Abstract: A hydraulic cam shaft adjuster has a driven outer body comprising at least one hydraulic chamber, and an inner body disposed on the inside of the outer body (4), which can be firmly attached to the camshaft and has at least one pivoting wing extending into the hydraulic chamber in the radial direction, thus partitioning the hydraulic chamber into a first working chamber and a second working chamber. The inner body has at least one oil inlet and oil outlet conduit extending from a jacket interior to a jacket exterior of the inner body up to one of the two working chambers. The inner body is assembled using at least one first element and one second element, wherein the two elements each have at least one geometry at front sides facing each other, forming the oil inlet and oil outlet conduit of the inner part together with the other element.

Abstract: Provided is a variable valve operating apparatus for an internal combustion engine, which can favorably improve the mounting environment of an actuator in the aspect of achieving the improvement of coolability and the reduction of stress. The apparatus includes a guide rail which is provided in the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical part respectively fixed to a camshaft; a projection part which is disposed so as to be engageable and disengageable with the guide rail; and an actuator which is disposed so as to oppose the cylindrical part and can protrude the projection part toward the guide rail. At least a part of the actuator is disposed so as to fit in a oval-shaped region which is virtually obtained by linking a base circle of a main cam and a base circle of a main cam seen from the axial direction of the camshaft in a state in which the projection part is not protruded toward the guide rail.

Abstract: The finger follower employs two independent lost motion arms and a rod which moves longitudinally to lock both arms. The rod is transversely mounted in the follower. In order to avoid premature locking, a clip is employed with tabs that interact with end surfaces of the arms so as to prevent premature movement of the rod from an unlocked position to a locked position.

Abstract: In a specific embodiment of this invention, deposits and soot formation in a direct injection engine are reduced by passivating the injectors to within 0.1 mm of the injector nozzle. The fuel used with the inventive injectors comprises fuel-soluble additives.

Abstract: A vehicle ignition system is provided that alleviates the problems associated with excessive voltage demand by spark plugs. The ignition system has a spark plug with an electrode and a voltage relief feature operatively connected with the electrode. The voltage relief feature is operable to discharge current from the electrode at a predetermined voltage.

Abstract: An architecture is presented that provides an electric starter device. The electric starter device allows a user to start any two cycle/two stroke engine, such as those used in weed trimmers, leaf blowers, chainsaws, etc. by utilizing a push button starter. The electric starter device comprises an electric motor powered by a battery and an engine crankshaft, wherein a pulley connects the engine crankshaft to the electric motor. Further, an electric starter switch is positioned on the two cycle/two stroke engine, near a start/stop switch for turning on and off the engine and near an engine choke switch for engaging the engine. Furthermore, if the battery is not charged or an electrical failure occurs, a user may start the two cycle/two stroke engine with the pull start device as normal.

Abstract: Object of the Invention The invention provides a forged exhaust poppet valve and a method of solution heat treating the same, in which only a predetermined portion of the valve is subjected to the solution heat treatment so as to provide the seat portion of the valve with satisfactory wear resistance, and a predetermined transitional neck-stem region with satisfactory high-temperature creep strength. Means for Achieving the Object An exhaust poppet valve (10) comprises a head portion (12) which has a seat portion (14) on the outer periphery thereof and is integral with the diametrically tapered neck portion (16) of a stem portion (18) of the valve. Using a radio-frequency heating apparatus, a solution heat treatment is given to a predetermined transitional region (A) defined between the neck and stem portions that is exposed to exhaust air during a valve opening period so that the grain size in the region (A) is controlled not to exceed ASTM 10.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to fastening systems, and more specifically, to high tensile or high strength studs. The studs are adapted to be utilized in original manufacture or in the repair or retrofit of internal combustion engines. The improved stud technology can be utilized in the fabrication of new engine builds to improve reliability, extend product life, and the like. Likewise, the stud technology can be used to repair and/or upgrade a failed, compromised, or questionable cylinder head to engine block fastening system. Additionally, a repair or retrofit a kit can be assembled with the improved studs at its foundation. Optionally, any combination of additional items or components useful in the cylinder head to engine block fastener modification can be added to such a kit.

