Abstract: The roll calender containing superimposed rolls is provided with base elements which are vertically adjustable at the roll stand and in which there are pivotably mounted movable substantially lever-shaped elements. The roll bearings of the rolls of the roll calender are located at the ends of the movable substantially lever-shaped elements. Between the base elements and the movable substantially lever-shaped elements there are arranged force-applying elements which serve for compensation of overhanging loads. There are also provided stops against which the movable substantially lever-shaped elements are supported when the roll calender is opened or nip relieved.

Abstract: A roll for use in the system of rolls of a calender has a stationary carrier which is surrounded by a deformable hollow cylindrical shell movable radially relative to the carrier and having end portions which surround and are rotatable relative to rings which are also movable relative to the carrier in the radial direction of the shell. The rings can be arrested in selected positions with reference to the carrier by pairs of hydraulic cylinder and piston units which are connected with the outlets of pumps or with the outlet of a single pump by conduits containing shutoff valves. Refilling devices are provided to compensate for leakage of fluid from the chambers. The shell is deformable by rows of hydrostatic supporting elements which react against the carrier and bear against the internal surface of the shell.

Abstract: A compactor comprising a frame with a fluid operated, double acting ram mounted on the frame. A compactor plate is slidably mounted in the frame to be reciprocable by the ram. A back plate is positioned at an end of the frame remote from the ram. A container receives material to be compacted. The container is mounted adjacent the back plate. The container is open ended and has a top, sides and a base. The base is hingedly attached to one side. The compactor plate can be received in the container so that material in the container can be compacted by the plate. A housing in the container top allows lifting of the container for unloading of compacted material by hinging downwardly of the base. This housing comprises a plurality of open mouthed compartments arranged in a circle and extending upwardly outwardly to receive a grapple of a lifting crane for lifting the container.

Abstract: A roller press has a press roll and at least one pressure roll applying pressure to it. In the end region of each pressure roll, there is an associated positioning cylinder. The positioning cylinders relieve the pressure of the pressure roll against the press roll automatically upon an impermissible increase in the operating pressure in the positioning cylinder. For this purpose, each positioning cylinder has a safety valve which is operated either by the working fluid in the positioning cylinder to the pressure relief condition or by an electrical signal, in different embodiments, to relieve pressure in the positioning cylinder. The safety valves are coupled to each other by a signal line. When one safety valve relieves one positioning cylinder, all of the positioning cylinders are relieved.

Abstract: Method for stabilizing a glide shoe loaded against an inner face of a revolving mantle of a roll adjustable in zones. The glide shoe is supported by an articulated joint on a piston which loads the glide shoe with adjustable pressure. In order to ensure lubrication of the glide face between the glide shoe and the inner face of the roll mantle, within an area of a front edge of the glide face as seen in a direction of rotation of the roll mantle, a shifting and/or steepening of compression pressure applied by the glide shoe through lubricant onto the inner face of the roll mantle is produced by means of a wedge space within the front edge of the glide face, said shifting and/or steepening in turn generating a moment having a direction opposite to a direction of a moment produced by frictional force of the glide face of the shoe. The thickness of the lubricant film is increased by this moment in the area of the front side of the glide face.

Abstract: Between an uppermost roll and a lowermost roll there are arranged intermediate rolls mounted with their axles in levers. These levers extend across the width of the roll stand of the calender and are vertically pivotably suspended at a pivot at the roll stand. Nip relieving devices act upon these levers and are supported at a support defining a support location at the roll stand. Each pivot is arranged at an associated bearing element which is elevationally adjustable and which is located at the rear side of the roll stand remote from the rolls. If the position of the intermediate rolls change in vertical direction, the related bearing elements are correspondingly individually and vertically displaced, so that the levers are brought into an essentially horizontal position at which the axles of the intermediate rolls and the pivots of the related levers are located in each case in a related horizontal plane.

Abstract: A rolling stand includes a stationary roll and at least one movable roll in spaced-apart relationship with the journals of the movable roll supported in a bearing unit which cooperates with a control mechanism for radially displacing the movable roll relative to the stationary roll and thus for adjusting the gap therebetween. The bearing unit includes two separate radial bearings with one radial bearing cooperating with a control element and with the other radial bearing acted upon by a work element which applies a counterforce in opposition to the force exerted by the control element.

