Abstract: A manufacturing process OF a thin film transistor is provided, in which occurrence of a dry spot and occurrence of an etch residue of an ohmic contact layer (n+a-Si:H film) due to the dry spot are prevented in photoengraving process for patterning a semiconductor layer and the ohmic contact layer into an island, without any further treatment by any other apparatus.

Abstract: A light-emitting-diode array is formed on a substrate having an upper layer of a semiconducting material and a lower layer of an insulating or semi-insulating material. The upper layer is divided into blocks by isolation channels that cut completely through the upper layer. The light-emitting diodes, which are formed by selective diffusion of an impurity into the upper layer, are arranged in a single row, with at least two light-emitting diodes in each block of the upper layer. Each block has a block electrode that drives the light-emitting diodes in the block. The row of light-emitting diodes is paralleled by a number of shared lines which cross the isolation channels. Each shared line is coupled to a plurality of light-emitting diodes in different blocks.

Abstract: A compact LED module capable of preventing electrostatic destruction is provided. This LED module has first, second, and third terminals; first and second light emitting diodes connected between the first and second terminals and also connected in inverse parallel to each other; and a third light emitting diode connected between the first or second terminal and the third terminal. The first light emitting diode is a green light emitting diode, the second light emitting diode is a blue light emitting diode, and the third light emitting diode is a red light emitting diode.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor light emitting device having improved adhesion of an electrode by reducing defects in a crystal surface. An n-type AlGaInP lower clad layer 12, an AlGaInP active layer 13, a p-type AlGaInP upper clad layer 14, a p-type AlGaInP intermediate layer 15 whose lattice matching rate &Dgr;a/a with GaAs is −3.3%, a p-type AlGaInP current diffusion layer 16 and a p-type electrode 17 are laminated on an n-type GaAs substrate 11 and an n-type electrode 18 is provided on the n-type GaAs substrate 11. Thus, the number of crystal defects in the crystal surface can be reduced to 20 or less per one LED by setting the value of the lattice matching rate &Dgr;a/a of the intermediate layer 15 to be −3.3%, which is lower than −2.5%. As a result, adhesion of the p-type electrode 17 formed on the current diffusion layer 16 is improved and thereby the yield of LED can be enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thin film transistor (TFT), liquid crystal display (LCD) and fabricating methods thereof, and more particularly to a TFT having source/drain lines on which an insulating layer and an active layer are located lie on an insulated substrate, to an LCD using the TFT and fabricating methods of the TFT and LCD. The TFT has a BBC (Buried Bus Coplanar) structure by forming a source/drain line on a substrate and by forming a buffer layer which covers the source/drain line which simplifies the process by means of reducing the number of deposition steps. The BBC structure of TFT has a source/drain line on a substrate, an insulating layer covering the source/drain line and the entire disclosed surface and a coplanar structure on the insulating layer. The present invention also provides a data line in the TFT of the BBC structure having low resistance applicable to a wide-screen by means of forming both the buffer layer and the source/drain line with a sufficient thickness.

Abstract: Minority carriers generated by photoelectric conversion in an isolation layer and a semiconductor region with the same conduction type as that of the isolation layer are provided with an effective diffusion length owing to a trench formed in the isolation layer and with no path, which could be a straight escape route for the minority carriers, and false signals, therefore, scarcely enters to a neighboring cell, so that smear and color interference can be suppressed.

Abstract: The semiconductor device comprises a first electrode 36, a ferroelectric film 38 formed on the first electrode, and a second electrode 46 formed on the ferroelectric film. The first electrode or the second electrode comprises SrRuOx films 30, 40 with Pb and/or Bi added. Pb and Bi are added to the SRO film, whereby the diffusion of the Pb and Bi contained in the ferroelectric film into the SRO film are suppressed, which leads to an improvement of capacitor ferroelectric properties. Thus, the semiconductor device can realize low-voltage operation and hydrogen deterioration resistance by using the SRO film.

Abstract: Integrated circuit memory devices include a memory cell field effect transistor in an integrated circuit substrate, a conductive plug that electrically contacts the memory cell field effect transistor and a titanium nitride bit line that electrically contacts the conductive plug opposite the memory cell filed effect transistor. Titanium nitride also may be used to electrically contact field effect transistors in the peripheral region of the integrated circuit memory device. Titanium nitride can be used as a bit line metal instead of conventional tungsten, and as a conductive plug to contact both p+-type and n+-type source/drain regions in the peripheral region of the memory device. The titanium nitride conductive plugs and bit lines may be formed simultaneously.

