Abstract: Calender apparatus for paper or the like adapted to be directly associated with a paper machine and to operate as an on-machine supercalender includes a plurality of hard calendering rolls arranged over one another so as to form a stack of hard rolls and a plurality of soft calendering rolls adapted to define a series of soft supercalender nips with the hard rolls. The hard and soft rolls are mounted on drivable support apparatus whereby the hard nips defined by the hard rolls can be opened and the soft supercalender nips closed in order to accomplish supercalendering operation on a web passing through the apparatus.

Abstract: A calender for a traveling web is disclosed. A frame includes an upper part and a lower part, the lower part having a pair of vertical arms at each end, and the upper part being connected to the upper end of the arms. Bearing brackets are disposed at each end of the frame, between the vertical arms at that end. At least two horizontal rollers are accommodated in the bearing brackets, substantially in a single vertical pressing plane. The bearing brackets are held in place by the vertical arms and the upper part of the frame. Preferably, the upper part of the frame itself serves as the bearing bracket for the upper roller, and the bearing brackets may be secured to at least one of the vertical arms at each end of the frame.

Abstract: A mill, particularly a mill for extracting juice from cane sugar, has a fixed top roller (24), and feed discharge rollers (25) and (26) which are independently pivotable by respective power operated means (47, 51) to vary the feed opening between the feed roller and top roller and the discharge opening between discharge roller and top roller. A trash plate (55) for transferring material between the feed opening and the discharge opening is connected to the feed roller for pivotable movement therewith.

Abstract: A calender wherein the end portions of the lowermost roll of the roll train was mounted for movement along vertical guide rails on the stand. The lowermost roll is movable upwardly by two upright hydrostatic cylinder and piston units with plungers whose axes are coplanar with the axis of the lowermost roll. When the cylinder and piston units lift the lowermost roll to operative position, shoulders on the bearings abut against stationary stops on the stand and the stops are disposed only at one side of the common plane of the aforementioned axes so that the bearings tend to jam against the adjacent portions of the guide rails as soon as the shoulders engage the respective stops. The jamming action is enhanced if the stops are remote from the aforementioned plane and if the guide rails have T-shaped heads which are slidable in complementary T-shaped grooves of the bearings. The stops are installed at the level of the axis of the lowermost roll.

Abstract: The object of the invention is an apparatus for the preliminary or final assembly of sheets of glass and/or plastic material for forming laminated glazings.The apparatus according to the invention comprises a lower pinching means following a curvature transversal to the bottom side of the rigid support of the glazing, a flexible, cylindrical pressure roller placed above the lower pinching means, means bearing on the pressure roller to give it the desired curvature, and means providing a rotational drive of the pressure roller and/or the lower pinching means.The invention is applicable to the manufacture of laminated glazings, particularly for automobile glazings or flat glass used in construction.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll comprising a stationary roll support and a roll shell rotatable about the roll support. The roll shell is guided in radial direction upon the roll support in order to perform displacement movements, typically lift movements. The controlled deflection roll is equipped with a shutoff element, a slide or a valve, which upon exceeding a given displacement magnitude of the roll shell causes outflow of pressurized fluid medium from a pressure line, and thus, prevents the development of the full pressing or contact force which otherwise could lead to destruction or damage of the roll shell. In an overflow line, branching-off of the pressure line, there can be arranged a residual pressure regulator equipped with valve means or throttle means for preventing drop of the pressure in the pressure line below a desired value.

Abstract: Molten waste glass and rejected hot glass bottles from glass moulding processes are flattened in an apparatus comprising two rollers independently driven for rotation in opposing directions and having a gap therebetween through which the hot glass fed to the apparatus can be flattened, the two rollers being urged towards each other in normal operation at least one of the rollers being pivotally mounted. In order to prevent jamming of the apparatus there are provided means for swinging the pivotally mounted roller away from its normal operating position in the event of a foreign object being accidentally dropped into the apparatus and in the event of a power failure. Also there may be provided with a cam such that by rotation of the cam the pivotally mounted roller can be moved and the normal operating gap between the rollers altered. The gap between the rollers can be altered according to the rate of glass feed, the nature of glass fed to the apparatus and the required size of cullet granules.

Abstract: A calendering machine or a similar machine which has a plurality of treating rollers arranged one above the other and movable in the vertical direction includes a structural unit for rapidly displacing the lowermost roller between its lifted position in which the rollers form treating nips with one another, and a lower position in which the rollers are spaced apart and define gaps between each other. The structural unit is connected to the bearing block of the lowermost roller and incorporates guides, upward movement limiting abutment surfaces for the bearing block, and a hydraulic cylinder-and-piston unit acting on the bearing block from below to displace the bearing block to its lifted position upon introduction of pressurized hydraulic fluid medium into its working chamber, and to permit the bearing to rapidly descend to its lower position upon discharge of the hydraulic fluid medium from its working chamber.

