Abstract: Magnetically actuated fluid handling devices using magnetic fluid to move one or more fluids (gases or liquids or both) through microsized flow channels are provided. Fluid handling devices include micropumps and microvalves. Magnetically actuated slugs of magnetic fluid are moved within microchannels of a microfluidic device to facilitate valving and/or pumping of fluids and no separate pump is required. The magnets used to control fluid movement can be either individual magnets moved along the flow channels or one or more arrays of magnets whose elements can be individually controlled to hold or move a magnetic slug. Fluid handling devices include those having an array of electromagnets positioned along a flow channel which are turned on and off in a predetermined pattern to move magnetic fluid slugs in desired path in the flow channel. The fluid handling devices of the present invention can handle gases and liquids simultaneously and thus can be made to be self-priming.

Abstract: A fluid supply interruption free cutting apparatus of the present invention comprises a seal-up housing and a drill. The drill has a milling cutting tool turned by a motor. The seal-up housing is of a structure suited to turn in the circumferential direction of an existing pipe. A first housing part of the seal-up housing is formed with a cutting tool insertion aperture through which the cutting tool is inserted and with a gate passage aperture through which a gate passes that is inserted for cutting off the flow of a fluid through the interior of the existing pipe after cutting of the existing pipe. The first housing part is provided with a first operation valve to open or close the gate passage aperture and with a second operation valve to open or close the cutting tool insertion aperture.

Abstract: A valve member includes a first communication passage for allowing a first passage to communicate with a first pressure chamber. When a pressure-receiving member contacts the valve member, a communication between the first communication passage and the first pressure chamber is shut. Magnetic force of a permanent magnet urges a shaft toward the pressure-receiving member. While a coil is not energized, when pressure inside a second passage rises, the pressure-receiving member leaves the valve member due to pressure difference between pressure inside the first pressure chamber and pressure inside a second pressure chamber, so that the first passage communicates with the second passage through the first communication passage. When the coil is energized, magnetic repelling force is introduced between a stator core and the permanent magnet, so that the pressure-receiving member and the shaft depart from the valve member to allow the first passage to communicate with the second passage.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for removing a slurry having shear-thinning visco-plastic rheological properties from a reservoir containing a body of the slurry of such high viscosity that removal is impractical by conventional means, such as gravity flow or suction. The method comprises creating a flow of shear-thinned slurry in a submerged region of the body of slurry to entrain adjacent slurry of high viscosity, and then transferring some of the reduced viscosity slurry from the reservoir.

Abstract: Disclosed is a valve device for a hermetic reciprocating compressor, more particularly, a valve device for a hermetic reciprocating compressor in which a seat portion of a valve plate, an intake portion and a discharge passport have an area for restraining a resonance sound and an impacting sound. The valve device of a hermetic reciprocating compressor in which an outlet valve and an keeper are fixed to one side of a valve plate, and an intake valve is coupled to a cylinder block to be closely contacted with the other side of the valve plate, is characterized in that the valve plate has an intake port which is opened/closed by a driving of the intake valve and has a diameter of 5.0-6.0 mm, a seat portion to which the intake valve is closely contacted and an external diameter of 6.2-7.2 mm, and an exhausting pass port which has a diameter of 3.5-4.5 mm.

Abstract: Flexible liners for relining fluid transport pipelines contain at least one integral conduit which has no fluid communication with either the interior of the lining of the relined pipeline, or with the inside wall of the pipeline itself. The integral but substantially fluid-isolated conduit may serve to carry telecommuncations or other cables, thus providing an economical means of introducing telecommuncations through existing pipeline infrastructure without necessitating abandonment of the fluid transport capabilities of the pipeline.

Abstract: A flexible hose having an air-permeability and formed either: by sandwiching an air-permeable tape between the tape end edge portions, as leading and trailing in the hose longitudinal direction, of a soft resin tape to be helically wound, and by winding the air-permeable tape integrally with the soft resin tape; or by winding only the air-permeable tape helically. Especially, the air-permeable flexible hose can be properly used as a cleaner hose of the discharge circulation type by using it as an outer tube of a double tube. By giving lubricating properties to the inner circumference of the outer tube or the outer circumference of the inner tube, on the other hand, it is possible to prevent the wear which might otherwise be caused by the rubbing contact.