Abstract: A ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) device, and a fabrication method therefor, includes seed layers above and below a ferroelectric layer. The seed layers formed above and below faces of the ferroelectric layer can prevent an imprint phenomenon from being generated in a ferroelectric capacitor by making the characteristics of the upper and lower interfaces of the ferroelectric layer be the same. This is accomplished by providing upper and lower seed layers that are crystallized prior to the ferroelectric layer during a thermal treatment. This results in crystallization occurring from the upper and lower faces to the center of the ferroelectric layer, making the characteristics of the upper and lower interfaces of the ferroelectric layer the same, thereby improving ferroelectric capacitor characteristics.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate, for forming a circuit pattern of a semiconductor chip, comprised of a substrate, an insulating film formed on the substrate, and a semiconductor layer formed on the insulating film, wherein the semiconductor layer is isolated by the insulating film for every region formed with a circuit pattern of a semiconductor chip, able to be generally used even if a silicon on insulator or semiconductor on insulator (SOI) layer is isolated by an insulating film, and a process of production of an SOI substrate, enabling a reduction of thickness of the SOI layer and able to suppress the manufacturing costs and variation in the thickness of the SOI layer, comprising forming a groove in a first substrate made of a semiconductor, forming a first insulating film in the groove and on the first substrate, injecting hydrogen ions to form a peeling layer, bonding a second substrate, peeling off the first substrate by heat treatment while leaving the semiconductor layer, and polishing the semiconductor la

Abstract: In a circuit configuration comprising an n-channel thin-film transistor and a p-channel thin-film transistor integrally produced on a single substrate, a lightly-doped drain (LDD) region is formed selectively in the n-channel thin-film transistor, and damages to semiconductor layers caused when implanting impurity ions are balanced between the n- and p-channel thin-film transistors. This configuration achieves a balance between the n- and p-channel thin-film transistors and thereby provides high characteristics CMOS circuit.

Abstract: A silicon semiconductor die comprises a heavily doped silicon substrate and an upper layer comprising doped silicon of a first conduction type disposed on the substrate. The upper layer comprises a well region of a second, opposite conduction type adjacent an edge termination zone that comprises a layer of a material having a higher critical electric field than silicon. Both the well region and adjacent edge termination zone are disposed at an upper surface of the upper layer, and an oxide layer overlies the upper layer and the edge termination zone. A process for forming a silicon die having improved edge termination. The process comprises forming an upper layer comprising doped silicon of a first conduction type on a heavily doped silicon substrate, and forming an edge termination zone that comprises a layer of a material having a higher critical electric field than silicon at an upper surface of the upper layer.

Abstract: A microelectronic assembly includes a first microelectronic element including contacts on a contact-bearing face and a second microelectronic element confronting the first microelectronic element. The assembly also has a plurality of vertically extended signal leads electrically interconnecting the first and second microelectronic elements, and a plurality of vertically extended straps attached to the first and second microelectronic elements, whereby the straps are shorter than the signal leads for limiting vertical movement of the first and second microelectronic elements away from one another.

Abstract: An exposed I/O terminal is disposed on a side of an IC package according to the present invention. This IC package includes an IC chip mounting substrate, an IC chip mounted on the IC chip mounting substrate, and an encapsulating member for encapsulating the IC chip. On a side of the chip mounting substrate is formed a trench for exposing the conductor that forms at least a portion of the I/O terminal, and one end of this trench is closed by a cap member, and the encapsulating member covers the IC chip and cap member. Ceramic material may be used as a material for the chip mounting substrate and cap member. Alternatively, the chip mounting substrate may be comprised of a printed wiring board, while the cap member may be formed of a solder resist film.

Abstract: A chip scale package comprised of a semiconductor die having a silicon blank laminated to its active surface. The bond pads of the die are accessed through apertures micromachined through the blank. The package may be employed with wire bonds, or solder or other conductive bumps may be placed in the blank apertures for flip-chip applications. Further, the package may be employed to reroute external connections of the die to other locations, such as a centralized ball grid array, or in an edge-connect arrangement for direct or discrete die connect (DDC) to a carrier. It is preferred that the chip scale package be formed at the wafer level, as one of a multitude of packages so formed with a wafer-level blank, and that the entire wafer be burned-in and tested to identify the known good die (KGD) before the wafer laminate is separated into individual packages.