Abstract: A system of rolls for use in a calender has an end roll with a fixed carrier and a deformable hollow cylindrical shell surrounding the carrier with freedom of radial movement and defining with a neighboring roll an elongated nip for a running web of paper, textile material or the like. The end roll has a row of primary hydrostatic supporting elements disposed between the carrier and the shell adjacent the nip and a row of secondary hydrostatic supporting elements diametrically opposite the row of primary supporting elements. The bearings between the end portions of the shell and the carrier surround rings which are movable relative to the carrier radially of the shell and can be arrested in selected positions by cylinder and piston units which are connected to a source of pressurized fluid by way of shutoff valves.

Abstract: A setting device for adjusting the position of a roll with respect to a mating roll, as in the press section of a paper machine, or the like. A roll trunnion or journal at the end of the roll is received in a bearing which is supported in a bearing housing that is axially outward of the roll. The outer part of the bearing is in turn supported to an actuator which is shiftable to move the roll transversely of its axis with respect to the mating roll. A base plate hydraulically supports and raises the actuator for the bearing housing. A guide plate supported to the base plate extends past the roll trunnion or journal. Linear motion guide elements for guiding the motion of the bearing housing under the influence of the actuator are provided. They are guide claws on the bearing housing which wrap around the guide plate and move along it. An additional actuator piston operates on the roll trunnion or journal to move it in the opposite direction from the actuator.

Abstract: A roll arrangement for calendars or super-calendars is provided by the combination of two rolls which together form a press nip wherein one of the rolls is solely deflection-controllable and the other roll is solely temperature-controllable zone by zone. The temperature-controllable roll has a tubular rotatable roll shell and a stationary core extending through the roll shell. The space between the roll shell and the core is divided by means of several peripheral seals into numerous annular chambers. A flow of fluid is guided through each of the annular chambers. The fluid temperature in each annular chamber is independently controllable. Consequently the temperature-controlled roll shell can be heated by the fluid to different degrees along the axis thereof to control its external diameter along each zone. The peripheral seals are sized to have free play in a direction transverse to the roll axis and are constructed as endless, metallic rings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining substantially uniform profiles of the roll mantles of an adjustable-crown roll and a counter-roll at a nip formed therebetween wherein the bearing distance of the counter-roll is substantially larger than the bearing distance of the adjustable-crown roll and wherein the nip is loaded by load forces applied to one or both rolls, preferably at regions of the bearings. A compensation moment is produced by devices situated within the mantle of the adjustable-crown roll between the bearings thereof loading both end regions of the roll mantle, the magnitude of the moment adjustable by adjusting the moment-producing compensation force such that the profiles of the deflected roll mantles of the adjustable-crown roll and the counter-roll at the nip are substantially uniform.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the transverse distribution of pressure applied to a web passing through a nip formed between a pressure zone-adjustable device having a first number (K) of separately adjustable pressure zones, including those for roll loading cylinders, if any, and a counter-member. A desired linear load profile comprising a second number (N) of setting zone set values for a corresponding number (N) of setting zones is provided, the second number (N) of the setting zones being substantially greater than the first number (K) of actual pressure zones. The second number (N) of setting zone set values are input to a zone conversion unit which is programmed with a mathematical model of the nip and are converted to a first number (K) of pressure zone set values so than an actual transverse distribution of pressure applied to the web is obtained having a minimal deviation from the setting zone set value distribution.

Abstract: An apparatus for prepressing an assembly of stacked, superimposed glass and plastic sheets for subsequent autoclave lamination to provide a glazing includes a frame positioned between a delivery conveyor and a discharge conveyor and carrying prepress and support rollers. The prepress rollers are rotatably mounted in pairs and attached to air cylinders which retract the rollers during entry of an assembly in order to clear a vacuum ring which extends about a peripheral edge of the assembly and then extend the rollers into contact with an upper surface of the assembly to apply pressure thereto. The assembly is supported from its bottom side by the support rollers which are rotatably attached to the frame and are located on either side of a plurality of drive rollers which are rotatably attached to the frame in pairs. The drive rollers are of different diameters and are adjustably mounted on an axis of rotation which is tilted from the horizontal path of the assembly.

