Abstract: An inactive gas is introduced into an organic material evaporation source to place a thin organic film material in the organic material evaporation source in an atmosphere having a relatively high pressure, and the temperature of the thin organic film material is increased up to a certain temperature. Then, the organic material evaporation source is evacuated to lower the pressure around the thin organic film material for thereby causing the thin organic film material to emit a vapor. Since no wasteful vapor is emitted from the thin organic film material, the thin organic film material is effectively utilized. Because the inactive gas acts as a heating medium, the temperature of the thin organic film material is increased at a high rate, and the thin organic film material is uniformly heated. When the temperature of the thin organic film material is lowered in an inactive gas atmosphere, it can be lowered at a high rate.

Abstract: A novel plasma treatment system (200). The plasma treatment system has a chamber (14), where a vacuum is maintained. The system also has a susceptor disposed within an interior region in the chamber. The susceptor (i.e., electrostatic chuck) is adapted to secure a work piece thereon. The system has an rf source (40) disposed overlying the susceptor. The rf source provides an inductive discharge to form a plasma from a gas within the chamber. Magnetic sources (207), (209) are selectively applied to the plasma discharge. In a specific embodiment, a first magnetic source (207) is disposed surrounding the susceptor in the chamber. The first magnetic source provides focused magnetic field lines toward the susceptor. A second magnetic source (209) is disposed surrounding the susceptor, where the second magnetic source provides focussed magnetic field lines toward the susceptor.

Abstract: A cooling circuit for a vehicle engine, traveled by fluid under pump action, comprises a cooling branch with a radiator associated with a motor-driven fan unit, and a heating branch containing an air heater. A first device establishes a hot-starting state of the engine as a function of chosen conditions; and a second device, active in this hot-starting state, controls the speed of the pump and the speed of the motor-driven fan unit under chosen conditions, as a function of a first magnitude representative of the temperature of the fluid and of a second magnitude representative of the heating demand.

Abstract: An inboard gasoline marine engine for small water craft comprises a two cylinder horizontally opposed four stroke engine. The engine includes a massive crank shaft rotationally mounted in the crank case of the engine. A small flywheel is connected to one end of the crank shaft. The flywheel additionally drives the propulsion system used along with the engine. The fly wheel is typically disposed at the back of the engine, although positioning the flywheel in the front position would also be possible. A large bore cylinder (4¼ in.) is disposed in each cylinder jug. Reciprocating in each cylinder is a large diameter piston that has a long stroke (5 in.). Each piston is connected to the crank shaft through a long connecting rod (10 in.). The engine is capable of operating at very low RPM's. The engine also produces high torques at low speeds. The engine is of a size that minimizes the space occupied by the engine within the small water craft.

Abstract: A variable compression-ratio, multiple-link type reciprocating internal combustion engine has at least three links, namely an upper link, a lower link and a third link, for each engine cylinder. The upper link is connected to a piston pin, the lower link connects the upper link to a crank pin, and the third link is pivoted at one end to a body of the engine and connected at its other end to either of the upper and lower links to permit oscillating motion of the third link on the engine body.

Abstract: A gas exchange valve control for internal combustion engines includes an electromagnetic actuator equipped with gas springs. The gas exchange valve control has an armature, which drives the gas exchange valve and is arranged to oscillate between stroke-separated switching magnets against the gas springs. The armature serving as the separating piston between the gas springs is moveable without friction in a closed armature stroke space. A housing-like yoke, which encloses the armature stroke space, including the adjacent switching magnets, exhibits between the switching magnets a device which serves to shorten the respective magnetic circuit of the respective switching magnet.