Abstract: A tape carrier for a semiconductor device comprising a flexible insulation tape having via holes for a solder ball, a metal wiring layer formed on one surface of the insulation tape, the via halls for the solder balls having an opening on the other surface of the insulating tape, and a metal brace formed on the periphery of the opening of the respective via holes, wherein the metal brace is formed in a ring-shape provided with a cutout opening having a width up to 4% of the circumferential length of the periphery, or comprises a plurality of arcuate shape portions, such that gaps are simetorically provided and positioned between the arcuate shape portions,, and that the total width of the gaps is up to 40% of the circumferential length of the periphery, and wherein the metal braces have a surface to which Ni plating is applied, and Au plating is applied to the Ni plating.

Abstract: In forming a semiconductor device in which an electrically conductive substrate is covered with a dielectric layer by the following steps, form a trench with a trench line on top and a contact hole on the bottom in the dielectric layer with the overall trench reaching down to the substrate. Preclean the trench. Form a tantalum film over the dielectric layer including the trench walls, covering the exposed the substrate surface. Fill grain boundaries of the tantalum film with at least one of tantalum oxide and tantalum nitride forming a filled tantalum film. Form a redeposited tantalum layer above the filled tantalum film. Form a copper seed film above the redeposited tantalum film. Plate the device filling the trench with a plated bulk copper layer on the seed film. Planarize the device to expose the top surface of the dielectric layer, removing surplus portions of the filled tantalum film, the copper seed film, and the bulk copper layer.

Abstract: A microelectronic assembly includes a microelectronic element having a first surface including a central region and a peripheral region surrounding the central region, the microelectronic element including a plurality of contacts disposed in the central region. The microelectronic assembly also includes a compliant layer over the peripheral region of the first surface, the compliant layer having a bottom surface facing toward the first surface of the microelectronic element, a top surface facing upwardly away from the microelectronic element and one or more edge surfaces extending between the top and bottom surfaces. A plurality of flexible bond ribbons are disposed over the compliant layer so that the bond ribbons extend over the top surface and one or more of the edge surfaces and the bond ribbons electrically connect the contacts to conductive terminals overlying the top surface of the compliant layer.

Abstract: A color slide fastener and a method and apparatus for fabricating the same are disclosed.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a method for molding a resin-molded article having an excellent surface appearance without any resin-intrusion part on the front surface of a skin thereof. In the invention, the skin is placed on a part of a inner wall of a mold and then injecting a synthetic resin into a cavity of the mold to effect an integral molding of a resin-molded article having the skin on a part thereof, wherein a mold having a first gate on a first inner wall part located on the part other than the back surface of the skin placed on the inner wall of said mold and a second gate on a second inner wall part which faces the back surface of the skin placed on the inner wall is employed; and wherein the synthetic resin is first injected from said first gate until the tip portion of the synthetic resin comes close to the edge of said skin, and then the synthetic resin is injected from the second gate.

Abstract: A surface lining system wherein an ultra low density polyethylene film is used as a lining material for cups, containers, caps and other plastic parts, the film having the property to elongate in a substantially uniform fashion in all directions at the same time and in relatively the same proportion.

Abstract: A method for molding integrated circuit packages including a semiconductor integrated circuit chip and a lead frame with a plurality of leads is disclosed. The method employs a device formed of top and bottom mold dies having intermating teeth that provide a sealed mold cavity around the integrated circuit chip and the lead frame leads. The teeth of at least one of said mold dies are formed with inclined surfaces that assist in compensating for any misalignment between the lead frame and the dies.

Abstract: A mold box for producing a plurality of masonry units with a roughened texture side face, the mold box including a plurality of side walls defining a mold cavity open at its top and bottom, adapted to receive masonry fill material by way of its open top, and to discharge molded fill material in the form of a molded masonry unit of predetermined height by way of its open bottom; and a division member spanning between two of the side walls to define two subcavities in the mold box, the division member comprising a grate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for production of a sintered oxide ceramic of composition CexMyDzO2-a with dense structure without open porosity or with a predetermined porosity. The first doping element M is at least one element of the group consisting of the rare earths but M≢Ce, alkali and earth alkali metals. The educts are used with a second doping element D of at least one metal of the group consisting of Cu, Co, Fe, Ni and Mn, in the submicron particle size or as a salt solution, and sintered at a temperature in the range of 750-1250° C. into an oxide ceramic with extremely fine structure of a grain size of maximum around 0.5 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling the flow of molten material from a melt container. The apparatus includes a tubular insert sized for insertion into a tap hole formed in a sidewall of the melt container and a rod receivable within the insert. A cooling device is provided to cool the rod to a temperature below the temperature of the molten material. The rod is axially movable within the insert between a first position wherein the rod is positioned within the tubular insert for cooling a portion of the molten material located at the first end of the insert to form a plug and stop the flow of molten material through the passageway, and a second position wherein the rod is spaced from the first end of the insert to allow the plug to melt and start the flow of molten material through the passageway. A method for trapping gases emitted during the melt and tapping processes is also disclosed.