Abstract: A differential pressure actuator includes two fluid containing bags mounted on opposite sides of a support bar, and one of the bags is coupled to a load by means of a plate at the side of the bag opposite the bar. The other bag is also coupled to the load by means of a second plate mounted at the opposite end of the other bag, and the second plate is mechanically connected to the first plate by rods. Both of the bags contained a pressurized fluid in excess of atmospheric pressure, and the difference in the forces generated by the two bags is impressed upon the load. The load is a movable roller in a ringer for coating steel, and the movable roller is provided with separate actuators at opposite ends of the roller.

Abstract: A control valve for regulating and maintaining the pressure ratio between two pressures (p.sub.1 and p.sub.2) associated, respectively, with two separate pressure systems at a constant value. In particular, the pressure (p.sub.2), prevailing in hydraulic cylinders which serve to press one press roll against a counter roll in a roll press, is controlled as a function of the pressure (p.sub.1) of the fluid which transfers the contact pressure in a deflection adjusting roll of the roll press. The control valve includes a piston, movably disposed in the housing of the control valve, and provided with a first end face area (A1) at one end thereof and a second end face area (A2) at the opposite end thereof. The end face area (A1) is subjected to the first pressure (p.sub.1) in a first pressure chamber (1a) and the second end face area (A2) is subjected to the second pressure (p.sub.2) in a second pressure chamber (2a).

Abstract: A device for controlling the diameter of cylindrical sections of a rotating calender roll. The device comprises at least one nozzle which directs a jet of air against the calender roll. The flow of air from each nozzle remains approximately constant. Only the temperature of the jets change as heating elements associated with each nozzle are energized or deenergized. Thermal expansion or contraction, resulting from localized heating or cooling by the air jets, corrects local non-uniformities in the calender roll diameter.

Abstract: An electrical air heater for a calender roll diameter control device is described. The heater comprises a tube for directing a flow of air along the inside of the tube from a plenum toward an object which is to be heated. An electrically resistive heating element is mounted inside the tube to heat the flow of air as it flows from the rear to the front of the tube. Since the air is heated by the heating element inside the tube, the air is coolest when it first enters the tube and hottest where it escapes at the front of the tube. Similarly, the heating element is cooled by the air and is, therefore, hottest near the front of the tube where the heated air escapes. The hotter front end of the heating element tends to burn out faster than the cooler end of the heating element. To prolong the life of the heater, openings are provided in the tube wall to admit a flow of cooling air at the hottest part of the heating element.

Abstract: A hydraulic adjustment motor containing a piston-and-cylinder unit is provided at the roll surface of a roll to be moved to position the roll surface relative to another roll surface of a further roll. Each adjustment motor is arranged between the related roll surface to be moved and its related roll stand. A regulation device is arranged between a pressure source, the pressure chamber of the adjustment motor and a hydraulic medium vessel. This regulation device regulates impingement of the pressure chamber with different pressures up to the maximum pressure of the pressure source and regulates the outflow of a selected volume of the hydraulic medium out of the pressure chamber, correlated to the desired lowering of each roll surface, during lowering of the roll surface and for maintaining a residual volume of the hydraulic medium. Consequently, there is provided a defined relative position between the roll surfaces.

Abstract: A calender roll wherein the flexible shell is supported by a row of primary hydrostatic bearing elements serving to transmit first forces toward the nip of such roll with a second roll and wherein the shell is further acted upon by a row of secondary hydrostatic bearing elements which generate second forces opposing the first forces. The rate of fluid flow through the secondary bearing elements is regulated with a view to conform the temperature of the shell along the nip of the two rolls to a preselected pattern. To this end, the compensator of a computer in the fluid pressure regulating unit insures that pressure changes are distributed among the primary and secondary bearing elements with a view to match each change of the first forces by an equal change of the second forces. The temperature of the fluid is regulated only ahead of the regulating unit.