Abstract: A roll-journal bearing mounting is provided by a movable bearing housing from which pistons rigidly extend in opposite directions into cylinders rigidly fixed against displacement. Introduction of pressurized fluid to the cylinders moves the bearing housing either way in the direction of the pistons and cylinders. Consequently, a roll journaled by bearings in the bearing housings of two of the mountings can be moved towards and from a counter roll to apply roll nip pressure. At the same time the rigidly extending pistons in their rigidly fixed cylinders also function to hold the journal loading in a right angular direction, eliminating the need for the use of separate devices for that purpose.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll system includes a rotative cylindrical shell having an outside adapted to form a nip with a counter roll, a non-rotative shaft extending axially through and radially spaced from the shell's inside and having projecting ends to which force is applied to press the shell against the counter roll. Inside the shell pressure elements press the shell in the same direction, the counter roll providing a reaction, and because the shell does not have its ends journaled on the shaft, the shaft can float inside the shell in dependence on the forces involved. Automatic devices automatically responsive to any radial displacement of the shaft relative to the shell control the force applied to the shaft's ends so as to keep the shaft centered at its ends within the shell, permitting the application of a rotary drive to the shell.

Abstract: A device for applying an operating pressure to a roller, especially the counterroller of a unit for spreading a thin layer of material onto a strip, wherein the roller is mounted on support levers by means of eccentric bushings to which are connected pressure applying means operating by rotating the said bushings. The operating pressure is applied to the roller without involving displacements of the support levers, whose position is stationary during operation. Preferably, bars are connected to said bushings, and these bars carry at one end a counterweight, whereas the other ends thereof are connected to pneumatic cylinders, feeded through pressure adjusters, for applying the operating pressure to the roller.

Abstract: The lowermost roll of a row of superimposed rolls in the stand of a calender is movable downwardly at a continuously increasing speed through a first distance which suffices to increase the width of clearances between neighboring rolls in the event of breakage of the running web so that the rolls cannot damage each other, and thereupon through a second distance which is at least 50 percent of the first distance. The lowermost roll is braked only during movement through the second distance so that the first distance can be covered, under the action of gravity alone or under the action of gravity plus the action of several double-acting hydraulic cylinders, within a fraction of the time which is required for adequate separation of rolls in a calendar wherein the lowermost roll must be braked during travel through the first distance.

Abstract: An hydraulically controlled variable deflection roll of the type applying the deflection force between the fixed shaft and the rotative shell via piston and cylinder arrangements, as to each of the arrangements uses a large number of pistons of smaller diameter.

Abstract: A positioning mechanism for calender machines is disclosed. The mechanism employs an interconnected piston and cylinder arrangement whereby the rolls may be separated quickly and subsequently automatically repositioned. When a paper break occurs or when it is otherwise desired to separate the rolls quickly, the cylinders, by means of a lost motion connection, quickly separate the rolls by a specified amount to prevent damage to the apparatus. A hydraulic circuit maintains the spacing required for the lost motion connection and allows for interchanging of rolls of different diameters.

Abstract: A paper calender using a polyurethane coated calendering cylinder is operated with the coating maintained at an unusually low temperature found to prevent damage to the coating when calendering at high speeds and pressures.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the pressure forces effective in a rolling mill having at least one controlled deflection roll and at least one counter roll, there being provided beams for simulating the stiffness or rigidity of the counter roll and the shell of the controlled deflection roll. These are further provided pressure elements which simulate the effect of the hydrostatic pressure or support elements of the controlled deflection roll, and measuring elements serve to measure the pressure between the beams. External pressure elements can serve to simulate the effect of external contact or pressure cylinders. With a rolling mill having a number of controlled deflection rolls and a number of solid counter rolls, the beams, the pressure elements and the measuring elements can be appropriately grouped or assembled together. The measuring elements deliver signals which can be employed for controlling or regulating a corresponding rolling mill which is simulated.

Abstract: The backing device has a back-up roll placed between the housings of a roll stand and the ends of the roll are mounted in the guide windows of the housings. A hydrostatic bearing has a body which rests on the back-up roll and a shell whose internal surface is spaced by a clearance from the barrel of the back-up roll and is provided with pockets. The back-up roll rests by its ends on a supporting beam which is pressed against it by pressure screws. The bearing shell is urged against the roll barrel by hydraulic cylinders mounted between the supporting beam and the bearing body. The chambers of the hydraulic cylinders are connected through respective conduits and throttles to the pockets on the shell internal surface, and there is at least one pocket for each hydraulic cylinder. The pockets and the respective hydraulic cylinders are connected to a single source of fluid under pressure.