Abstract: This invention is related to ultra-light conduit for used air and a method for construction of such a conduit with sandwich sheet type of material such as “THERMO-FOIL™” permitting to avoid losses of heat and humid air. The method of construction of a used air rectangular conduit includes the following five (5) steps: 1) cutting of a sandwich sheet 2) sealing around the sandwich sheet 3) heat formation of lengthwise channels on the surface of sandwich sheet 4) assembling the sandwich sheet into a conduit of a predetermined length and 5) installing a lengthwise vertical reinforcement into the conduit and providing a male adaptor to a fore end of the conduit which could be adapted to an aft end of a joining conduit.

Abstract: A regulator (4) works with a thread or yarn supply which is intended to provide a draw-out length of the thread or the yarn which is dependent on the one hand on the size of the supply and on the other hand on an assumed or adjusted thread tension in the draw-out thread or the draw-out yarn. A load cell (7) is arranged so as to sense the actual thread tension in the drawn-out thread and to supply to the regulator (4) information (i1) for changing the size of the thread stock when the actual thread tension deviates from the assumed or previously adjusted thread tension (the desired value). The load cell can also function as a pick monitor.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a woven zipper half a woven strip is produced of warp threads and of at least one weft thread. The weft thread is picked in the form of double pick loops. A plastic monofilament is wound to form a row of closing member-forming windings having interlocking heads at one end and winding reversing portions at the other end, wherein the closing member row is positioned on the woven strip. Additional warp threads are positioned underneath the closing member row. During weaving, at least one main knit thread is guided in the upward direction through gaps between the windings to the upper side of the closing member row to form loops with loop heads. The loop heads of the at least one main knit thread at the upper side are interlocked by crocheting. The loop heads, after crocheting, form a mesh structure covering portions of the upper side of the closure member row and interlock the closure member row with the woven strip.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for manufacturing a loop pile fabric with a varied appearance, whereby a backing fabric is woven, whereby loop weft yarns (12A), (12B) are provided outside the backing fabric, whereby loop warp yarns (1), (2), (3) are so provided that they are alternately inwoven in the backing fabric and form a pile loop (13), (14) over at least one loop weft yarn (12A), (12B), and whereby the loop weft yarns (12A), (12B) are subsequently removed. According to this invention by providing first (12A) and second loop weft yarns (12B) with a different thickness, pile loops (13), (14) of different height are formed.

Abstract: A machine for machining workpieces of wood and plastic has a transport path for transporting workpieces through the machine. One or more driven spindles having a tool for machining the workpieces transported through the machine are provided. An adjustable element that is adjustable relative to the tool is provided. At least one data storage is provided for storing data at least of the tool wherein the data are used to determine a position of the adjustable element relative to the tool and are retrievable. In the method for adjusting the machine, characteristic data of the tool are measured and stored in the data storage. The characteristic data are supplied to a control unit. In the control unit positioning data for the adjustable element are calculated based on the characteristic data and then made available for processing the workpieces.

Abstract: Cutter head for wood working machines comprising a carrier with at least one receptacle for detachably receiving a cutter unit and a means for adjusting the flight circle of a cutting edge of the cutter unit, wherein in order to facilitate such a cutter head in view of the manufacture and installation thereof and to improve the resharpening ability of the cutter unit, the adjusting means comprises at least one spacer arranged between the cutting edge and the receptacle in an exchangeable manner and defining the distance between the cutting edge and a bearing surface of the receptacle.

Abstract: For use as a wood intermediary and the like in industry, an essentially wedge-shaped wood flake with opposite concave and convex surfaces that converge at an imaginary tip outside the flake dimensions. The tip is located beyond the flake a distance of typically between 40% and 100% of the flake length.

Abstract: A structure of a two-phase steel is controlled by subjecting a steel containing C: 0.05-0.80 mass % to a strain work in a true strain quantity of not less than 0.1 at a temperature zone of &agr;-phase or &ggr;-phase and then applying a magnetic field of 0.1-20T thereto within a temperature range forming a two-phase zone of &agr;-phase and &ggr;-phase.

Abstract: A high-strength, high-toughness martensitic stainless steel sheet has a chemical composition comprising, in mass percent, more than 0.03 to 0.15% of C, 0.2-2.0% of Si, not more than 1.0% of Mn, not more than 0.06% of P, not more than 0.006% of S, 2.0-5.0% of Ni, 14.0-17.0% of Cr, more than 0.03 to 0.10% of N, 0.0010-0.0070% of B, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities and has an A value of not less than −1.8, where A value=30(C+N)−1.5Si+0.5Mn+Ni−1.3Cr+11.8. The suitability of the steel sheet as a gasket material is enhanced by producing it to include not less than 85 vol % of martensite phase and to have a spring bending elastic limit Kb0.1 after application of tensile strain of 0.1% of not less than 700 N/mm2. Edge cracking during cold rolling is inhibited by conducting cold rolling after subjecting the hot-rolled sheet to 600-800 ° C.×10 hr or less intermediate annealing to impart a steel hardness of not greater than Hv 380.

