the thickness of the wooden fence rails so that the fence posts are positioned in-line with the fence rails. The fence posts allow the fence boards to be attached to either or both sides of the rails. In another form, the center section has very closely spaced, but longer legs. That provides increased strength allowing thinner gauge material.

Abstract: A closed magnetic circuit layer is formed on a ferromagnetic layer serving as a memory layer of a magnetic tunnel junction device, in such a manner that a closed magnetic circuit layer is formed via a metal layer with a spacing at a central portion. With this structure, stable magnetization state can be ensured even for a miniaturized pattern.

Abstract: An input data register for latching write data is arranged in a position near a memory cell array of a memory core section. The input data register is arranged on the upstream side of a data path used for writing data into a memory cell. Write data input to a data pin which is arranged in the end position on the downstream side is latched in the input data register via a data input buffer, serial/parallel converting circuit and write data line. Data latched in the input data register is written into a memory cell via a DQ write driver, data line pair, I/O gate and bit line pair in a next write cycle.

Abstract: A memory space controller controls a part of normal regions of memory space as a redundancy region for relieving faulty regions. The memory space controller relocates the faulty regions to the part of the normal regions at a final address side of a memory space, thereby forming a continuous memory space. The memory space controller includes at least a faulty address storing table unit, a replace address storing table unit, a first address agreement/disagreement detecting circuit, and an address data selecting circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor storage device such as a DRAM is configured to enable testing on defectiveness of memory cells by an existing memory tester, which locates defect cells to be replaced with redundancy cells by a redundancy circuit. Herein, a write circuit writes multiple-bit data to memory cells of a memory cell array under testing. Then, the multiple-bit data are read from the memory cell array by a read circuit and are compared with original one to make decisions of “pass” or “fail” on the memory cells by the memory tester. Specifically, the read circuit is configured by plural pairs of a data output circuit and a data compression circuit with respect to plural sets of prescribed data each of which consists of a prescribed number of bits corresponding to prescribed memory cells which are subjected to simultaneous replacement.

Abstract: A first transistor is connected between the gates of select transistors connected to two ends of a memory cell and a select line control circuit. A first gate line is connected to the gate of the first transistor. A first voltage control circuit controls the voltage of the first gate line to turn on or off the first transistor. A second transistor is connected between the control gate of the memory cell and a word line control circuit. A second gate line separated from the first gate line is connected to the gate of the second transistor. A second voltage control circuit controls the voltage of the second gate line to turn on or off the second transistor.

Abstract: There is disclosed a field effect transistor of an epitaxial structure comprising an undoped Al0.5Ga0.5As barrier layer 106 having a film thickness of 3 nm to 10 nm, formed between an undoped In0.2Ga0.2As channel layer 105 and a Si-doped Al0.2Ga0.8As upper electron supplying layer 107, so that a potential barrier is formed just above a channel. In a forward direction gate biasing condition, the height of a Schottky barrier formed by a contact with a gate electrode becomes low, but the height of the potential barrier formed just above the channel does not substantially change so that the potential barrier effectively functions as a barrier against electrons within the channel. As a result, when a forward direction gate voltage is large, the gate current is effectively reduced, so that a gate forward direction rising voltage can be elevated. Thus, a large maximum drain current or a low on-resistance can be obtained. Furthermore, a gate leak current is reduced in the forward direction gate biasing condition.

Abstract: A scintillator having a columnar structure adapted to convert incident radiation into visible light is formed on one surface of a substrate made of Al in a scintillator panel. All surfaces of the substrate and scintillator are covered with a first polyparaxylylene film, whereas an SiO2 film is formed on the surface of polyparaxylylene film on the scintillator side. Further, a second polyparaxylylene film is formed on the surface of SiO2 film and the surface of polyparaxylylene film on the substrate side, so that all surfaces are covered with the second polyparaxylylene film.

Abstract: A unit pixel in a CMOS image sensor, which enhances a capacitance of a photodiode to reduce noises and increase the maximum output signal of the image sensor, is provided. To achieve this, the CMOS image sensor includes a photodiode aligned with an edge of an insulating film for separating elements and formed by doping impurities to a semiconductor layer by an ion implantation; and a capacitor formed along with interface between the photodiode and the insulating film on plan and formed by layering a bottom electrode, a dielectric and an upper electrode contacted with the photodiode.

Abstract: The present invention has the object of obtaining a display device with a sufficient storage property without degrading the aperture ratio when high definition is to be achieved for the display device.