Abstract: A fuel pump lubrication apparatus for lubricating a fuel pump including a tappet and the fuel pump operating the tappet, may have a cylinder head including an oil gallery wherein a camshaft is disposed, an oil supply line communicated to the oil gallery, a lubrication cam cap slidably encompassing the camshaft, and a cam cap oil hole formed in the lubrication cam cap and ejecting oil received from the oil supply line to a contacting portion between the pump cam and a plunger of the fuel pump.

Abstract: A roller 58 is rotatably held by an end portion of an eccentric support roller shaft 50 so that the roller 58 contacts with an inner periphery circular side surface of a rotor 40. Accordingly, a rotational resistance while the rotor 40 is eccentrically rotated can be decreased in comparison with a configuration in which an internal gear formed in an inner periphery of a rotor and an external gear formed in an eccentric shaft interlock each other. Thus, the rotating shaft 52 can be efficiently driven to rotate when a pressure difference is small and energy for rotating the roller 58 is small.

Abstract: This invention involves internal combustion engine, especially the olive-shaped rotary engine. The olive-shaped rotary engine not only overcomes the defects of large reciprocating inertia the existing piston reciprocating engine has, complex structure and large volume but also overcomes the defects of small output torque the existing rotary internal combustion engine has, the fuel not being able to fully combust and high manufacturing process requirements. If the fuel can't be fully combusted, it will lead to a higher amount of fuels. This invention consists of crankshaft, shell and triangle rotor. Within centre hole of the triangle rotor is equipped with connecting handle, which is connected with crankshaft through gear set. The shuttle-like moving path when the rotor of the connecting handle is connected with the centre of the crankshaft results from the driving of the gear set, realizing the basic working process of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The system for supplying an internal combustion engine can combine a traditional plant for fuel injection with a steam injection plant; the steam injection plant sourcing water from a tank (1) therefor, in order to generate water steam by exploiting the exhaust gas heat. A steam injection control unit (6) injects the steam during the engine aspiration stage. The system reduces fuel consumption and drastically reduces pollutant agents.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are described for operating an engine in a vehicle in response to a driver performance/economy mode. One example method comprises delivering a first fuel to a cylinder of the engine from a first injector, delivering a second, different, fuel to the cylinder of the engine from a second injector, varying a relative amount of said first and second fuel as an operating condition varies; and adjusting delivery of at least said second fuel based on a driver-selected performance mode.

Abstract: A gasoline direct injection engine that has an injector directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber, a spark plug, an intake valve, and an exhaust valve and generates power by reciprocating a piston in a cylinder, may include a first cavity formed on a piston head of the piston to return at least some flow of the fuel injected from the injector to the spark plug, a protrusion protruding and off-set from the first cavity toward the exhaust valve, and a second cavity formed from the protrusion to the exhaust valve at a smaller height than the first cavity.

Abstract: Methods for improving the efficiency of internal combustion engines are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of improving the efficiency of an internal combustion engine comprises controlling the motion of an exhaust valve associated with a cylinder of the internal combustion engine. Camshafts and internal combustion engines configured for performing methods of the instant invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio apparatus of an exhaust gas brake in an engine, may include a piston reciprocally moving in a cylinder of the engine, and an exhaust control valve that selectively communicates a combustion chamber of the cylinder with an exhaust manifold in accordance with pressure generated by the piston in the cylinder to control operating pressure of the piston.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine having several cylinders, successive time windows, each of which is assigned to a cylinder being defined in a control unit in one time window, a calculation of an ignition time, a start of a charging process for an ignition device, and a triggering of an ignition for a cylinder assigned to the time window being performed; it being necessary for an ignition to start the charging process for the ignition device, the extent of which is at least as long as one time period needed for charging; the following steps being carried out in each time window: ascertaining information for an ignition time for a cylinder assigned to the subsequent time window; establishing whether the ignition time for the cylinder assigned to the subsequent time window is after the beginning of the subsequent time window by at least the time needed for charging; if it is established that the ignition time for the cylinder assigned to the subsequent time window is after the beginning of t