Abstract: An apparatus controls valve timing of an internal combustion engine that is provided with helical splines of an actuator for varying a phase difference in rotation and an actuator for varying a cam profile and lift of an intake cam. When the apparatus for controlling valve timing and respective actuators are not driven, a valve timing can be automatically established, which can achieve a cold valve overlap &thgr;ov. Carburetion of fuel can be promoted in the combustion chamber and intake ports by the blow-back of exhaust resulting from the cold valve overlap &thgr;ov. A mixture is made into a sufficient air-fuel ratio without depending on an increase in fuel when cold idling, wherein combustion is stabilized still more than in a case where valve overlap is not increased, cold hesitation can be prevented from occurring, and drivability can be maintained in a comparatively favorable state.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes two intake side solenoid driving valve mechanisms for opening and closing intake valves by cooperation of an electromagnetic coil and a spring, and/or two exhaust side solenoid driving valve mechanisms for opening and closing exhaust valves provided on each cylinder. A controller commands a driving circuit to cause the valve-opening timing of the exhaust valves or the intake valves to be different.

Abstract: A valve timing control device for securing a rotor to a cam shaft wherein a bolt member is used which is to be coupled thereto is disclosed. The bolt member has a built-in spool valve. Between the spool valve and a rod of an electromagnetic actuator, there is provided an adjusting member for controlling axial displacement of the spool valve. Such a structure facilitates an assembly operation of the valve timing control device.

Abstract: A hydraulic camshaft-adjusting device of the rotary piston type that includes of a drive gear (2) directly connected to a crankshaft and an impeller that is directly connected to a camshaft (3). The drive gear (2) has a cavity formed from a perimeter wall (5) and two side walls (5, 6) inside of which at least one hydraulic working chamber is formed from at least two boundary walls. The impeller has at least one radial vane (12) and each vane (12) divides one hydraulic work chamber into two hydraulic pressure chambers. The outer end (18) of each vane (12) of the impeller is pressed radially against the perimeter wall (5) of the drive gear (2) as a result of the force of a spring element (17) located at the inner end (15) of the vane.

Abstract: A valve train for a small size diesel engine includes a pair of camshafts rotatively supported by and passing over a top of a cylinder head, one pair of intake and exhaust cams on each camshaft for each cylinder, two intake ports and two exhaust ports formed on the cylinder head over and around a bore center of each cylinder for communicating with the cylinder bore, two intake valves and two exhaust valves installed into the corresponding ports for selectively opening and closing the ports, rocker arms of which one end of each is connected to upper ends of the corresponding valves, and lash adjusters connected to other ends of the corresponding rocker arms for adjusting lash between the rocker arms and the cams, wherein the intake and exhaust ports are arranged in an alternative zigzag fashion.

Abstract: A valve cam mechanism for a four-cycle engine includes an improved construction. The engine includes at least one camshaft having cam lobes to activate at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve. The camshaft defines an aperture next to at least one of the cam lobes. The aperture extends generally normal to an axis of the camshaft. A decompression mechanism is provided for manual starting of the engine. The decompression mechanism includes a shaft extending through the aperture. An actuator is affixed to the shaft for pivotal movement about an axis of the shaft. The actuator has a first section arranged to hold the intake or exhaust valve in an open position when the actuator exists in an initial position. A second section is arranged to initially retain the actuator in the initial position and to release the actuator from the initial position when the camshaft rotates. The shaft is rigidly supported by an inner surface of the aperture in part.

Abstract: An installation structure for an oil control valve, wherein a timing chain transmitting rotation of a crankshaft of an engine to camshafts is arranged, and a chain cover is installed on the engine so as to cover the timing chain. A cooling fan rotated by the crankshaft is located forward of a front part of the chain cover 14. An oil control valve which supplies oil delivered from an oil pump to an oil pressure actuator of an oil pressure control unit is mounted to a front part of the chain cover within the rotational trace of the cooling fan.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has an oil cooler arranged in a water tank of a cylinder crankcase, with cooling water from a cooling water circuit flowing through the water tank. To improve the cold start properties of an internal combustion engine, without increasing the installation space, while also permitting subsequent retrofitting, an electric heating element is arranged in the water tank.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine with improved reciprocating action comprises at least one hollow cylinder inside which there is provided a chamber for the activity of a working fluid, the cylinder having an end which is closed by a head provided with intake and exhaust valves for the fluid and an opposite end which is closed by a piston which can slide with a reciprocating rectilinear motion in the chamber, and a device for converting the reciprocating rectilinear motion of the piston into a rotary motion of an engine shaft which is constituted by at least one pusher rod which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the engine shaft and has a first end which is associated with the piston and a second end which is provided with pusher elements, and by at least one shaped eccentric element which is keyed on the shaft and on which there is provided a circuit element whose path can be traced by the pusher elements which are mechanically coupled thereto, the activity of the fluid in the chamber be

