Abstract: A prefabricated segmental concrete filled tube member, and fabrication structure and method using the same are provided. The prefabricated segmental concrete filled tube member has a hollow pipe filled therein with concrete, and a connection flange shaped in a ring radially extending from the peripheries of both ends of the pipe, wherein the segmental concrete filled tube member is integrally connected with another adjacent segmental concrete filled tube member by the connection flange.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stringer (11, 21, 31) made of a composite material for stiffening panels made of a composite material, particularly those used in the aeronautics industry, formed by a foot (15) for joining with the panel and a structural member (13, 23, 33) with a structural reinforcement (17, 27, 37) embedded at the end opposite to the foot (15) formed by high-modulus unidirectional fibers of the same material as the stringer or another material compatible with it. The invention also relates to a process of manufacturing the stringer.

Abstract: Protective sheeting for protecting a work area includes a removable self sticking adhesive being positioned on the protective sheeting and formed into a strip and a perforation formed in the protective sheeting to reduce the size of the protective sheeting.

Abstract: The electric magnetic remover will pull the nails from the wood or any surface and hold the item in place; at the same time the shingles will be discarded in whole, easier and cleaner to pick-up. There's a power indicator to help the worker to adjust the electric power to be used to pull out the nails or staples. This electric magnetic remover can also be equipped with a suction lightweight jet tub and have its own carrying container for all the nails and staples it sucks up.. When the electric magnetic remover is fill, the worker would release the discarded material in a holding container by simply turning down the electric power.

Abstract: A one layer building panel derives its structural integrity from a foam forming the layer that bonds to horizontal and vertical stud members with a mesh material disposed therein. The vertical members can be provided at the edges of the building panel. The horizontal members can be provided at the edges of the building panel and together with the vertical member form a peripheral frame for the building panel. The foam is bonded to the horizontal and vertical stud members using above ambient temperatures and pressures. Building panels can be connected to one another to construct a building wall and ceiling using stud members having an interlocking capabilities. The building panels can be inserted into tracks secured to a floor using anchors.

Abstract: A method of preserving foodstuffs in a heat-sealable plastic bag wherein three of the bag's four peripheral edges are permanently sealed together and the fourth of the edges comprises a temporary interlocking linear seal. After foodstuffs are placed into the interior of the bag, the linear seal is interlocked to form an inner chamber and to isolate those foodstuffs therein from the outside environment. The bag is then pierced to provide an opening through which the inner chamber of the bag is evacuated. Then, while the inner chamber is evacuated, heat is applied to seal around the opening or between the opening and the portion of the inner chamber containing the foodstuffs to isolate the foodstuffs within said evacuated inner chamber from the outer environment. The foodstuffs may be removed from the bag by opening the interlocking seal and the bags may be reused numerous times by re-interlocking the seal and repeating the evacuating and sealing process.

Abstract: An equine hoof boot assembly enables a user to remedy a select equine hoof disorder, and comprises an elastic hoof boot, a boot insert, and a select medicament. The hoof boot comprises an inner boot surface, an optionally ornamental outer boot surface, a distal sole-opposing portion, and a proximally-extending, wall-opposing portion. The boot insert comprises select viscoelastic foam, a distal insert surface, a proximal insert surface, and a substantially uniform relaxed insert thickness. The distal insert surface is removably engageable with the inner boot surface at the sole-opposing portion. The medicament is releasably received by the boot insert and the boot insert is compressibly form-fit to a hoof cavity for remedying the select hoof disorder. As the proximal insert surface is compressibly form-fit to hoof cavity, the select medicament is releasable from the proximal insert surface for topically treating the select equine hoof disorder.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a rotary pulse type filter dust collector, which can maintain excellent de-dusting efficiency of a low pressure pulse type filter dust collector, reduce the number of required components in order to reduce manufacturing costs, maintenance fees, and lower defect factors to provide higher reliability. The dust collector includes: a dust collector body, a number of filter bags, a moving compressed air tank, nozzles, diaphragm valves, mechanical 3-way valves, protrusions, a reduction motor and a mechanical device for driving the compressed air tank, and an inverter controller.