Abstract: An outer ring 2 as a stationary ring is fabricated with an iron-steel material of the following composition. Alloying components contain carbon (C) 0.40 wt % to 1.20 wt %, silicon (Si) and/or aluminum (Al) 0.7 wt % to 2.0 wt %, manganese (Mn) 0.2 wt % to 2.0 wt %, nickel (Ni) 0.1 wt % to 3.0 wt % and chromium (Cr) 3.0 wt % to 9.0 wt %. Cr-equivalent amount shown in the following (1) formula is 9.0 wt % to 17.0 wt %. In the bearing face, the hardness is HRC57 or higher, fine carbides (diameter 50 to 500 nm) are dispersively precipitated, and the maximum diameter of carbide is less than 10 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An apparatus (2) for inflating an air bag (4) including a container (12) and a combustible material (20) disposed in the container. The combustible material (20) comprises a binder selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose acetate propionate. The binder has a melting point in the range of about 230° C. to about 260° C. An igniter (32) ignites the combustible material (20) to generate combustion products. A conduit directs the combustion products towards the air bag (4).

Abstract: An apparatus (10) comprises an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device (16) and a gas generating composition which when ignited produces gas to inflate the inflatable vehicle occupant protection device (16). The gas generating composition comprises a non-azide nitrogen containing organic fuel, an inorganic salt oxidizer, and a metal organic coolant selected from the group consisting of alkali metal formates, alkaline earth metal formates, alkali metal oxalates, and alkaline earth metal oxalates. The amount of metal organic coolant in the gas generating composition is a cooling amount.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire having a directional tread pattern of a designated rotating direction comprises at least one circumferential main groove at a central region of a tread portion, a circumferential sub-groove at each of side regions of the tread portion, a plurality of slant grooves extending in the shape of an unfolded fan and opening at the end of the tread portion, and blocks defined by these grooves, in which a central block located nearest to an equatorial plane of the tire has such a headland part that a corner part facing to the sub-groove at a leading end side in the rotation of the tire taperingly projects into a joint part between the sub-groove and the slant groove, and the headland part has a surface form that a height from a groove bottom of the joint part and a length in the circumferential direction gradually decrease toward the end of the tread portion.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a pair of sidewall portions each provided on the axially outer surface thereof with a side protector, the side protector comprising at least two concentric ribs and at least one circumferential groove defined therebetween, the circumferential groove composed of a series of deep parts and shallow parts which alternate in the tire circumferential direction.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass, a belt comprised of at least two belt layers, a belt reinforcement arranged between the carcass and the belt and comprised of at least one belt reinforcing layer, and a tread rubber, in which a widthwise outer end of a widest-width belt reinforcing layer is arranged outward from a widthwise outer end of a widest-width belt layer among the belt layers, and a restraining rubber having a width of not less than 4 mm and a JIS hardness not less than a JIS hardness of a coating rubber for the widest-width belt reinforcing layer is arranged outward from the widthwise outer end of the widest-width belt reinforcing layer.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire of the present invention, which has a bead core buried in a bead portion, in which a ratio dw/D of an inner diameter dw of the bead core to a heel diameter D of a rim, which is specified in a public standard, and a ratio dt/D of a heel diameter dt of the bead portion to the heel diameter D of the rim satisfy the following inequalities:

Abstract: An apparatus and method utilize a rotatable drum implementing both an attraction mechanism and a cutter mechanism to controllably sever segments of material from a web. The drum is rotated at a rate greater than the rate at which the web of material is advanced so that the attraction mechanism supplies the sole source of tension in the web. Moreover, the cutter mechanism severs segments of material while at least a portion of the web of material engages the outer surface of the drum. In addition, an apparatus and method dynamically control the relative rates of advancement of a web of material and an outer surface of a drum such that a predetermined length of material is advanced forward of a predetermined rotational position of the drum so that the predetermined length of material is severed from the web of material while at least a portion of the web of material engages the outer surface of the drum.