Abstract: A running web which contains moisture is caused to travel through the nip of two squeezing rollers one of which is deformable in that it comprises a stationary carrier and a cylindrical shell which surrounds the carrier and also surrounds a first set of inflatable cushions adjacent the nip and a second set of inflatable cushions opposite the first set. Sensors monitor the moisture content of selected longitudinally extending portions of the web, and the signals which are generated by such sensors are processed by an evaluating circuit and are transmitted to valves which regulate the pressure of pneumatic fluid in the cushions. Each cushion of the second set registers with a cushion of the first set, and the registering cushions can receive fluid from associated sets of valves including a pressure regulating valve which can increase or reduce the pressure of fluid in the respective cushions and a second valve which can shift the admission of fluid from one into the other of the registering valves.

Abstract: An apparatus for the clearance-free mounting of at least one of the rollers in the support column of a calender. The mounting is for producing plastics material films achieved by means of a roller bearing which is divided into three, a central section or ring and two laterally outer sections or rings in a direction transverse to the major axis of the roller journalled to rotate therein. Each bearing ring or section comprises an inner ring portion, at least one row of cylinder rollers, an outer ring portion and a bearing body portion. Pressure applicator means are provided for displacing the central section relative to the two laterally outer sections or rings in a direction towards and away from the roller journalled therein so as to eliminate play within the bearing. To eliminate the play between the bearing body and the calender support column, an additional pressure applicator means is provided which is incorporated in the calender support column.

Abstract: A calender wherein a permanently installed main roll cooperates with at least one exchangeable roll to provide a nip for the passage of a web of paper or the like. The end portions of the exchangeable roll are mounted in bearings which are insertable into and extractible from sockets provided in levers which are pivotably mounted in the frame of the calender. The calender has a transporting unit which is provided with grippers for the bearings and with motors which reciprocate the grippers to extract the bearings from their sockets after the levers are pivoted to positions in which the exchangeable roll is spaced apart from the main roll. The transporting unit thereupon transfers the exchangeable roll onto a mobile rack which can be transported to a station where the exchangeable roll is repaired.

Abstract: A device for controlling the diameter of cylindrical sections of a rotating calender roll. The device comprises at least one nozzle which directs a jet of air against the calender roll. The flow of air from each nozzle remains approximately constant. Only the temperature of the jets change as heating elements associated with each nozzle are energized or deenergized. Thermal expansion or contraction, resulting from localized heating or cooling by the air jets, corrects local non-uniformities in the calender roll diameter.

Abstract: A laminating station includes fixed parts and movably mounted parts, the latter forming, together with a torsion tube and a laminating roller, a parallel rocker. A second laminating roller and a spacer tube are mounted in the fixed parts of the laminating station. The two laminating rollers and under them the torsion tube and the spacer tube are mounted in side walls of the laminating station. The nip between the two laminating rollers is adjustable, and the movable parts are pivotable about the torsion tube, which functions as an axle. The laminating pressure between the two laminating rollers is fixed by means of one or two set screws and associated preset screws. The tips of the set screws press on the preset screws which, surrounded by compression springs, are enclosed in housings which are arranged underneath collars of the movable parts of the laminating station.

Abstract: In a roll arrangement a control device is applied with information concerning the width of the web, and the pressure profile to be applied to the web, and the average pressure to be applied to the web. Control signals are generated provided to support elements which support a rotatable shell of a roll on a fixed beam to create an appropriate nip pressure.

Abstract: An improved pressure actuator particularly suited to loading of rolls in the calender stack is disclosed. The actuator is formed by a pair of spaced arms interconnected by a link. A pressure absorbing locking bar is interposed between a pair of adjacent ends of the arm and a pressure actuator is interposed between the arms of the opposite side of the link. The link itself is pivoted to the frame so that movement of the link around its pivot point on the frame causes the arms to move so that one arm moves into an active position and the other into a reactive or pressure applying position and vice versa. In the reactive position, a locking member on a pressure plate that engages the locking bar locks the arm in reactive position in position so that pressure applied by the actuator between the opposite ends forces the other arm to pivot around its pivotal connection to the link, thereby applying pressure to a load in one direction.