Abstract: A method for generating a homogeneous mixture for auto-ignition internal combustion engines and for controlling the combustion process, the internal combustion engine having an injection system and at least one cylinder/piston unit connected to an intake device, includes the steps of:

Abstract: A butterfly valve assembly includes a valve shaft supported by a bearing so as to rotate around its longitudinal axis and having a first end and a second end, an actuator connected to the first end of the valve shaft, and a valve-opening sensor connected to the second end of the valve shaft and having a return spring therein that applies a force to the valve shaft perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis. The return spring disposed in the valve-opening sensor continuously applies its resilient force to both ends of the valve shaft in one direction, so that the valve shaft can be restricted in its free movement within the bearing, therefore the rattling noise, due to the vibration of the valve shaft within the bearing, can be prevented.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine. At least one of a plurality of spark plugs 4 and 5 attached to each of cylinders 2A, 2B, 3B, and 3A is a self-cleaning spark plug A.

Abstract: There is provided an air flow meter for detecting the flow rate of air, an electronically controlled throttle for opening and closing a throttle valve and a calculating device to which a target engine intake air flow rate, a value detected by the air flow meter, the position of a throttle valve detected by a throttle position sensor, and a value detected by an engine speed sensor are input. The calculating device calculates a time constant of a delay of response of the air flow rate into the engine, and a air flow rate passing through the throttle valve to compensate for the delay of response, and drives the throttle valve such that the flow rate of air passing through the throttle valve agrees with the calculated value.

Abstract: A premixed charge compression ignition engine, and a control system, is provided which effectively initiates combustion by compression ignition and maintains stable combustion while achieving extremely low nitrous oxide emissions, good overall efficiency and acceptable combustion noise and cylinder pressures. The present engine and control system effectively controls the combustion history, that is, the time at which combustion occurs, the rate of combustion, the duration of combustion and/or the completeness of combustion, by controlling the operation of certain control variables providing temperature control, pressure control, control of the mixture's autoignition properties and equivalence ratio control. The combustion control system provides active feedback control of the combustion event and includes a sensor, e.g. pressure sensor, for detecting an engine operating condition indicative of the combustion history, e.g. the start of combustion, and generating an associated engine operating condition signal.

Abstract: A fuel feed module for a motor vehicle has a storage container adapted to be arranged in a fuel supply tank of a motor vehicle, a feed aggregate arranged in the storage container and having a drive formed as an electric motor for driving fuel from the storage container to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, means forming at least approximately hollow cylindrical receptacle arranged on the storage container, formed so that the feed aggregate is insertable into the receptacle in direction of its longitudinal axis, at least one mounting element fixed in the feed aggregate in direction of its longitudinal axis, the mounting element being formed as a cover part arranged on the feed aggregate and being at least partially electrically conductive.

Abstract: An evaporated fuel treatment device in which performance of a canister can be improved, with the result that efficiency in treatment of evaporated fuel can be enhanced and the like. In the evaporated fuel treatment device, a purge control valve, conventionally disposed on a purge passage, is removed, such that the canister is directly subject to a negative pressure generated on the side of an inlet pipe at the time of starting of an engine. Consequently, a great attraction force acts on the evaporated fuel adsorbed within the canister. Also, by restricting a flow of air introduced into the canister by means of a flow control valve, the negative pressure applied to the canister can further be increased. As a result, in the evaporated fuel treatment device of the invention, the amount of the evaporated fuel which can be desorbed from the canister is larger than that of a conventional device.