Abstract: A torsional vibration damper for a hydrodynamic clutch device particularly for coupling a turbine wheel hub with a turbine wheel shell and/or for coupling a lockup clutch arrangement with a turbine wheel, includes a primary side and a secondary side which is rotatable about an axis of rotation with respect to the primary side against the action of a damper element arrangement. A radial bearing arrangement is arranged for radially supporting the primary side and secondary side with respect to one another. For this purpose, the radial bearing arrangement is arranged radially outside of the damper element arrangement.

Abstract: A brush seal is comprised of arcuate seal segments having ends cut in a radial direction with bristles “canted” at an approximate 45° angle relative to radii of the segments, leaving triangular regions adjacent one end of each segment devoid of bristles at the segment interfaces. The brush seals are retrofit into conventional labyrinth seals with the backing plate for the bristles comprising a labyrinth tooth profile extending fully 360° about the seal, including those areas where bristles are not present. The sealing capacity is not substantially degraded, while affording significant sealing improvements over conventional labyrinth seals. Additionally, when retrofit into labyrinth seals with radial movement, the individual labyrinth seal segments are free to move radially independently of one another during transients.

Abstract: Sealing arrangement between relatively rotatable components that includes a first component having a cylindrical circumferential surface on one of an interior and exterior circumference, and a second component having a ring groove open toward the circumferential surface. A ring-shaped carrier is arranged to be displaceable in the ring groove, a centering rod is arranged to guide the ring-shaped carrier on the circumferential surface, and a radial lip seal is arranged to rest against the circumferential surface in an elastic manner. An axial seal is arranged to rest against a side wall of the ring groove, and an anti-twisting device is coupled to the ring-shaped carrier and arranged to enable a limited range of motion in all directions of a radial plane.

Abstract: A skate which includes a shoe having a first frame and a second frame for supporting one or more wheels. The first frame and the second frame, or the sole of the shoe, are articulated in a region which lies approximately below the metatarsus of the foot in order to allow better flexing. An adjustable fork means is also provided between the first frame and the sole and is adapted to force the planar arrangement of the shoe once thrusting has ended.

Abstract: A two-wheeled dolly for better load balancing of high-profile loads and for use for more easily ramping up or down stairs so as to alleviate user strain and injury. The two-wheeled dolly comprises an L-shaped frame for supporting the load, an extendable handle which may be reversed to allow the user to more easily descend stairs with a load, and a pair of bicycle-type wheels each having a diameter in the range of about 16 inches to about 30 inches, a diameter of 23 inches being highly preferred for such stair use. The axle is more often under the load using the larger wheels, with better load balancing. Friction-type hand brakes may also be provided to more easily control and maneuver the two-wheeled dolly.

Abstract: An all-terrain bicycle is comprised of a bicycle frame having a front and a rear fork to which is removably secured a front and a rear wheel. Each wheel has a circular rim which is interconnected to the hub by spokes. The rear wheel has sprockets secured to the central hub and which is interconnected to a driving sprocket by a chain or other such belt-like drive connector. Each of the rims is provided with a surface engaging support shoes assembly to provide support of the bicycle on a surface. Such bicycles are particularly useful for riding on soft and also irregular surfaces which are deformable such as sand, snow or the like.

Abstract: A covering over a grasped metal wheel-rotating hand rim of a wheelchair which keeps the user's typical indoor 90 degrees F. hand temperature at or near this temperature to provide a comfortable warm-to-the-touch feeling and, conversely, obviating a cold-to-the-touch feeling characteristic of an uncovered hand rim.

Abstract: A foldable powered mobility device includes an actuator for providing an output signal in response to movement of the actuator by a user of the device. A central processing unit receives the signal correlating to the actuator angle of articulation and the direction of articulation and creates a series of signals to independently drive motors, thereby controlling the speed, direction and travel of the mobility aid to that desired by the operator. The central processing unit also receives signals from tachometers monitoring the speed and direction of travel for each wheel. The central processing unit creates an independent signal to control the speed and direction of travel of each of the right and left drive motors. By independently driving each drive motor, the mobility aid is powered in the desired direction at the desired speed.