Abstract: An electronic ignition module for vintage automobiles that utilizes existing components and wiring to retain the look and operation of the original system but with superior performance. The ignition module replaces the original roller and contacts of a vintage automobile ignition timer with modern control electronics that actuate the original coils and original spark plugs using the original wiring in the original manor. Electronic ignition operation is user programmable to emulate the original roller/timer performance or provide automatic spark advance similar to modern automobile operation for optimum power and efficiency while freeing the operator from manual adjustment of spark timing. Ignition module programming is accomplished without any external switches, buttons, jumpers or modification to the vintage automobile by simply sensing the presence or absence of ignition coils connected to the system when power is applied.

Abstract: A control device for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine that sets ignition timing based on a target value of a predetermined combustion-related parameter correlated with a combustion state and operates an ignition device in accordance with the ignition timing thus set. The control device calculates an actual value of the combustion-related parameter from an output value of the cylinder pressure sensor and feeds back the calculated value of the combustion-related parameter to the setting of ignition timing. Further, in parallel with the above processing, the control device calculates a value of a predetermined combustion variation parameter correlated with the magnitude of combustion variation from the output value of the cylinder pressure sensor. If the calculated value of the combustion variation parameter deviates from an allowable range of the combustion variation, the control device stops the feedback of the calculated value of the combustion-related parameter.

Abstract: A high pressure piston fuel pump having a discharge check valve between the pumping chamber and a pressurized fuel reservoir and a pressure relief valve between the fuel reservoir and a passageway in the housing, wherein the discharge check valve and the pressure relief valve are contained within a single fitting assembly affixed at the pump housing. A first end flow passage is in fluid communication with the pumping chamber and provides an inlet to the discharge check valve and an outlet from the pressure relief valve. A second end flow passage is in fluid communication with the fuel reservoir and provides an outlet for the discharge check valve and an inlet for the pressure relief valve. Advantages include the ability to pre-test the outlet check and pressure relief prior to assembly into the pump housing, and improved flexibility of the outlet fitting location.

Abstract: An injection system for an internal combustion engine has a prefeed pump for feeding fuel from a fuel tank, a high-pressure pump, which is situated downstream of the prefeed pump, for feeding the fuel into at least two injectors, a fuel distributor which is situated downstream of the high-pressure pump and which is designed to distribute the fuel to the injectors, a pressure control or pressure limiting valve situated downstream of the high-pressure pump and by which the pressure to be produced in the fuel distributor can be adjusted or limited, and a pressure sensor for determining a pressure downstream of the high-pressure pump and upstream of the pressure control or pressure limiting valve, wherein the pressure sensor, the pressure control or pressure limiting valve and the fuel distributor are formed in a high-pressure module, and the high-pressure module is formed as a structural unit with the high-pressure pump.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio device that includes a piston, a piston pin, and a connecting rod of which one end is connected to the piston by the piston pin, may include an eccentric ring rotatably coupled in a ring at the one end of the connecting rod, wherein the inner circumference thereof rotatably contacts with the outer circumference of the piston pin, an operating pin that longitudinally reciprocates in the piston pin, variable sliders that selectively contact one of both ends of the operating pin under a cylinder to push the one of both ends to the opposite side, and a guide plate that slidably supports the variable sliders, wherein, one end of a variable shaft selectively rotating is connected to the variable slider and a sliding direction of the variable slider is controlled by the rotation of the variable shaft.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel injection system of a motor vehicle in particular is described. The fuel injection system has a fuel accumulator, capable of receiving fuel via a metering unit. In the method, an actual pressure in the fuel accumulator is affected by an I regulator, among other things. A precontrol value is generated by a precontrol characteristic map, which is used for compensating manufacturing-related differences in the components of the fuel injection system.