Abstract: A thin strip-shaped grindstone 12 is held flat under tension and moved backwards and forwards in the longitudinal direction, while the grindstone is moved in a direction perpendicular to a cylindrical ingot 1 and cuts the ingot. A metal-bonded grindstone is used as the strip-shaped grindstone 12, at least one pair of electrodes 23 are disposed adjacent to both surfaces of the metal-bonded grindstone one on each side of the ingot. The metal-bonded grindstone is made the positive electrode and DC voltage pulses are applied between the grindstone and the electrodes, and at the same time, a conducting processing fluid 25 is fed to the gaps between the metal-bonded grindstone and the electrodes, and both surfaces of the metal-bonded grindstone are dressed electrolytically on both sides while the cylindrical ingot is being cut by the metal-bonded grindstone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a charcoal cooker being easy to kindle a charcoal and to adjust heat applied to food in cooking. The charcoal cooker comprises: a charcoal burning part for containing and burning charcoal; a cooking part for cooking food by use of heat emitted from the charcoal burning part, a housing for defining an inner space with a top opening; an inner dish arranged on a bottom of said housing for receiving filth and defining said charcoal burning part; a fuel rack arranged at a position spaced from a bottom of said inner dish and in said inner dish; a support means adapted to support a food holder over said fuel rack; and a food holder lifting means adapted to adjust a gap between said fuel rack and said food holder supported by said support means by displacing said support means.

Abstract: A burner case (14) has at least one burner (11) therein and has an upper surface (12) formed with at least one opening (13). A flame produced by the burner (11) is introduced externally through the opening (13) for heating an object put on the upper surface (12) of the burner case (14). The upper surface (12) of the burner case (14) is formed along the opening (13) with an upwardly projecting louver (15). The louver acts as a windshield for the flame. For instance, the opening (13) is an annular opening, and the louver (15) is formed in inclination along the annular opening at an outer edge of the annular opening.

Abstract: Thermally-inhibited starches and flours which are functionally equivalent to chemically-crosslinked starches are prepared by a process which comprises the steps of dehydrating a granular starch or flour to anhydrous or substantially anhydrous (<1% moisture) and heat treating the dehydrated starch or flour for a time and at a temperature sufficient to inhibit the starch, (e.g., 120-180° C. for up to 20 hours). Preferably the pH of the starch is adjusted to neutral or greater (e.g., pH 8-9.5) prior to the dehydration. The dehydration may be a thermal dehydration carried out simultaneously with the heat treatment or a non-thermal dehydration carried out by extraction with a solvent (e.g., ethanol) or by freeze drying.

Abstract: A conduit connectible in a fluid transfer system to provide for the through flow of a fluid moving between a transfer device and internal patient includes a transmission line incorporated therewith having a distal end for signal communication with a signal generator and a proximal end connected to a terminal on a mating surface of a female connector and arranged thereon to establish a signal transmission path with a terminal on a mating surface of a second conduit, such as a port of the fluid transfer device, as the mating surfaces engage to establish fluid communication between the conduit and the port.

Abstract: A laryngeal mask of the type used to facilitate lung ventilation and the insertion of endotracheal tubes or related medical instruments through a patient's laryngeal opening as used during general anesthesia, intensive care, or critical patient care. The mask includes an inflatable positioning shield formed to fit within a patients oropharynx and seal around the circumference of the laryngeal opening, the shield having an inflatable annular toroid peripheral portion, a contoured rear portion, and a recessed front. The mask also includes a flexible respiratory tube having a proximal end lumen, a gently curved tubular body of sufficient size to permit passage of endotracheal tubes, and related medical instruments, and a distal end passing through and secured to the proximal edge of the annular toroid peripheral portion.

Abstract: A bruxism appliance and a method of forming a bruxism appliance is described for providing a patient and a dentist with a visual indication of the degree of bruxism by the patient. The invention teaches the application of an abradable composition to the nonretaining/opposing dentition contacting surfaces of the appliance in order that specific wear patterns can be observed on the appliance following use by a patient.