Abstract: An air bag apparatus for a passenger seat has reduced deploying speed and reduces the impact of the air bag on an occupant moving forward at the time of a crash of a vehicle. A gas generator is disposed in a case of the air bag apparatus, extending in a fore-to-aft direction relative to the vehicle. The gas generator case contains a cylindrical inflator extending in the fore-to-aft direction. An air bag is disposed in the apparatus case, folded in a predetermined manner. An inner bag for controlling gas flow is disposed in the air bag, folded in a predetermined manner. An auxiliary inner bag is sewed to an outside surface of a bag of the inner bag. When the inner bag is inflated and deployed, the bag of the inner bag presses a portion of the air bag against the windshield, and the auxiliary inner bag presses another portion of the air bag against the instrument panel.

Abstract: A one-piece device of elastomeric material for holding an instrument 20 such as a pen on a wearer's hand comprises a strap 10 for attaching around the wearer's hand and a formation 11 on the strap for engaging the instrument 20. In use, the band is slipped over the user's fingers and around the palm of the hand.

Abstract: A panel fixation member of a bracket 31 for attaching a sun visor to a roof panel 33 has a pair of division walls 51a, 51b divided by slits S that divide lengthwise a surrounding wall formed substantially in a shape of a cylinder, and it is composed of a grommet screw 51 of which the diameter is expanded by insertion of a first conductive screw 43 into its inner surrounding portion in a state where it is inserted into a fitting hole 33a of the roof panel 33 thereby to be tightened in relation to the fitting hole 33a. Further, a protective wall 51c is extendedly provided for both side edges of the division wall 51 a facing the slits S, which covers slit openings on a side face of the grommet screw 51 by extending in a flexible direction of the division wall 51b.

Abstract: A retainer clip assembly for securing a sun visor interiorly in an automobile. The retainer clip assembly includes a movable lever attached thereto which secures the retainer clip assembly to a vehicle ceiling panel. The lever includes a release member which is accessible from the exterior of the retainer clip, so that the lever may be disengaged and the retainer clip removed. A transportation clip is disclosed for use with the retainer clip assembly. The transportation clip connects the retainer clip to a headliner module during transportation to the final point of assembly. At the final point of assembly, the retainer clip can be pushed into its installed position and the transportation clip is concealed within the retainer clip and need not be removed.

Abstract: A protective apparatus intended to be applied to an exterior portion of a vehicle, including a method for such application. The invention is a series of sheets or panels affixed to previously-determined places along the front nose of a vehicle to protect the paint and finish located at such areas. Specifically, the sheets are constructed of a polyvinyl chloride material in the preferred mode, and may be designed to be placed beneath a halter or “bra” cover of a vehicle, so as to protect the paint from damage caused by the halter. Such damage is commonly due to the vinyl, plastic, nylon, or cotton halter constantly rubbing against the vehicle exterior during vibration and wind. Thus, strips or pieces of the polyvinyl chloride material are specially placed upon the vehicle to provide a much-needed barrier between the halter and paint.

Abstract: A utility vehicle is provided with a load carrying platform at a rear portion of the vehicle. A cabin frame is mounted around a driver's seat and an engine is placed under the load carrying platform behind the driver's seat. A bonnet extends in front of the driver's seat, the bonnet being opening away from and closed toward the driver's seat. A storage case having an open, upper portion is provided to be closed by the bonnet. The storage case bonnet prevents the entry of rainwater into the storage case in spite of the large dimensions of the storage case, and permits inserting and withdrawing articles easily from the storage case from the driver's seat.

Abstract: The base member 7 composing a portion of the bracket 1 of the present invention includes: an fitting section 2 engaged with an attachment opening of the roof trim which is an interior wall member on the reverse face of the substantially elliptical base plate 6; an elastic fitting section 3, which is elongated and is curved into a plane arc shape, elastically engaged with a peripheral edge of the attachment opening on the fitting section 2 opposed with respect to the opening 8; and a flange section 4 coming into contact with an upper face of the roof trim 35. The cross-section of this elastic fitting section 3 is a substantial U-shape. The flexible piece 3a, in which a space for bend is formed, is vertically arranged outside at the base bottom section in such a manner that the flexible piece 3a rises upward.