Abstract: The machine comprises a lower frame and an upper frame which define an enclosure in which the cooling fluid flows and carry sets of sheet guiding and driving rollers. Hydraulic jacks are provided for, on one hand, shifting the upper frame relative to the lower frame and, on the other hand, maintaining the upper frame in position in opposition to pressure forces in operation of the machine. Additional support means (41, 51) are provided on each of the frames and are associated with an adjusting mechanism (42,44) for determining with precision the position of the upper frame relative to the lower frame.

Abstract: A rolling device or roller mill containing controlled deflection rolls is provided with a support arrangement possessing side portions having cutouts intended to receive bearing blocks for the rolls and closed by detachable closure elements. The side elements can be formed, as by cutting, from sheet plate and are only minimumly machined.

Abstract: Rotary die cutting apparatus having novel structure for achieving registration of the die roller and base roller in terms of axis parallelism and rotational positioning is disclosed in the context of apparatus for cutting and scoring cardboard in the manufacture of boxes.

Abstract: A roll, such as a filled calender roll of the type used in supercalenders of paper machines, includes an inner shaft and an outer shell which coaxially surrounds the inner shaft and is rotatable with respect thereto. A pair of deflection-compensating structures are provided to act between the shaft and the shell so as to urge the latter outwardly from the shaft at a pair of locations which are situated at different angular positions with respect to the common axis of the shell and shaft. The two deflection-compensating structures provide for compensation for the weight of the entire roll as well as for compensation for pressure acting on the roll at a nip which is defined in part by the roll.

Abstract: Press having a stand in which two pressure rollers are mounted and form between them a press gap for the pressure treatment of a web of material; the stand is open on one side of the pressure rollers and at least one of the pressure rollers is a pressure equalization roller having mounted non-rotatably in the stand an axial bracket about which a roller shell is rotatable, which is braced against the bracket by hydrostatic supporting elements in a bracing plane determined by the axes of the pressure rollers.

Abstract: Pressure between rollers in each set thereof in a drawing frame is maintained by oil pressure in a main pipe circuit connected to piston and cylinder assemblies allocated to the sets of rollers. A motor driven pump feeds oil from a tank through a feed pipe to the main circuit except when a first solenoid-controlled valve directs the oil through a first return-flow pipe branched from the feed pipe. So long as a pressure gauge connected to the main circuit is indicating the pressure to be below a minimum, it excites the first solenoid-controlled valve to close the first return-flow pipe. When, as a result of lapping on a drafting roller the gauge indicates a maximum pressure, it causes the machine to stop. A second solenoid-controlled valve has its excitation periodically suppressed to open a passage through a second return-flow pipe to prevent the temperature of the drawing frame from overheating the main pipe circuit.

Abstract: A pressure control device for processing machines having at least one roll which has a stationary core around which a hollow roll which forms the roll proper revolves with radial spacing from the core, the hollow roll supported at its ends on the core and supported on the core in between in the radial direction by a fluid pressure medium disposed in a chamber formed at the core, the fluid pressure medium generating a force acting on the inside of the hollow roll to provide the operating pressure of the roll, with a loading device operated by a fluid pressure medium also applied either to the roll or a counter-roll, either the loading device or roll forming a controlling element, with a control pressure which is derived from the pressure prevailing therein used to adjust a pressure in the other controlled element which has a definite predetermined pressure ratio to the pressure in the controlling element, which pressure control device includes a pressure ratio monitoring device having as inputs the control pre

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for controlling the caliper of a web, such as a continuous paper sheet issuing from a nip of a plural-roll device, such as a calender. One or more rolls of the device is subjected to a multiplicity of air jets issuing substantially at constant flow rates but at temperatures which may vary as desired from nozzles spaced lengthwise of the roll.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll comprising a fixed support and a hollow shell rotatable about the support and displaceable relative to the support in the direction of a pressure plane. Between the support and the shell there is located at least one hydrostatic pressure or contact element which is effective in the pressure plane and serves for oppressing the roll shell against a counter roll and thus for forming the pressure force of the roll. Additionally, there is provided at least one hydrostatic lift-off element which is effective in the opposite direction with respect to the contact or pressure element and serves for lifting-off the roll shell from the counter roll. The contact element and the lift-off element can be connected by hydraulic lines or conduits to a source of hydraulic pressurized fluid medium.

Abstract: A pair of calender rolls have the web to be calendered directed to wrap only about 90.degree. in travelling on one of the rolls into the nip of the rolls and then to wrap only about 90.degree. on the other of the rolls after leaving the nip. Pressure of the nip is variable. Additional variable nips may be provided by means of rolls located in nip relation to the first two rolls to engage the web about 90.degree. from the nip of the first two rolls. Automatic sheet threading is provided for. Provision is made for applying liquid solution to the web in the calender.