Abstract: A device and method for treatment of a tissue specimen disposed in surrounding tissue has a tissue specimen isolating tool and a tissue specimen damager. The tissue specimen isolating tool isolates the tissue specimen from the surrounding tissue. The tissue specimen damager damages the tissue, with a possible end result being necrosis. The severing tool may have a cutting member that is extendable to an outwardly radially bowed position about device. The tissue specimen is isolated by rotating the cutting member about the tissue specimen. The cutting member may be functionally connected to a cutting member radio frequency generation source. The tissue specimen damager may damage the tissue specimen using ionizing radiation, cutting devices, thermal treatment devices, chemical treatment devices, or sealing an outer boundary of the tissue specimen.

Abstract: A medical device (1) of a biocompatible material for use in the treatment of a gap or defect in the central nervous system, which device has a proximal end (5) and a distal end (6) comprising openings (7). The device is adapted to enable connection of nerve fibers of gray and white matter between the proximal end (5) and distal end (6) thereof in predetermined openings (7). The device is of a substantially cylindrical form, or a substantially flat or plate like form and is made of plastic. The openings (7) in at least one end (5, 6) bear distinctively different indicia thereby to indicate whether nerve fibers of gray matter or nerve fibers of white matter are to be inserted therein.

Abstract: A mass flow of filter rod sections for assembly with plain cigarettes into filter cigarettes is advanced along a path wherein the filter rod sections move sideways between upper and lower sets of adjustable microwave modules prior to entering a variable-capacity magazine for temporary storage of filter rod sections ahead of a processing machine, such as a filter cigarette maker. The modules serve to rapidly dry a softening agent, such as triacetin, which is sprayed onto the filter material (such as filaments of cellulose acetate) of the filter rod sections. Rapid drying is desirable because this renders it possible to shorten the periods of dwell of filter rod sections in the magazine and allows for a reduction of the size of the magazine.

Abstract: The compact (1) comprises a lid (2), a hollow base (3) typically comprising, using an intermediate grid (4), a recipient (5), a hinge (7) and a clasp (8), “upper” sealing means attached to said lid and “lower” sealing means attached to said base, said sealing means co-operating when said compact is closed, and is characterised in that:

Abstract: A sandwich-type product applicator (1) includes a support (2) defining an applicator portion (4) and a gripping portion (6). The support is semi-rigid and the gripping portion is covered, at least in part, by a layer (16a) of a first soft spongy material. The flexibility of the first material is greater than the flexibility of the support.

Abstract: Dirt, particularly of inorganic matter, attached to a substrate, such as a glass substrate for liquid crystal devices, is effectively removed by irradiating the substrate with ultraviolet rays including 184.9 nm and 253.7 nm in an oxygen-containing atmosphere in advance of wet cleaning with pure water. As a result, the wet cleaning time and the amount of pure water can be reduced.

Abstract: The invention encompasses methods for cleaning surfaces of wafers or other semiconductor articles. Oxidizing is performed using an oxidation solution which is wetted onto the surface. The oxidation solution can include one or more of: water, ozone, hydrogen chloride, sulfric acid, or hydrogen peroxide. A rinsing step removes the oxidation solution and inhibits further activity. The rinsed surface is thereafter preferably subjected to a drying step. The surface is exposed to an oxide removal vapor to remove semiconductor oxide therefrom. The oxide removal vapor can include one or more of: acids, such as a hydrogen halide, for example hydrogen fluoride or hydrogen chloride; water; isopropyl alcohol; or ozone. The processes can use centrifugal processing and spraying actions.