Abstract: A lead frame is conveyed on a lead frame conveying rail to a bonding paste coating stage. When the lead frame reaches the bonding paste coating stage, a cylinder containing a paste therein is lowered and the bonding paste is applied in a point-like fashion to an island portion of the lead frame on which a die is bonded. When the application of the bonding paste in a point like fashion is completed, the cylinder is lifted. An ultrasonic vibration generating device is provided directly below the lead frame at the bonding paste coating. The ultrasonic vibration generated device is operated during the application process of the bonding paste to contact into with the understand of the lead frame to apply ultrasonic vibration to it.

Abstract: A thrust chamber assembly for liquid fueled rocket engines and the method of making it wherein a two-piece mandrel having the configuration of an assembly having a combustion chamber portion connected to a nozzle portion through a throat portion is wrapped with a silica tape saturated with a phenolic resin, the tape extending along the mandrel and covering the combustion chamber portion of the mandrel to the throat portion. The width of the tape is positioned at an angle of 30 to 50° to the axis of the mandrel such that one edge of the tape contacts the mandrel while the other edge is spaced from the mandrel. The phenolic in the tape is cured and the end of the wrap is machined to provide a frustoconical surface extending at an angle of 15 to 30° with respect to the axis of the mandrel for starting a second wrap on the mandrel to cover the throat portion.

Abstract: In order to form a holographic grating of the invention, a resist pattern having a groove depth deeper than a desired depth of diffraction grating grooves is engraved in a photoresist layer provided on an optical glass base plate by an exposure method. Then, the photoresist layer is etched by an ion beam generated by a mixed gas containing a fluorine based gas and oxygen until the photoresist layer is completely deleted. In etching the photoresist layer, the ion beam is irradiated from a direction, which is perpendicular to a grooving direction of the resist pattern and is inclined from a normal line direction of the base plate. As a result, there can be formed the holographic grating in which the diffraction grating grooves are directly engraved in the optical glass base plate. Since the diffraction grating grooves are directly engraved in the optical base plate, the photoresist layer is not peeled off as in the conventional grating, and the holographic grating of the invention has excellent durability.

Abstract: A device for separating stick-on material, such as self-adhesive stamps, from a roll of backing tape to which the stick-on material is adhered, for dispensing and applying the stick-on material onto an application surface, and for storing the empty tape. The device provides a chamber for holding a supply roll of backing tape and stick-on material so that backing tape and adhered stick-on material can be payed out from the roll in a first direction. The tape is guided along a path that causes the tape initially to extend in said first direction and then in a second direction angularly related to the first direction so that as the tape changes direction, it separates from the stick-on material.

Abstract: The invention is an edge densified lumber product of improved strength and stiffness and the method of its manufacture. The method is based on the parallel lamination of multiple plies of wood veneer. Narrow longitudinal reinforcing strips are laid along each edge of the veneer assembly between at least some of the veneer plies. Additional spaced apart veneer strips, about twice the width of the edge strips, are laid up at preselected locations in the mid-portion of the veneer assembly. These strips in the mid-portion are preferably spaced so that the distance between their centerlines corresponds to standard lumber widths. Appropriate adhesives are used to bond the assembly. The assembly is pressed to a uniform thickness so that the areas along the narrow veneer strips are densified relative to the adjacent portions. Longitudinal saw cuts are then made along the centerlines of the interior veneer strips to separate the assembly into multiple units of lumber.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a pointing stick is provided. A post or a substrate of the present invention is provided with a hollow portion, and a predetermined gap is defined between the post and the substrate. After an adhesive is supplied to the gap through the hollow portion, it is heated to join the post and the substrate.

Abstract: A process for the fabrication of an electrochemical cell component which comprises an ion exchange membrane joined to a frame member formed from a dissimilar polymeric material, which process comprises the steps of: i) coating the border of at least one face of an ion exchange membrane with a solution in a solvent which is miscible with water of the polymeric material from which the same frame member is made, or of a polymeric material which is compatible with the polymeric frame material; ii) optionally allowing the said coated membrane to stand and/or drying the said coated membrane; iii) placing the coated face of the ion exchange membrane from step (i) or step (ii) in contact with said frame member; and iv) joining the coated ion-exchange membrane to the said frame member.

Abstract: A protecting sheet applied to a wafer is removed by using an adhesive tape with a prescribed length, by bonding the adhesive tape to an edge portion of the protecting sheet and then pulling the adhesive tape. During pulling, a guide roller is held in contact with the protecting sheet and, while the guide roller is held in a fixed position, a peeling head portion and a table are moved in the opposite direction with each other to thereby remove the protecting sheet.