Abstract: A dust collecting apparatus having a main body, a grill member, and a guide member is provided. The main body is connected to a suction passage and a discharge passage of the vacuum cleaner. The grill member provides an outlet for filtering the air discharged from the main body. The guide member extends from the grill member and faces an inlet of the main body. The guide member converts rapidly a flow direction of the air entering the main body through the suction passage to separate moisture from the air.

Abstract: The present invention is a cyclone dust collecting apparatus for a vacuum cleaner in which an air-whirling space and a contaminant collecting space are separated from each other. The cyclone dust collecting apparatus for the vacuum cleaner according to the present invention comprises a cyclone body connected to an extension tube; an inner cover provided at a lower side of the cyclone body, the inner cover having a hollow conical shape with an opened upper and lower ends; a grill unit through which the air is discharged, the grill unit being provided at a lower end of an air discharge tube of the cyclone body in the inner cover; and a contaminant receptacle for receiving a contaminant fallen from the inner cover, the contaminant receptacle being provided at a lower side of the inner cover.

Abstract: A robot cleaner comprises: a body having a receiving portion for mounting a dust tank; a detecting unit installed at the receiving portion, for detecting whether the dust tank has been separated from the body by an interaction with the dust tank; and a controller for controlling a suction motor installed in the body according to a detection result. When the dust tank is separated from the receiving portion, the detecting unit detects the separated state of the dust tank immediately thus to stop the suction motor. Accordingly, dust is prevented from being introduced into the body.

Abstract: A dual filtration lateral flow containment enclosure is described wherein an air evacuation system is used to provide negative airflow between an upstream filtration system and a downstream filtration system. The enclosure may be arranged such that there is no unfiltered venting between the environment and the interior of the enclosure if so desired. Furthermore, the filtration systems are arranged for the insertion of multiple types of filters, for example, HEPA filters, chemical filters, biological filters and the like for specific removal of air-borne materials from the air flow.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleanup system 10 includes a honeycomb filter 30 disposed at a position of an exhaust path length of about 1 m or less from the engine 20 (length from the extreme upstream portion of a manifold 22 to the front end of the honeycomb filter 30), and a honeycomb structure 40 disposed at a position of an exhaust path length of about 3 m or less from the engine 20.

Abstract: Approaches to providing z-filter media constructions are provided. Preferred corrugated media, filter constructions having such corrugated media, and filter systems using such filter constructions are provided. Also, preferred methods of forming filter constructions are provided.

Abstract: In a ceramic honeycomb structure having large numbers of flow paths partitioned by porous cell walls, the cell walls have a porosity of 55-75%, with an average pore diameter Da of 10-30 ?m and a pore area ratio Sa of 10-30% on their surfaces, and the average length La of the pores at their openings and the average width Lb of the pores at depth La from the surfaces of the cell walls meet the condition of 1.1<Lb/La<5 in an arbitrary vertical cut surface of the cell walls. In the cordierite-based ceramic honeycomb structure, the ceramic contains Fe and a spinel, the amount of the spinel being 4% or less by an X-ray diffraction intensity ratio, and most of the spinel having particle sizes in a range of 0.01-5 ?m.

Abstract: A ceramic honeycomb filter comprising a sintered ceramic honeycomb body having porous partition walls defining flow paths, and plugs formed in predetermined flow paths for removing particulate matter from an exhaust gas passing through the porous partition walls, the sintered ceramic honeycomb body being formed by a cordierite-based ceramic material, at least part of the plugs comprising ceramic particles and an amorphous oxide matrix formed from colloidal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to porous composite materials comprised of a porous base material and a powdered nanoparticle material. The porous base material has the powdered nanoparticle material penetrating a portion of the porous base material; the powdered nanoparticle material within the porous base material may be sintered or interbonded by interfusion to form a porous sintered nanoparticle material within the pores and or on the surfaces of the porous base material. Preferably this porous composite material comprises nanometer sized pores throughout the sintered nanoparticle material. The present invention is also directed to methods of making such composite materials and using them for high surface area catalysts, sensors, in packed bed contaminant removal devices, and as contamination removal membranes for fluids.