Abstract: A method for removing from at least single-layer webs of material, particles formed by slitting devices which are arranged along a web travel path in a slitting zone, includes generating a suction zone associated with the slitting devices in accordance with the position of a cutting location; a device for performing the method; a jobbing web-fed rotary printing machine including the device; and a newspaper rotary printing machine including the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a household dishwasher, said dishwasher comprising a washing compartment, which is filled by a fresh water supply line, said supply line being provided with an inlet valve, a circulating pump that is connected to the washing compartment on the suction side and to at least one spray device on the delivery side; an evacuation pump, which is connected to the washing compartment on the suction side and to a discharge line on the delivery side, and a program control device, which also contains control units for controlling the pumps. The aim of the invention is to provide a simple way of partially replacing the washing liquid without any unnecessary consumption of water or energy. To this end, both pumps are operated in order to partially replace the washing liquid and the quantity of washing liquid to be pumped out and replaced is determined using the speed of the variable-speed circulating pump.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for drying semiconductor wafers, includes the controlled-rate extraction of a wafer immersed in rinsing liquid, irradiation of the wafer using high intensity lights or filaments along the wafer-liquid interface, and delivery of gas streams against the wafer along the wafer-liquid interface using a gas delivery system. Heating is controlled to create a temperature gradient without evaporating rinsing fluid adhering to surfaces of the wafer. Heating by the radiation sources creates a temperature gradient in the wafer in the irradiated region that simultaneously generates a surface tension gradient in the water adhering to the wafer. The gas delivery system removes the bulk of the water adhering to the wafer surface, and also suppresses the height of the rinsing liquid adhering to the wafer, providing faster extraction of dry and highly clean wafers from the rinsing liquid. A solvent vapor is optionally injected at the wafer-liquid interface, to reduce adhesion of the liquid to the vapor.

Abstract: An apparatus for jetting a fluid within a tubular member. The apparatus may comprise a cylindrical member having an outer portion and an inner portion, an outer sleeve disposed about the cylindrical member forming an annulus area, and a venturi device for jetting the fluid against the inner diameter walls of the tubular string. The venturi device comprises a nozzle disposed within the cylindrical member and a throat formed within the outer sleeve. A recirculation port is formed on the outer sleeve for communicating the fluid from a second annulus area to a first annulus area adjacent the throat. Also disclosed is a method of cleaning a tubular string with a power medium. The method includes providing a wash apparatus concentrically positioned within the tubular string. The power medium may be a fluid or air. In the preferred embodiment, the power medium is a fluid.

Abstract: A wet processing device of this invention is comprised of a chemical processing tank to store chemicals for processing the surface of the wafer, a wafer conveyor device to carry the wafer in and out of the interior of the chemical processing tank, and a sensor to determine the amount of air bubbles occurring within the chemical when present within the chemical processing tank and issue a first and a second control signal, and a wash tank to store water for washing the wafer carried out from the chemical processing tank by the wafer conveyor. The rising speed of the wafer conveyor device pulled the wafer up from the chemical processing tank is controlled in response to the first control signal, and the wash tank water fill quantity for supplying water to the wash tank is controlled in response to the second control signal.

Abstract: A mechanical clutch assembly, particularly for rotary motion transmission shafts in household or professional cleaning machines. The assembly comprises a first driving disk and a second driven disk which are inserted coaxially in a transmission shaft; the first driving disk is fixed to the shaft and the second driven disk is free with respect to the shaft and is associated, so that it is free to perform a translation movement along the axis of the shaft, with a transmission coupling connected to a corresponding cleaning tool. The first and second disks have, on mutually opposite faces, first radially protruding teeth which are adapted to mesh together, so as to ensure the transmission of motion up to a preset value of the torque; the coupling, which is free with respect to the shaft, accommodates pusher elements for the second disk which are adapted to keep the second disk pushed so as to mesh with the first disk up to preset limits of transmitted torque.