Abstract: A surface processing apparatus is provided. In the apparatus, an etching rate ratio of an organic material such as a BARC of anti-reflective film to a resist of mask forming a pattern, that is, a selective ratio is high, the anti-reflective film being a means for forming the pattern with a high accuracy in surface processing of a semiconductor.

Abstract: A slit type blow nozzle 14 for ejecting a blow gas 1 and a slit type chemical rinse nozzle 12 for ejecting a rinse chemical 2 are arranged such that the blow gas removes a coating film dissolved by the chemical rinse from the end surface of a glass substrate.

Abstract: A cluster tool for fabricating a semiconductor device includes: a transfer chamber having a wafer handling robot; a plurality of process chambers installed adjacent to each wall face of the transfer chamber; a loadlock chamber installed adjacent to different wall faces of the transfer chamber, in which a cassette is positioned to bring in and take out a wafer; and a cooling chamber installed at one side of a different wall face of the transfer chamber with an open-and-shut unit therebetween, the cooling chamber being provided with a wafer multiple-mounting unit having a plurality of wafer mounting plates for simultaneously mounting wafers which finishes undergoing processes in the process chamber and cooling them.

Abstract: A roller blind having in the external cylindrical surface of a roller a depression that extends essentially over the entire width of the roller in the form of a channel. Inserted into the channel is a carrier which is fastened on one end to the roller by a pivoting cover. The carrier is narrower than the channel, as a result of which it has space for lateral displacements. The carrier has a groove with a slot. The roller blind makes it possible to easily and correctly straighten the blind fabric.

Abstract: A rear window roll-up blind for motor vehicles is provided which has a winding shaft that is rotatably supported preferably under the hat deposit area. A blind material can be drawn through a slot in the hat deposit area out which covers the window (3). For this purpose, an actuating member engages on the edge of the blind material (11) that covers the greatest distance. The actuating member is a linear-form element which can be either tension-resistant or pressure-resistant. The blind material itself can be held clamped-open beside the window with the aid of at least one guide rail or one or two pressure- or bending-resistant actuating members.

Abstract: A rapid method is provided for the on-line spectroscopic determination of lignin content and/or kappa number in wood pulps. Unlike currently available commercial instrumentation, the method enables one to measure lignin content independently of species variations and pulp consistency.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline slurry of cellulose pulp is bleached with oxygen or peroxide by using a compound represented by general formula (1), (2) or (3) as a bleaching assistant:

Abstract: In a method for changing a billet section of a continuous billet casting device from an initial section to a final section, the opposed billet sides interact with oppositely positioned roll supports of a billet guide arranged below a continuous casting die. The roll supports have segments with rolls, and each segment is individually adjustable with respect to its angular position relative to the billet. In an initial position of the roll supports, the segments are adjusted to a uniform production format of the billet. A controlled sequence of adjusting steps of the segments successively arranged in a direction of continuous casting is carried out, wherein, for reducing the section of the billet, the segments are advanced successively toward the billet in the continuous casting direction and, and for increasing the section of the billet, the segments are moved successively away from the billet in the continuous casting direction.

Abstract: In a continuous-casting plant which uses a tank made of refractory material set on top of the crystallizer for removing the meniscus and the supernatant layer of covering powders from the solidification area, around the said tank there are electromagnetic means designed to generate variable magnetic fields for slowing down and making uniform the disordered flow of liquid metal inside the said tank, whilst at the joint between the tank and the crystallizer, other electromagnetic means are set which are designed to generate a direct magnetic field so as to remove locally the liquid metal from the walls of the tank and of the crystallizer.

Abstract: An important liner for use in a continuous casting machine includes the conventional hot face surface, cold face surface, and at least one coolant interface area, such as the bottom of a cooling clot that is machined into the liner. Advantageously, the coolant interface area is configured to have a shape along at least a portion of its length that differs from the simple planar shape that is usual for such areas. This shape could include a fin that projects from the coolant interface surface, a corrugation, or other shape. As a result of this configuration, the surface area of the coolant interface area is maximized, thereby promoting enhanced heat transfer through the liner at a portion of the liner that is proximate the coolant interface area. This configuration can be placed selectively at certain areas of the mold that are felt to need increased thermal conductivity, such as near the meniscus area, and in areas where premature mold wear or cracking have been observed due to thermal stresses.