Abstract: A fuel supply equipment includes: a lid member provided with a fuel discharge pipe; a fuel pump held by the lid member and configured to suck in fuel within the fuel tank and discharge the fuel to an outside of the fuel tank from the fuel discharge pipe; a suction filter that filters the fuel within the fuel tank that will be sucked into the fuel pump; a fuel filter that removes foreign matter in the fuel discharged from the fuel pump; a pressure regulator configured to adjust a pressure of the fuel discharged from the fuel filter to a predetermined pressure and discharge excess fuel; a case configured to accommodate the fuel pump, the suction filter, the fuel filter, and the pressure regulator; and a supporting member provided to the lid member to support the case on the lid member.

Abstract: A gas powered internal combustion engine in which the gas is provided from the gas phase of a pressurized liquid gas in an liquified petroleum gas container and in which the liquified petroleum gas container is rigidly mounted adjacent to the internal combustion engine at a preselected angle to be in conductive heat transfer relationship to the internal combustion engine and in vibration receiving relationship to the internal combustion engine whereby the liquified gas in the liquified petroleum gas container is heated and vibrated and the effective surface area thereof is thereby increased. A pressure regulator is provided for receiving the gas from the liquified petroleum gas bottle regulating the pressure of the gas transmitted to the internal combustion engine and at least one flexible hose is connected to the pressure regulator for transmitting the gas therethrough.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating a turbo charger of a combustion engine that includes, but is not limited to providing a set of values of a basic boost pressure for opening a waste gate for the turbo charger at a standard Temperature and at a standard pressure and measuring an ambient air temperature and an ambient air pressure. The method also includes, but is not limited to calculating a density of ambient air based on a mathematical formula using the measured ambient air temperature and the measured ambient air pressure and transforming at least one point of the provided set of values of the basic boost pressure at standard conditions into at least one point of an estimated set of values of the basic boost pressure at ambient conditions by a correction factor based on the calculated density, and controlling the turbo charger with least one corrected value of the basic boost pressure.

Abstract: The present invention features an ignition coil of an engine, in which a small condenser is directly installed to an LV pin of the ignition coil, thus effectively removing noise, and dissipating heat from the ignition coil to an outside, in addition to preventing the inflow of water.

Abstract: The present invention intends to perform control for detecting a change in air-fuel ratio with high accuracy by an exhaust gas sensor in an internal combustion engine having a turbocharger with a wastegate valve. A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention includes: a turbocharger; a wastegate through which an exhaust gas passes while bypassing a turbine; a wastegate valve for opening/closing the wastegate; an exhaust gas sensor provided in an exhaust passage on the downstream side from the turbine and the wastegate valve; and air-fuel ratio change detection controlling means for executing air-fuel ratio change detection control to change an air-fuel ratio on the upstream side from the turbine and the wastegate valve and detect a change in the air-fuel ratio by the exhaust gas sensor.

Abstract: A multi-wire slurry-free wafer cutting apparatus along with a method for optimizing saw operation is disclosed that includes a cutting wire impregnated with a plurality of cutting particles wrapped multiple times around two or more wire guides to form a multi-wire web. A drive mechanism drives the web across an ingot at an optimum speed determined by setting a multi-wire web speed to an initial speed, detecting vibration of the web, identifying the web speed having a lowest vibration, and operating the drive mechanism at that speed as optimum. A cleansing fluid is applied to the multi-wire web that includes a major portion of water and a minor portion of surfactant which cleans the cutting wire and keeps the cut particles free of oxidation. One or more cleansing fluid applicators are configured to apply the cleansing fluid to the multi-wire web close to the ingot in a laminar flow.