Abstract: Thermoplastic bicomponent binder fiber can be combined with other media, fibers and other filtration components to form a thermally bonded filtration media. The filtration media can be used in filter units. Such filter units can be placed in the stream of a mobile fluid and can remove a particulate load from the mobile stream. The unique combination of media fiber, bicomponent binder fiber and other filtration additives and components provide a filtration media having unique properties in filtration applications.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lawn mower. In certain example embodiments, the lawn mower may be of the walk-behind type. In certain example embodiments of this invention, the lawn mower may have one or more of: (a) an improved handlebar weldment assembly, (b) an improved operator presence control (OPC) system and structure, (c) an improved speed control system structure, (d) an improve cam bar system for hydraulic pump control, (e) a return-to-neutral biasing system that biases hand lever(s) toward a neutral position but only from a reverse position (not from a forward position), and/or (f) an improved tracking adjustment system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lawn mower. In certain example embodiments, the lawn mower includes one or more of: (a) a cooling baffle for efficiently cooling a hydraulic fluid tank and/or fluid therein using air flow caused by a combustion engine used for driving mower cutting blade(s); (b) improved cockpit structure including fenders; (c) improved drive wheel(s) adjustment structure or assembly; (d) improved idler arm assembly for use in connection with the cutter deck and/or pump driving belt; and/or (e) improved hose routing structure.

Abstract: An auxiliary hydraulic system for zero turn radius lawnmowers or lawn tractors that is used to power attachments that require a rotating shaft for their power source. The attachments perform task other than just the cutting of the vegetation that the base unit passes over, such as trimming, edging, blowing of debris, vacuuming and etc. The auxiliary hydraulic system will give the operator of the base unit control of engaging or disengaging the operation of attachments and control over the speed of the attachments from the seat of the base unit. The auxiliary hydraulic system will allow for rapid mounting and dismounting of attachments to the base unit. The auxiliary hydraulic system will provide a power source that can be easily diverted from one attachment to another.

Abstract: A lawn mower is provided. In certain example embodiments, the lawn mower includes an improved deck lift system and/or an improved brake pump lock-out system. In certain example embodiments, a-deck lift system may lift/lower the cutter deck, engine deck, engine, and handle control assembly together at the same time.

Abstract: A turbine engine. The turbine engine may include an incoming fuel stream and a lubricating oil recirculation system. The lubricating oil recirculation system may include a heat exchanger such that waste heat from the lubricating oil recirculation system is transferred to the incoming fuel stream.

Abstract: A cooling device for generating a cold gas flow comprising a gas source and at least one first heat exchanger (4) having a connection (14b) on the input side and a connection (15b) on the output side being cooled using a cold source (10), is characterized in that the cooling device comprises at least one second heat exchanger (5) having a connection (14a) on the input side and a connection (15a) on the output side, wherein the first heat exchanger (4) and the second heat exchanger (5) are disposed in an evacuated container (11) and operate in parallel, the first heat exchanger (4) and the second heat exchanger (5) being connected, via their connections (15a, 15b) on the output side, to a common output line (8) into which they alternately supply the cleaned gas flow. The inventive cooling device may be operated with conventional gases for a long time period without any disturbances.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas turbine power generating system capable of achieving a high output power and a high power generating efficiency under conditions with a small amount of supplied water and less change in design of a gas turbine. A fine water droplet spraying apparatus (11) is disposed in a suction air chamber (22) on the upstream side of an air compressor (2), and a moisture adding apparatus (7) for adding moisture to high pressure air supplied from the compressor (2) is disposed. A regenerator (5) for heating the air to which moisture has been added by using gas turbine exhaust gas as a heat source is also provided. With this configuration, there can be obtain an effect of reducing a power for the compressor (2) and an effect of increasing the output power due to addition of moisture to air (20) for combustion. Further, since the used amount of fuel is reduced by adopting a regenerating cycle, the power generating efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A combustion system which comprises a combustion chamber (1) wherein the supply of air is intercepted and a fluid (L) formed by mixing combustibles with water is supplied, water in the fluid (L) is thermally decomposed, combustibles are burnt, and a gas after combustion is discharged, a fluid storage tank (40) for storing the fluid (L) formed by mixing combustibles with water, a fluid supply section (50) for supplying the fluid (L) in the fluid storage tank (40) to the combustion chamber (1), and a gas recovery section (60) for recovering a gas discharged from the combustion chamber (1). The above combustion system inhibits the formation of nitrogen oxides, since the system is almost free from the contamination of nitrogen in air, and produces an exhaust gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide as main components, which results in the production of a clean exhaust gas and east recovery of an exhaust gas.