Abstract: A roller mill, in which the milling rollers are pressed together with high pressures, has a fluidic device for imparting the respective pressure. This fluidic device comprises piston-cylinder units and a pressure line for the fluid. In order to obtain a skewing of at least one roller in dependency upon the pressure exerted by the fluidic device, pressure sensitive means are interposed between the pressure line and a displacing device for the skewing angle. In this way, a pressure signal may be transferred to a converter for converting the pressure into a corresponding displacement stroke. Preferably, at least one roller has a basic camber or crown which corresponds to a pressure within a lower range of the occurring pressures.

Abstract: A control device in particular in a multi-roll press (22 to 24) of a calender intended for the glazing of a continuous thin web, such as a paper web, which said press comprises a compensated upper roll (22), a compensated lower roll (24), and at least one press roll (23) fitted between the rolls. The control device itself comprises a press-load control circuit (B, C, D, 11, 14, 15; A, 29, 30), a compensation circuit (E, 16, 17) for the upper roll (22), as well as a compensation circuit (F, 27, 28) for the lower roll (24). According to the invention, both of the compensated circuits (E, 16, 17 and F, 27, 28) are, via their own feedbacks (12 and 13), connected to the control circuit (B), which is fitted so as to select the most slowly changing one from among the signals of the feedbacks (12 and 13) and to brake down the roll (22 or 24) whose compensation is being varied most rapidly.

Abstract: The roll assembly of a calender has at least one roll with a deformable shell which surrounds a rigid carrier and whose end portions surround discrete antifriction bearings. The intermediate portion of the shell surrounds one or more rows of hydrostatic supporting elements which can be acted upon by adjustable fluid-operated motors to change the shape of the intermediate portion in a plane including the axes of the one roll and the neighboring roll as well as at right angles to such plane. Stresses which are applied to the bearings for the end portions of the shell are monitored by several sensors which transmit signals to a control system to regulate the deformation of the shell in such a way that the stresses upon the bearings are minimized or reduced to zero. This enables the intermediate portion of the shell to undergo deformation which is best suited for optimum treatment of the material passing through the nip of the one roll and the neighboring roll.

Abstract: A system for controlling the pressure applied on the roll bearings of chocolate refining machines comprises, in addition to a linked multi-pressure control circuit, an additional circuit for applying linked single-pressure control, a selector valve enabling switching of one or the other of the operating modes.The dual-function system imparts refining machines with universal operation capabilities.

Abstract: Regulating means in a roller press comprising a number of rolls for the adjustment of a press load and a deflection in deflection compensated rolls, especially in a calander stack provided for the glazing of a continuous thin running web like a paper web. The outer-most rolls in said roller press comprise means for the deflection compensation and one or several different press rolls, which are located between these outer-most rolls. Said roller press is provided with a feed-back connection arranged between a control circuit of the press load and a deflection compensation circuit of the deflection compensated rolls, which feed-back maintains a ratio between the press load and the hydraulic pressure in a roll of said compensable rolls.

Abstract: A fodder conditioner, also known as a fodder squeezer, includes at least two horizontal rotating rollers, kinematic and constructional devices for securing the rollers in a mutual substantially parallel relationship, spaced apart at preset positions with respect to each other and to the ground, and a motor kinetically coupled to the rollers. At least one of the rollers is formed from an elastomeric material such as rubber, is of hollow construction, and is secured, mechanically and in an air-tight manner, to a shaft extending coaxially with the rotation axis of the rollers, with the two ends of the shaft protruding out of the roller ends.

Abstract: A supercalender at the output of a paper machine includes two pairs of zone-wise deflection-controlled rollers. Each pair has a hard surface roller and a soft roller with an elastic outer layer or covering having a minimum hardness of 85.degree. Shore D. The hard rollers are disposed on one side and the soft rollers on the other side of the travel path of the paper.