Abstract: The present invention is a band saw cutting apparatus including: a cutting table on which an ingot is horizontally placed; an endless-belt blade provided in a tensioned state between pulleys, the blade having a blade-abrasive-grain portion and a blade base; and a coolant spraying opening for spraying a coolant on the blade, the band saw cutting apparatus cutting the ingot by relatively feeding the blade from above to below, the blade being driven to rotate by rotating the pulleys, wherein the pulleys is configured to be rotatable about an axis thereof in both directions, and a direction of driving to rotate the blade can be changed to cut the ingot. As a result, there is provided a band saw cutting apparatus and an ingot cutting method that can stably secure the quality of the ingot to be cut, increase the lifetime of the blade, and improve the productivity.

Abstract: The present invention protects opals during processing from rhyolite nodules. An opal containing rhyolite nodule is soaked in a heated polyester resin, styrene (100-42-5) solution for 24 hours per 10 grams of nodule. The rhyolite nodule is dried and sawed into slabs, which are soaked in a heated polyester resin, styrene (100-42-5) solution. The soaked slabs are cut into pieces, cabochons are marked out, and the pieces are rough cut into pre forms. The pre forms are soaked in a heated polyester resin, styrene (100-42-5) solution, beneficially for 24 hours. The pre forms are dried and cut into cabochons, which are soaked (preferably for 24 hours) in a heated polyester resin, styrene (100-42-5) solution. The soaked cabochons are then dried, polished, and air cured.

Abstract: A gas distributor assembly for a cooking appliance. In one implementation the assembly includes at least one gas burner, a distributor conduit fitted with at least one regulation tap to regulate the passage of a gas flow to the corresponding burner, and a safety valve to open or close the passage of the gas flow to the burners. The distributor conduit is connected to the safety valve, the safety valve having a valve body that includes an inlet conduit for receiving the gas flow, an outlet conduit, and an intermediate conduit that connects the inlet conduit to the outlet conduit, an axial axis of the inlet conduit and an axial axis of the outlet conduit being arranged substantially parallel to each other and not coaxial. An electrovalve housed in the valve body of the safety valve opens or closes the passage of the gas flow to the outlet conduit.

Abstract: A collapsible shield acts as a safety device for a stove when in a second, expanded, position by limiting access to (or interaction with) items on a stove top, thereby preventing possible burns or injuries around the stove. The collapsible shield may be stored and concealed in a first, collapsed position when not in use. The collapsible shield includes at least a first, proximal segment and a second, distal segment which is configured to move vertically and pivotally with respect to the first, proximal segment.

Abstract: An oven that generates impingement air with a jet nozzle that includes a nozzle insert that provides a slot-shaped orifice through which the air flows toward a product to be heated or cooled. In particular, an oven for cooking a food product is disclosed in which a plurality of the jet nozzles produces an overall turbulence and a homogeneous heat transfer at a surface of the food product.

Abstract: The cooker is equipped with a heating chamber (2) that has an open part (2d) in the front surface and that holds the material to be cooked, an opening/closing door (3) that has a see-through window (4) and that opens and closes the open part, a suction intake opening (2a) that is open in one of the side walls that faces the heating chamber (2), an air discharge outlet (2b) that is open in the other side wall of the heating chamber (2), and a circulation duct (20) that has first and second side surface parts (20a, 20b) that are provided outside of the two side walls of the heating chamber (2) and that connect the suction intake opening (2a) provided at the first side surface part (20a) and the air discharge outlet (2b) provided at the second side surface part (20b), and a circulation fan (21) that is provided inside the circulation duct (20) and that draws in gas inside the heating chamber (2) through the suction intake opening (2a) and blows it out through the air discharge outlet (2b).