Abstract: Unbalanced mass effects can occur at the low pressure compressor (5) of an aircraft engine. Stiffeners (20) are proposed to increase the stiffness of the assembly and therefore reduce possible cracks due to accidental unbalanced masses, one end (22) of the stiffener can be fixed to the engine casing (7) at the structural arm (10), and the other end (32) can be fixed to the compressor (5), preferably at the upstream face of the third guide vane (RD3). Advantageously, the stiffeners (20) are made of two parts fixed to each other; their manufacturing is optimized to limit the additional weight due to their presence.

Abstract: This turbine engine compressor comprises a separating nose extended by inner and outer annular walls defining in cooperation an annular volume (V) of separation of a primary flow (F1) and a secondary flow (F2). This volume (V) comprises a plurality of annular segments in the form of cells separated in pairs by blades of a first fan, these blades passing through both the primary flow (F1) and the secondary flow (F2). These cells are fixed to an upstream annular collar and a downstream annular collar driven rotationally by the aforementioned blades.

Abstract: A method for operating a component part situated in an exhaust gas region of an internal combustion engine, and a device for carrying out the method are proposed, in which, in a first operating phase, an exhaust gas component is embedded, and which, in a second operating phase, is regenerated from the exhaust gas component. The second operating phase may be started both as a function of the operating state of the component part and/or as a function of the operating state of the internal combustion engine, and also by an external start signal. If there is an external start signal present, the second operating phase is preferably only started if, at the same time, at least one additional conditions is satisfied. The external start signal is made available, for instance, by a diagnostic unit which is connected via a diagnosis interface.

Abstract: During secondary air supply control, a secondary air supply system which supplies secondary air to an upstream side of an exhaust gas control apparatus obtains a secondary air flow rate supplied to an exhaust passage provided independently for each of a plurality of cylinder groups, and detects an abnormality in the secondary air supply system based on a noxious substance amount in exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust passages which is determined from the obtained secondary air flow rates.

Abstract: In one example, a system for an engine having an intake system and an exhaust system is described. The system comprises: an airflow sensor coupled to the intake system; an air pump having at least an inlet side and an outlet side, said inlet side having a first coupling to the intake system downstream of said airflow sensor, said outlet side having a second coupling to the exhaust system; and a controller coupled to the engine, said controller, during operation, identifying whether degradation has occurred to at least one of said first and second couplings, and providing an indication of said identified degradation. Various other examples are also disclosed.

Abstract: A controller for an exhaust purifier performs idle-up to increase the idle speed of a diesel engine when an intake air amount, which is based on the atmospheric pressure and the engine speed, is less than a reference air amount of when a throttle valve is completely open and an EGR valve is completely closed during the regeneration of the filter. The controller performs idle-up by increasing the amount of fuel injected from the fuel injection valves of the diesel engine.

Abstract: A system for treating particulates of an engine's exhaust is provided. The system comprises a filter configured to collect particulate matter and a device for regenerating the filter. The device comprises a housing, a fuel injector configured to inject fuel, an igniter configured to ignite the injected fuel, and a combustion chamber. The device is characterized in that the cross section of the combustion chamber converges from an inlet to an outlet.

Abstract: An ultra-compact combination exhaust muffler and aftertreatment element and water trap assembly provides exhaust flow through an aftertreatment element surrounded by an annular water collection space receiving water diverted and shed from an upper dome cap above the aftertreatment element and below the upper outlet. In a further embodiment, the assembly includes housing sections separable from each other at a service joint axially between axial ends of the aftertreatment element for ease of servicing. In a further aspect, the aftertreatment element has an axial end within a housing section saving axial extension space.

Abstract: There is provided an exhaust apparatus for a vehicle. The exhaust apparatus comprises a plurality of exhaust path forming members constituting an exhaust path from an exhaust port of an engine to an inlet of an exhaust muffler and connected to each other end portions of the exhaust path forming members made of different materials among the plurality of exhaust path forming members are connected to each other by a flange joint.

Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment, an exhaust dilution and dispersion device for a vehicle can include a generally elongate tailpipe comprising an inlet section capable of being in exhaust receiving communication with an exhaust system of a vehicle. The tailpipe further comprises an outlet section in exhaust receiving communication with the inlet section. The outlet section can also comprise a downwardly directed exhaust deflection portion and an exhaust outlet in exhaust dispersing communication with the surroundings external to the device. The exhaust outlet can comprise a generally elongate exhaust dispersion opening extending in a lengthwise direction along the tailpipe. At least a portion of the exhaust outlet can be coextensive with the downwardly directed exhaust deflecting portion and a major portion of the exhaust dispersed from the outlet can have a transverse component.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold that comprises an open/close valve that switches between either closing or opening the exhaust path of a collection section, and switches the exhaust path of the exhaust gas between passing through or not passing through a bypass path containing a upstream (front) catalyst; it can improve flow of exhaust gas when the open/close valve is completely closed, and reducing exhaust interference and loss of exhaust heat. There is a partition wall structure 12 in a pipe-mounting member 11 so that when the open/close valve 15 is closed such that the exhaust gas during cold start is led to the upstream (front) catalyst, the exhaust paths for each of the branch pipes 3 on the upstream side of the open/close valve 15 inside a collection section 4 are made independent from one another.

Abstract: A compressor active surge control system that includes an air recirculation line that has a first end connected downstream of a compressor outlet and a second end connected upstream of a compressor inlet. The gas recirculation line recirculates compressed air from the compressor outlet to the compressor inlet. Also included in the system is a mixer positioned to receive both ambient air and recirculated air. Mixing of the air homogenizes the air prior to its introduction into the compressor. An air cooler may be included that cools the recirculated air prior to its introduction into the compressor. Cooling and mixing of the recirculated air expands the operating range of the compressor by reducing the incidence of surge. Various existing components, such as intercoolers and filters, may serve the additional duty of cooling or mixing the recirculated air.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is provided for an internal combustion engine having a combustion air intake circuit and an exhaust circuit for communicating engine exhaust to the environment. The EGR system includes an air-to-gas EGR cooler, an air inlet line communicating cooling inlet air to the EGR cooler, an EGR supply line communicating exhaust from the exhaust circuit to the EGR cooler, a venturi unit in the exhaust circuit, and an air outlet line communicating heated air from the EGR cooler to the venturi unit. Flow of exhaust through the venturi creates a pressure which draws cooling air through the EGR cooler. The EGR system also includes a turbocharger unit having an exhaust turbine and an inlet air compressor. A compressor outlet circuit communicates air from the compressor to an air intake of the engine. A valve is located in the compressor outlet circuit. An EGR venturi is in the compressor outlet circuit and is connected in parallel with the valve.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is provided for an internal combustion engine having a combustion air intake circuit, an exhaust manifold, and an exhaust circuit for communicating engine exhaust to the environment. The EGR system includes an air-to-gas EGR cooler, an air supply conduit for supplying inlet air to the EGR cooler, an EGR supply conduit for communicating exhaust from the exhaust circuit to the EGR cooler, and an EGR outlet conduit communicating cooled EGR from the EGR cooler to the intake circuit. The EGR system also includes a venturi unit in the exhaust circuit, and an air outlet conduit communicating heated air from the EGR cooler to the venturi unit. Flow of exhaust through the venturi creates a pressure which draws cooling air through the EGR cooler. A valve controls flow through the outlet conduit as a function of a sensed temperature in the intake circuit.

Abstract: A steam enhanced dual piston cycle engine utilizes a unique dual piston apparatus that includes: a first cylinder housing a first piston therein, wherein the first piston performs only intake and compression strokes; a second cylinder housing an inner power piston that forms an inner internal chamber of the second cylinder, and either a ring-shaped outer power piston surrounding the inner power piston, wherein the outer power piston forms an outer internal chamber of the second cylinder and is configured to convert engine heat into additional work, and/or an outer boiler which is configured to produce steam to be converted into additional work.