Abstract: A calender roll wherein a hollow rotary cylindrical shell surrounds a stationary carrier and the latter supports a set of hydraulic cylinder and piston units serving to urge the external surface of a bearing element toward the internal surface of the shell. The external surface of the bearing element is formed with liquid-filled pockets each of which communicates with the cylinder chamber of a pressure generating unit. The cylinder chambers receive pressurized liquid from a pump via first conduits whose resistance to the flow of liquid is more pronounced than that of second conduits which directly connect the cylinder chambers with one or more hydropneumatic accumulators.

Abstract: Load transfer rod columns extending upwardly along slide blocks of the bearing structures of calender rolls have associated therewith hydraulically operated assemblies for acting on the bearing structures whereby to selectively transfer to the rod columns the overhanging deadweight of the bearing structures when the rolls are in their nipping mode for maintaining the rolls in straight and parallel nip relation. The rod columns thrust downwardly against a load supporting base, which conveniently comprises the slide blocks of a king roll at the bottom of the calender stack.

Abstract: An arrangement for calendering bands of paper and like materials has one or more inelastic calendering rollers. Elastically deformable working rollers are associated with the calendering roller or rollers and are movable between operative positions in which they cooperate with the calendering roller or rollers to calender the bands and inoperative positions. Each of the rollers is rotated at a predetermined peripheral speed at which it calenders the bands. At least one of the working rollers has a drive capable of rotating it at a peripheral speed which is a small fraction of the predetermined peripheral speed. This working roller serves as a spare and is held in its inoperative position during a calendering operation while being rotated at a lower peripheral speed.

Abstract: For operating the rollers and the steam chest in a laundry flatwork ironer a hydraulic system is provided which includes a hydraulic motor for driving the rollers, hydraulic cylinder-and-piston units for raising the steam chest, and a pump for operating the motor and the cylinder-and-piston units. Valves between the pump and the motor are selectively operable to establish low pressure standby operation of the pump with the hydraulic motor off, or low speed operation of the motor to jog the rollers or higher speed operation of the motor to drive the rollers at a speed appropriate for laundry flatwork. Other valves between the pump and the cylinder-and-piston units are selectively operable to raise the steam chest, reduce the cylinder pressure after the steam chest has been raised, and to increase the cylinder pressure whenever laundry flatwork is in the ironer.

Abstract: A positioning mechanism for four column calender machines is disclosed. The mechanism employs an interconnected piston and cylinder arrangement to permit the rolls to be quickly separated and subsequently automatically repositioned. The rolls are supported on a plate assembly movable on a vertically disposed way mounted on the columns. A lost motion arrangement is provided in the plate assembly so that when a paper break occurs or when it is otherwise desired to separate the rolls quickly, the cylinders are released permitting rapid relative movement between the rolls to prevent damage.

Abstract: An extended nip press for a paper machine for removing water from a wet fibrous or porous web. The press comprises two parallel, rotating press rolls which are pressed against each other and form therebetween a press nip through which a web to be dried passes together with at least one drier felt. At least one of the press rolls is provided with a hard support cylinder and a flexibly compressible shell layer surrounding said cylinder so that the press nip forms an extended press zone. In order to equalize the pressure and the temperature in the press zone, the shell layer is provided with a flexible layer formed by at least one liquid-filled cavity and a gas-filled cell disposed in the cavity, said flexible layer surrounding the support cylinder at least corresponding to the width of the web.

Abstract: In a rolling mill containing two work rolls and, as desired, supporting or back-up rolls, a rapid adjustment of the roll gap or nip with elimination of effects due to elastic elongation of the roll framework or stand is achieved in that when structuring at least one of the rolls as a controlled deflection roll containing a stationary roll support and a rotatable roll shell rotating thereabout, there is measured the position of the inner side or surface of the roll shell and an automatic control serves to adjust or readjust the roll gap or nip by causing changes in the pressure exerted upon the hydrostatic supporting or pressure elements placed intermediate the stationary roll support and the rotatable roll shell.

Abstract: In a supercalender at the laterally opposite sides of a driven hard roll supported for rotation at a fixed position by a frame there are arranged a pair of roll assemblies, each including at least one elastic roll and at least one hard roll detachably engageable with each other. The two roll assemblies are selectively engageable with the driven hard roll supported at a fixed position to form a series of rolls which are in contact together under pressure in such a manner that one of the roll assemblies is in an operative condition while the other roll assembly is in a rest position.