Abstract: A temperature control system for controlling the rate of flow of a flammable fluid at generally constant pressure is disclosed. The system may include a flow control apparatus that is free of a regulator mechanism, for affecting the flow of the fluid. The flow control apparatus may be operable between at least a first flow rate and a second flow rate, and may have at least one upstream opening and at least one downstream opening. The system may also include a first burner in fluid communication with the downstream opening of the flow control apparatus and a conduit in fluid communication at one end thereof with the upstream opening of the flow control apparatus, and configured at the other end thereof for connection to a fuel supply. A thermocouple may be located in the vicinity of the burner, for converting a sensed thermal state into an electrical signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides advantageous warmer assemblies. More particularly, the present disclosure provides for improved air activated warmer assemblies and improved methods for rapidly elevating the temperature of a container/vessel and/or the contents therein (e.g., liquids and/or foods in a container or vessel, such as a baby bottle or the like). In exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure provides for improved portable, disposable, cost effective, efficient and/or easy-to-use air activated systems/methods/assemblies for rapidly elevating the temperature of liquids and/or foods in a container or vessel. The improved air activated assemblies and systems of the present disclosure may be utilized by a user essentially anywhere and at any time to rapidly elevate the temperature of the contents of a container or vessel.

Abstract: A cooking appliance a gas burner configured to generate a quantity of heat is disclosed. The cooking appliance also includes a pressure sensor operable to measure the pressure of gas supplied to the gas burner from a gas control valve. The gas control valve is operable to adjust the supply of gas to the gas burner based on the measured pressure of the gas.

Abstract: A cooking appliance having a gas burner operable to generate a quantity of heat is disclosed. The cooking appliance also includes a pressure sensor operable to measure the pressure of gas supplied to the gas burner from a gas valve. The gas valve is programmed to adjust the supply of gas to the gas burner based on the measured pressure of the gas.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating steam using solar energy are provided here. The methods and systems can be used to generate steam of a desired quality, e.g. about 70%, or superheated steam. Some methods for producing steam of a desired quality comprise flowing water into an inlet of receiver in a linear Fresnel reflector system, wherein the receiver comprises multiple parallel tubes ti connected in parallel, and i=1,k, and irradiating each tube ti along its respective length Li with solar radiation so that solar radiation absorbed at each tube generates thermal input along its length and so that water begins to boil in at least one of the tubes at a point ?i along its length. The methods comprise using one or more temperatures Ti in an economizer region of a tube ti or one or more changes in length of the tubes as input to a controller that controls mass flow of water into each of the multiple tubes, thereby controlling quality of steam exiting the receiver.

Abstract: A solar reflector assembly is provided for generating energy from solar radiation. The solar reflector assembly is configured to be deployed on a supporting body of liquid and to reflect solar radiation to a solar collector. A solar reflector assembly comprises an inflatable elongated tube having an upper portion formed at least partially of flexible material and a lower ballast portion formed at least partially of flexible material. A reflective sheet is coupled to a wall of the tube to reflect solar radiation. The elongated tube has an axis of rotation oriented generally parallel to a surface of a supporting body of liquid.

Abstract: A conventional respiratory nebulizer has an emergency medication dose storage system delivering the stored medication dose directly to the nebulizing chamber with a single impulse of manual force to a simple mechanical delivery system, thereby making the nebulizer useable in two steps: (a) opening the medication capsule with a simple opening action; and (b) inhaling the nebulized medication. The nebulizer can be operated without disassembling the nebulizer housing so as to expose the nebulizing chamber and without manually opening the liquid medication container and, without spillage and without manual pouring of the liquid medication directly into the nebulizing chamber, and without reassembling the nebulizer housing before positioning the inhaler mouthpiece in the mouth so as to inhale the nebulized medication. The delivery system includes a pressure burstable seal at one end of the capsule, which is burst by the application of force against the opposite end of the capsule.

Abstract: An inhaler (1) is proposed for delivering a preferably powdered formulation from a blister strip (3) having a plurality of blister pockets (4). The inhaler comprises a life span blocking device (31) which blocks opening of a cover (15) of the inhaler in a blocking state by means of locking element (39) interlocking the cover with a housing (19) of the inhaler.