Abstract: A novel fuel producing section produces synthesized gas from a feedstock and synthesizes novel fuel from the synthesized gas thus produced, and has exhaust heat recovery boilers for generating steam by recovering excess heat generated from the synthesizing processes. An exhaust heat utilizing section includes steam turbines driven with the steam generated from the exhaust heat recovery boilers. An open circulation cooling water supply section supplies cooling water for a plant, including water for cooling exhausts of the steam turbines, and includes a seawater desalination system for desalinating seawater by the evaporation method and supplying desalinated water to replenish the cooling water. The cooling water supplied from the open circulation cooling water supply section is used in condensing of the desalinated water produced by the seawater desalination system.

Abstract: A method for increasing and/or suppressing a natural frequency of a fuel injector feed strip while increasing in the axial direction the flexibility of the feed strip, without the use of additional structure or damping devices. More particularly, and by way of example, the present invention provides a fuel feed strip that is shaped in a shape corresponding to a first vibration mode (e.g., a bow shape) of a fuel feed strip of a desired shape (e.g., a straight fuel feed strip). By forming the fuel feed strip in a shape corresponding to a first vibration mode of the fuel feed strip of a desired shape, a vibration mode of the fuel feed strip is suppressed while the axial flexibility of the fuel feed strip is increased.

Abstract: A combustor and injector system to inject a selected fuel into a combustor of a gas powered turbine. Generally, the injector is able to inject a selected fuel into a stream of an oxidizer to substantially mix the fuel with the oxidizer stream before any of the fuel in the fuel fan reaches an auto ignition temperature. Therefore the fuel may be substantially combusted at once and without any substantial hot spots.

Abstract: A support arm (13) is intended to be installed in a radial position in an afterburner device of a bypass turbojet. The device comprises first and second inner annular casings defining a passage for a primary flow and an outer annular casing defining together with the first inner annular casing a passage for a secondary flow. The arm (13) comprises a monobloc structure made of composite material including two integral walls (14, 15), on the one hand, designed to define a groove (16) having a substantially V-shaped profile and, on the other hand, including first end parts (17) joined together and adapted to define a foot (18) and second end parts (19) adapted each to define at least one flange (20, 21) intended to be positively connected to the outer annular casing.

Abstract: A turbine engine nozzle assembly has an upstream flap and a downstream flap pivotally coupled thereto for relative rotation about a hinge axis. An actuator linkage is coupled to the downstream flap along a forward portion thereof for actuating the upstream flaps and downstream flaps between a number of throat area conditions while permitting mode changes.

Abstract: A system and method for modifying the supply of fuel to injectors to attenuate combustion oscillations in a gas turbine engine. The gas turbine engine may comprise a combustor, a plurality of injectors and a manifold. The plurality of injectors may be operable to provide fuel to the combustor. The manifold may be configured to supply fuel to all of the plurality of injectors or to only a portion of the plurality of injectors in reaction to a determination of an existence of combustion oscillations.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine comprises a rotary compressor (6) which is subject to forward thrust forces and is mounted on an axial shaft (50) which has a forward facing surface (67) located in a thrust bearing (52). A bleed of air under pressure (70, 74, 78) is provided from the compressor to the thrust bearing to form an air cushion (66, 68) opposing the forward thrust of the compressor transmitted by the shaft. The air cushion pressure automatically increases with engine speed. Other air cushion bearings (54, 56) are also provided along the shaft.

Abstract: Method and arrangement for providing a gas turbine (1) having a duct (11) for carrying gas from a gas turbine inlet (9) to a gas turbine outlet (10) and an outer housing (19, 20, 21) arranged radially outside a wall structure (12, 13, 14), which defines the radially outer limits of the gas duct (11). The gas turbine (1), between the inlet (9) and outlet (10), is constructed from a plurality of modules (6, 7, 8), each of which constitutes a part of the outer housing (19, 20, 21) and a part of the wall structure (12, 13, 14) of the gas duct. At least two adjacent parts of the wall structure (12, 13, 14) of the gas duct are arranged at a distance from one another.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermal exchange device using heat pipes to effectively discharge heat from inside of an open-air communication system. The present invention provides a plurality of heat pipes directly inserted between the plates of the thermo-electric cooling unit for accommodating a plurality of fins thereon. According to the structure suggested by the invention, since the heat pipes can be placed laterally with the thermo-electric cooling unit, the size of the overall communication system can be reduced with the same discharge capability.