Abstract: A self-anchoring beach umbrella comprising an umbrella canopy and an umbrella pole. The umbrella pole having an upper member for supporting the canopy and a lower member for self-anchoring the umbrella into a ground surface. The upper member being an elongated tubular sleeve having a first end communicating with and supporting the umbrella canopy, an axial lumen formed within the elongated tubular sleeve, and a second end for receiving a pole standard into the axial lumen. The lower member being a pole standard having a length, a first end formed for insertion into the axial lumen of the elongated tubular sleeve, and a second end formed for anchoring into the ground surface. A hammer is fixed to the elongated tubular sleeve, the hammer included for transmitting an axial force applied to the elongated tubular sleeve onto an anvil. The anvil fixed to the pole standard for receiving the axial force from the hammer and transmitting it to the pole standard to anchor the pole standard into the ground surface.

Abstract: The present invention is a thermoelectric device comprising: a thermoelectric element composed of principally thermoelectric material, a counter element adhered to said thermoelectric material, a solder layer lying between said thermoelectric element and said counter element and adhering said thermoelectric element to said counter element, a restraining layer to prevent said solder's ingredient of said solder layer from spreading into said thermoelectric element, wherein said restraining layer comprising a first layer to prevent said solder's ingredient of said solder layer from spreading into said thermoelectric element and a second layer composed of material which gets wetter than said first layer against said solder layer.

Abstract: This invention provides a complex oxide comprising the features of: (i) being represented by the formula: Ca3-xRExCo4Oy wherein RE is a rare earth element, 0≦x≦0.5 and 8.5≦y≦10, (ii) having a Seebeck coefficient of 100 &mgr;V/K or more at a temperature of 300° C. or higher, and (iii) having an electric conductivity of 103 S/m or more at a temperature of 300° C. or higher. The complex oxide is composed of low-toxicity elements, excellent in heat resistance and chemical durability and high in thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

Abstract: It is achieved to provide a solar cell in which stability at a connection portion between a circuit substrate of an electric instrument and a rear electrode, and reliability against electrostatic damage are improved, and also to provide a method of fabricating the same. A rear electrode is formed of a material containing carbon as a main ingredient. In formation of the rear electrode, a thermosetting conductive carbon paste is used and the formation is made by a printing method. Further, when the resistance values of the transparent electrode layer and the rear electrode layer are made the same level and are balanced, the resistance against electrostatic damage can be remarkably improved.

Abstract: A high-efficiency bypass function added solar cell includes a first conductivity type substrate, a second conductivity type region formed at the light receiving side of the substrate, an electrode formed at the second conductivity type region, and a region of higher concentration than the substrate, arranged in contact with both the substrate and the second conductivity type region and not in contact with the electrode. The substrate includes a reflectionless surface construction and a planer portion at the light receiving side. The reflectionless surface construction has a plurality of grid configurations, and includes a first grid portion and a second grid portion having a grid configuration differing in size from that of the first grid portion. The region of higher concentration than the substrate is formed at the first grid portion.

Abstract: Polymers comprising triarylamine substituent monomers. The polymers are products of anionic or radical polymerization of monovinylated triarylamine monomers or of ROMP polymerization of monomers comprising a triarylamine component, a linker component, and a cyclic olefin that is capable of undergoing a ring-opening polymerization reaction. The resulting polymers possess hole-transporting properties and are useful as hole transport layers in light-emitting diodes or as components of photorefractive materials.

Abstract: An injection pressure sensor (10) intended for use with a fluid source (12). The injection pressure sensor (10) has a sensor element (14) and a tube member (18). The tube member (18) creates a fluid pathway (20) between the fluid source (12) and the sensor element (14). The tube member (18) contains a collapsible portion (22), such that when the tube member (18) is bent, the fluid pathway (20) is generally closed.

Abstract: The present invention is a surface controlled gas lift valve designed for high flow rates and used in a subterranean well, comprising: a valve for sealable insertion in a mandrel, having a variable orifice which alternately permits, prohibits, or throttles fluid flow into the valve, and a detachable and/or remote actuator are disclosed. Methods of actuating the valve include electro-hydraulic, hydraulic, and pneumo-hydraulic, while sensors relay the position of the variable orifice and critical fluid pressures to a panel on the surface. The orifice valve and the actuator while operatively connected, may be separately installed in or retrieved from by either wireline or coiled tubing intervention methods.