Abstract: This invention relates to a personal air purifier having a housing with a filtering-and-purifying unit, a fan and an air-velocity-controlling unit therein. Under the control of the air-velocity-controlling unit, the fan can draw air through an air inlet into the housing and supply it via the filtering-and-purifying unit and a vent hole to the user, with comfortable air pressure and the filtering-and-purifying unit can purify most of the harmful substances from the air, making the air well purified. The vent hole is formed in the housing and connected with a duct that is extending to the user's nostril to supply the well purified air to the user. The personal air purifier is able to be carried on the shoulder or belt of the user anywhere, and is able to be activated by the solar energy when it is used outdoors.

Abstract: This disclosure describes methods and apparatus for indicating battery cell status on a battery pack assembly used during mechanical ventilation. Embodiments described herein seek to provide methods for indicating battery cell status on the exposed exterior of a battery assembly pack both when the battery is in use and when the battery is not in use during mechanical ventilation. Embodiments utilize power from the ventilator as well as power from the battery pack itself to light the indicators during periods of battery use and non-use, respectively. Embodiments described herein further seek to provide an apparatus indicating battery cell status on the exposed exterior of the battery pack assembly during mechanical ventilation. Embodiments described herein further seek to provide an apparatus for a battery pack assembly used during mechanical ventilation. Embodiments described herein seek to provide a system for a ventilation system with an inserted battery pack assembly.

Abstract: A delivery device for delivering a metered amount of substance, the delivery device comprising: a mouthpiece (17) through which a user in use exhales; an outlet (19) through which substance is in use delivered; a housing (21) fluidly connected to the mouthpiece and the outlet, such, that exhalation by the user through the mouthpiece creates an air flow through the housing and from the outlet; and a substance-dispensing unit (25) which is disposed within the housing and operative to dispense a metered amount of substance into an entraining air flow as created through the housing.

Abstract: The portable essence vaporizer according to the present invention comprises a heat source for heating up an air flow which is passed through a substance from which the essence is to be extracted and is supplied to the user, and it comprises a heat exchanger which provides heat generated by the heat source to the air flow, and a thermal insulation which insulates the exterior from the heat source and the exchanger, said insulation being preferably microporous and having monolithic structures of metal oxides, amorphous silica or glass filaments, and the heat exchanger comprising an open cell foam structure; the vaporizer provides a satisfactory extraction and at the same time is of reduced size and has reduced electrical consumption.

Abstract: An exhalation valve assembly that controls the pressure of exhaled gas in a ventilation system is described. The exhalation valve assembly includes an actuator module that may be fixed to the ventilation system and a valve module, removable for cleaning or disposal, through which the exhaled gas flows and that controls the pressure and release of the exhaled gas to the environment. Other components may also be incorporated into the assembly including a filter module, a flow meter and a condensate trap.

Abstract: A control system for a high frequency oscillating ventilator (HFOV) includes an oscillator controller and a mean airway pressure (MAP) controller. The HFOV includes a reciprocating piston which is adapted to generate positive and negative pressure waves for delivery to a patient airway. The oscillator controller comprises a pair of closed loop control circuits including an oscillator pressure loop and a centering loop which are collectively adapted to regulate frequency and amplitude of piston reciprocations and centering of the piston. The MAP controller comprises a closed loop control circuit that is adapted for regulating MAP at the patient utilizing feedback in the form of patient circuit pressure. Likewise, the oscillator controller utilizes patient circuit pressure as well as piston displacement feedback in order to regulate movement of the piston.

Abstract: An exhalation valve assembly that controls the pressure of exhaled gas in a ventilation system is described. The exhalation valve assembly includes an actuator module that may be fixed to the ventilation system and a valve module, removable for cleaning or disposal, through which the exhaled gas flows and that controls the pressure and release of the exhaled gas to the environment. Other components may also be incorporated into the assembly including a filter module, a flow meter and a condensate trap.