Abstract: One end sides of two sets of pressed-type headers, which have been molded by an existing press, are cut off, respectively, the cut-off portions of thus obtained one-side-cut-off headers are abutted together and are welded to each other, and a nozzle is welded to the position of a welded portion. With this construction, a large header, which is larger than the pressed-type header, can be manufactured, and the use of which permits a large plate-fin type heat exchanger, that can be used at high pressure, to be manufactured.

Abstract: Manifold with integrated pipe for a heat exchanger A manifold for, e.g. a motor vehicle heat exchanger, has a first part formed from a shaped metal sheet and featuring a bottom and two lateral walls folded face-to-face, at least one of which is provided with an aperture for fixing a pipe there. A second part is formed from a shaped metal sheet and able to be fitted onto the lateral walls of the first part to form a cover opposite the bottom of this first part. Either the first part or the second part has a manifold plate. The first part, the second part and the pipe are assembled by brazing.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for an easily polymerizing substance-containing gas provided with a shell possessed of a heat-exchanging gas inlet and a heat-exchanging gas outlet and a heat-exchanging part adapted to circulate fluid introduced from outside the shell between the gas inlet and said gas outlet, which heat exchanger is characterized by being provided with a gas distributing plate between the gas inlet and the heat-exchanging part. The heat exchanger is characterized by the gas distributing plate having a cross-sectional area in the range of 1.0-10.0 times the cross-section of the gas inlet. When an easily polymerizing substance-containing gas contacts a structure, the gas is condensed on the contact surface of the structure and suffered to generate a polymer.

Abstract: An automotive air-conditioner unit which is thin and suitable for use as a rear seat unit is composed of a blower unit with a centrifugal fan and a scroll casing, heat-exchanges for cooling and heating, and conditioned air outlets, all contained in an air-conditioner case. A backward centrifugal fan having a large blade angle is used in combination with a scroll casing having a small scroll angle to obtain high fan efficiency in the compact air-conditioner unit. An outlet duct requiring a higher volume of conditioned air is positioned closer to a scroll-starting position of the scroll casing than another outlet duct requiring a less volume. An air passage in the air-conditioner case is formed along a surface perpendicular to a rotational axis of the fan to reduce a pressure loss in the passage.

Abstract: An automotive air conditioner includes an offset blower for blowing an air, an evaporator is centrally disposed within a dashboard and receives the air from below, and a heater approximately horizontally disposed above the evaporator. The evaporator inclines downward along the direction of the air flow. A plurality of condensed water guide plates are provided under the evaporator so as to allow a condensed water smoothly flow on the surface of each guide plate and is discharged from the evaporator through a condensed water drain pipe.

Abstract: A method of substrate temperature control for plasma processing apparatus in which a substrate which is being held on a substrate holder in a process chamber is being processed, and He gas is passed through the gap between the substrate and the substrate mounting surface during the processing of the substrate, the substrate temperature is controlled by the thermal transfer characteristics of the gas and the substrate is cooled to the prescribed temperature, and the pressure of the He gas is preset by a pressure setting part 50a, the actual pressure is measured with a pressure gauge 49, and the gas flow rate is controlled in such a way that the measured pressure becomes equal to the set pressure by a pressure control valve 46. Furthermore, the substrate temperature controllability is assessed by monitoring the gas flow rate with a substrate temperature controllability assessment part 50b.

Abstract: For extracting a liquid (such as oil) from a porous medium, the liquid is subjected to pulses that propagate through the liquid flowing through the pores of the medium. The pulses cause momentary surges in the velocity of the liquid, which keeps the pores open. The pulses can be generated in the production well, or in a separate excitation well. If the pulses travel with the liquid, the velocity of travel of the liquid through the pores can be increased. The solid matrix is kept stationary, and the pulses move through the liquid. The pulses in the liquid can be generated directly in the liquid, or indirectly in the liquid via a localized area of the solid matrix.

Abstract: An oil well system for extracting oil extracted from a reservoir via a well, INCLUDES a separator device adapted to separate oil and water from a mixture extracted from a reservoir. The separator device has a non-vertical first flow path for the mixture and being arranged along a non-vertical portion of the well, a second flow path, separate from the first flow path, for receiving water or a water enriched phase that has been separated from the mixture by the separator device, and a plurality of drain openings along a section of the first flow path. The first and second flow paths are arranged such that water or the water enriched phase in the first flow path can flow by gravity to the second flow path via the drain openings. An opening area of the drain openings, per unit area of the first flow path, decreases in a flow direction of the mixture along the first flow path.