Abstract: Metallic clips are provided on the endless track of a snowmobile equipped with one or more elongated slide runners forming part of its suspension system. The clips are formed with a first portion adapted to be slidably and frictionally contacted by the slide runners during rotation of the track and with a second portion extending slightly above profiles integrally formed on the outer surface of the track so that heat generated as a result of the sliding friction of the runners on the clips is transferred directly to the snow or ice over which the snowmobile travels so as to cool the clips.

Abstract: A device for setting the length of a top link (7) of an attaching device of a tractor (1) has a piston/cylinder unit (14) for length setting purposes. The piston/cylinder (14) has a displacement sensor (20) which records the respective actual length setting of the top link (7). The displacement sensor (20) generates an actual proportional length signal. A lift position sensor (13) is provided which generates an electric signal representing the respective actual lift position of the lower steering arms (4). A nominal length setting of the top link (7), which refers to the respective actual lift position, can be stored in a storage unit (33). When a new actual lift position is reached during the automatic mode of operation, it is possible to generate an electric control signal which corresponds to the nominal length setting of the top link (7). The signal is transmitted to the comparator of a control unit (34). The comparator compares the control signal with the actual length signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to linear electric machines, capable of converting electrical current into mechanical work or mechanical work into electrical current. More specifically, this invention relates to an electric machine having a ferromagnetic vessel containing a single-pole magnetic field, end caps for reflecting magnetic energy and a shaft having an electromagnetic coil which moves relative to the magnetic field.

Abstract: The invention proceeds from a geared motor, specifically a windshield wiper motor for a vehicle, with an electric motor enclosed by a motor housing, with a gear located on the drive shaft of the electric motor enclosed by a gear housing and with a brush mounting plate to hold brushes, where there is at least one ground brush connected to ground. The invention is characterized by the presence of a connector element at the brush mounting plate, which has at least one brush locator to accept an electrical connection with the ground brush and at least one ground locator to accept an element connected to ground.

Abstract: In order to provide a roll connector structure for a vehicle in which there is no complicated or complex wiring in the steering wheel and the space within the steering wheel can be utilized efficiently, a roll connector structure for a vehicle including a stator side casing which is fixed to a steering column, a rotor side casing which is mounted to the stator side casing and rotates integrally with a steering wheel, and a cable which is accommodated between the stator side casing and the rotor side casing, wherein at least one steering switch is connected to the rotor side casing without wiring, is provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacture and a piezoelectric transducer are provided having a housing whose interior contains a piezoelectric element having radially spaced surfaces which undergo relative shear and produce an electrical signal in response thereto, an outer radial surface of the piezoelectric element being soldered to the interior of the housing, and an inner radial surface of the piezoelectric element is soldered to the outer surface of a stress/strain transmitting element. The solder alloy used shrinks less than →2.5% solidification. The subassembly made up of the piezoelectric element and the stress/strain transmitting element is provided with a passage to permit escape of gas from a chamber above the piezoelectric member which may be present from vapors attendant soldering.

Abstract: A cabinet is formed by fitting a protruding portion 21 on a rear cabinet 2 side to an inner side of an edge portion 12 of an opening on a front cabinet 1 side. Convex portions 4 provided at a plurality of positions on the obverse surface of the protruding portion 21 form a gap between the obverse surface of the protruding portion 21 and the reverse surface of the edge portion 12 of the opening at the fitted portion. The top portion of each of the convex portion 4 is formed in a tapered or arcuate shape. The convex portion 4 may be formed of a pair of projections provided at two adjacent positions.

Abstract: There is provided a lamp unit for light radiating type heating device which allows efficient cooling of the lamps, and the temperature increase of a semiconductor wafer irradiated with the lamp unit is faster than in the prior art without the need of a complicated and large cooling structure.

Abstract: Mask in a color cathode ray tube, including electron beam pass through holes with bridges connected to non-hole portions between the beam pass through holes in a width direction, wherein a thickness of the bridge of the mask facing an electron gun is formed thinner than other portions of the mask, thereby attenuating howling and enhancing a luminance.

Abstract: Color cathode ray tube including a panel in front portion of the cathode ray tube, and a shadow mask spaced from, and fitted to rear of the panel for selecting a color from electron beams, wherein at least one of an inside surface of the panel and the shadow mask have a curvature structure in which a radius of curvature varies continuously within a fixed ratio range, thereby enhancing a strength and improving howling.