Abstract: A calender wherein the bearings for the end portions of the uppermost roll carry pressure transducers in the form of inflatable plenum chambers or hydraulic cylinder and piston units operable to bear against the lower end faces of vertical feed screws which are axially movably mounted in the support to move the bearings through distances of up to 800 mm. The pressure transducers can shift the bearings for the uppermost roll through distances of up to 25 mm, and they are movable transversely of the respective feed screws or vice versa to compensate for manufacturing tolerances, wear and/or unequal stresses. The lowermost roll is normally held at a predetermined level by a pair of fluid-operated motors which urge the respective bearings against the undersides of stops provided therefor on the support.

Abstract: There is disclosed a dewatering roller assembly for Foulard fabrics or the like characterized in that the two rollers through which the fabric strip is passed are caused to bend or deform about mutually corresponding bending lines so that a uniform gap or a predictably variable gap between the rollers is achieved.

Abstract: The invention concerns a press roll having adjustable sag capability, principally for use in paper making machinery, or the like. The press roll includes a hollow, rotatable shell supported by a non-rotatable yoke and hydraulic support elements between the shell and the yoke transfer the press forces from the shell to the yoke. Each end region of the yoke is supported by a stationary support block. The connection between the yoke and the stationary support block is at a particular location. A mating roll cooperating with the press roll is supported by bearings longitudinally positioned approximately at the location of the connection between the support block and the yoke. An additional hydraulic supporting element is defined between the roll shell and the yoke and the longitudinal location of the yoke support piece and the mating roll bearing. The roll shell is supported on a stationary guide element with respect to which the roll shell rotates.

Abstract: A calender wherein the lowermost roll of the roll train has a hollow cylindrical member spacedly surrounding a shaft-like carrier whose end portions are mounted in bearings movable up and down along guide rails on the stand. The end portions of the cylindrical member contain inserts serving to confine the cylindrical member to vertical reciprocatory movements relative to the carrier. The cylindrical member further contains a battery of cylinder and piston units which maintain the cylindrical member in an upper end position relative to the carrier. Additional cylinder and piston units maintain the carrier in an upper end position relative to the stand by urging shoulders which are provided on the bearings against stationary stops on the stand.

Abstract: A calender wherein the uppermost and lowermost rolls of the roll train have hollow cylindrical members with inserts which cooperate with corresponding shaft-like carriers to confine the cylindrical members to vertical movements relative to their carriers. The end portions of the carriers are mounted in bearings which are movable along vertical guides in the stand of the calender. The cylindrical members contain rows of hydraulic cylinder and piston units which urge the cylindrical members against the neighboring rolls of the roll train, and the inserts in one of the cylindrical members cooperate with the corresponding carrier to hold the respective cylindrical member against movement from a fixed end position which the cylindrical member assumes when the calender is in use.

Abstract: A pair of laminating rolls are respectively connected to a first and a second actuating arm themselves pivotally mounted to a slotted actuating link. The link is itself pivotally mounted to a single actuator. The link is arranged such that opening and closing forces are simultaneously applied to the arms to open and close the laminating rolls.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for the compression treatment of a material web in a calender or the like, wherein the pressure in the roller nip can be precisely set and regulated by the comparison between the set point value and the actual value of the pressure in the roller nip. The actual pressure is determined by a pressure measuring element mounted on a piston supported against the rollers of the calender or in the bearings of such a roller, taking into consideration the weight of the directly supported roller.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for dewatering screenings collected at a sewage treatment plant or the like continuously and effectively by preliminary and secondary dewatering processes. Any alien substance mixed in the screenings such as stone, chips of wood, etc. which cannot be dewatered can be detected automatically and extracted immediately, without suspending the operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for leveling the surface of a strip of paper. The apparatus has at least two rollers forming a roller pair, which can be pressed against the strip of paper guided between them with an adjustable force by means of a load device. At least one roller may have a surface which can be influenced by means of a temperature device.