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, adjusting the contact pressure of a rolling mill for rolling a web of material, the rolling mill comprising at least one controlled deflection roll equipped with a plurality of hydrostatic pressure elements operable by means of a hydraulic pressure medium. After the web of material has passed through the rolling mill the action of such rolling mill upon the web of material is measured at a number of points or locations across the web and the pressure of the pressure medium supplied to the individual pressure elements associated with the measuring points or locations is adjusted as a function of the measured values such that there is obtained a desired reference value for the action of the rolling mill at the measuring points or locations.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for extracting sugar from sugar cane in which a blanket of fiberized cane is passed through a series of compression and maceration operations. The compression is performed at low pressures (for example, 40 to 160 pounds per square inch) between a pair of rollers. During compression, the extracted juice is removed through the perforate surface of the lower roller. The extracted juice removed during compression is supplied as imbibition liquid to a prior operation.

Abstract: In a hydrostatic bearing there is provided in known manner pairs of balancing pockets between the coacting bearing surfaces. To counteract the bearing load the pockets of each pair is fed with pressure fluid through a new combined throttle valve which not only distributes the flow of pressure fluid but also its throttling or constricting effect between the pockets of the pair. The valve contains a freely movable roller element cooperating with two pairs of diametrically opposed ports in the valve housing, the ports of one pair individually communicating with each its pocket of the pair of pockets, the ports of the second pair communicating with a pressure source or pump and a low pressure outlet or sump, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the assembly or permanent adhesion of sheets of glass with sheets of plastic material, comprising a pair of pressure rollers between which one passes the layers superimposed for assembly, which rollers being provided with, on a length corresponding at least with the size of the layers to be assembled, a hollow elastic covering which is filled with a fluid under pressure. In each roller the elastic covering is mounted to the roller (in a manner similar to a vehicle tire) by means of two rim-like elements, one of which is movable axially of the roller toward and from the other such rim. The elastic covering is like a tire but oversize in the axial direction. By adjusting one of the rims relative to the other, or the fluid pressure or both, the shape of the elastic tire-like member may be modified within wide limits to accommodate sheets of glass having complex, compound curves.

Abstract: An industrial-sized briquetting press having two independent bearing housings for supporting the drive shafts of the briquette-forming rolls. One of the bearing housings is rigidly mounted and the other is pivotally mounted to the first by a pivot located midway between the longitudinal axes of the drive shafts. The axes are substantially parallel and the pivotally mounted housing moves in the plane of the axes. The rolls are biased together by hydraulic cylinders. Connecting rods attached to the rigidly mounted bearing housing, slidably passing through the pivotally mounted bearing housing and hollow piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders, and supporting the hydraulic cylinders prevent movement of the briquette-forming rolls in relative longitudinal and lateral directions. The press has no overall frame permitting easy access for repair and maintenance and the pivot is demountable permitting removal of the pivotally mounted bearing housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a deflection compensating press roll of a rolling mill having a pair of press rolls at least one of which is a deflection compensating roll having a support core, a roll shell rotatably mounted about the core, bearing means disposed between the core and the roll shell adjacent the shell ends, a plurality of support devices engaged between the core and the roll shell to exert forces therebetween and pressure means for pressing the rolls against each other, the control apparatus comprises a frame, a movable member mounted in the frame, means coupled with the support devices and the pressure means and responsive to the forces exerted thereby for exerting a force on the movable member which simulates the forces exerted by the support devices and the pressure means so that the movable member is maintained in an equilibrium position when the forces exerted by the support devices and the pressure means are substantially in equilibrium, means for sensing displacement of the movable member

Abstract: A system for treating paper webs and the like including a platen roller and a plurality of support rollers angularly spaced thereabout. At least one of the support rollers is an embossing roller cooperative with the platen roller to emboss a web advanced between the facing juxtaposed surfaces of the platen and embossing rollers. The platen roller is floatingly confined by the support rollers and has no rigidly fixed axis of rotation. Such platen roller is also hollow, including a cylindrical wall component defining a gaseous fluid pressurized chamber. The cylindrical wall component of the roller is of resilient construction and is inwardly depressible by the support rollers against the force of the gaseous pressure fluid acting outwardly thereagainst within the pressurized chamber. The web material to be treated is passed through the nips defined by one or more support rollers, including at least one embossment roller, and the platen roller.

Abstract: A calender press with improved uniformity of nip pressure comprising a conventional axially located and relatively rigid roll co-operating with a hollow and relatively compliant roll, and means to support the compliant roll along its length and urge it into contact with the rigid roll.

Abstract: A calendar stack is provided with pneumatic actuators of the expansible bag or bellows type wherein a selected roll has the end bearings thereof carried by a pair of pivoted control arms, the position of a respective control arm being selectively controlled, for upward loading or for downward loading of the stack by a single primary actuator. The selected direction of force application by the primary actuator is determined by a force transmission linkage shiftable by a secondary actuator between a first and a second position, for roll upward loading or roll downward loading.