Abstract: A thermowell apparatus for sensing temperature and supporting piping in a cracker furnace including a support member of 800H alloy material with a heavy construction for disposal in a high temperature furnace and a tip member arranged for welding to a pipe.

Abstract: A noise-temperature thermometer is provided with a metal sensing wire, and ceramic body at one end thereof, the body being formed with passages through which the leads connected to the resistance wire extend, at least one partition being formed in the ceramic body and lying between the ends of the resistance wire connected to the leads.

Abstract: A temperature sensor is fixedly attached to a thin, flexible disc-like metal plate with sufficient flexibility to conform to the general shape of a surface. The sensor may be thermocouple, a resistor, a semiconductor or other structure. This thin metal member has a low thermal capacity or mass and a relatively high degree of thermal conductance. A tubular insulating and elastic member is fixedly attached to the periphery of the plate and to a tubular housing having an attached handle. The housing functions as a support and an enclosure for the temperature sensitive unit, flexible connecting leads and the like. The elastic member permits the plate to pivot about the housing to move into complete surface engagement with the surface being monitored. The electrical wires connected to the temperature sensitive unit are relatively fine to minimize the thermal mass and capacity added to the unit. The wires are also flexible such that they do not interfere with movement of the plate.

Abstract: A viewing tube extension for an infrared radiation pyrometer includes a tube having a heater therein. The heater has a passageway so that the pyrometer sights a glass ribbon moving through a forming chamber of a flat glass making apparatus. Vapors from the heating chamber moving into the tube are maintained above their dew point as a purge gas moves the vapors out of the tube.

Abstract: A test head for an electronic thermometer includes a thin rod having a substantially flat end portion defined by opposed sides, a heat-conductive element associated with the end portion which is extremely exposed at least at one of the end portion sides and a temperature sensor member at least partially embedded in the heat-conductive element. The thin rod is adapted to be connected to an electronic temperature indicating circuit.

Abstract: An improved instrumentation probe is disclosed for use within a turbomachine, including an airfoil, such as of a vane, having a portion of its airfoil leading edge removed. The probe is disposed adjacent to the airfoil to replace the removed airfoil leading edge portion and to aerodynamically form the leading edge of the airfoil.

Abstract: An improved heat sensing apparatus for an electric range automatic surface unit control in which the heat sensor housing is supported within the surface unit by an upwardly biased pivot arm. The upper portion of the sensing apparatus comprises a first utensil contacting layer of a low thermal mass, heat conductive material, a second layer of electrically insulative heat conductive material secured to the underside of the first contact layer, and a third layer of electrically conductive, heat conductive material secured to the underside of the second layer. A thermistor or thermocouple heat sensor is attached to the third layer to provide an electrical signal representative of the utensil temperature to the surface unit temperature controls.

Abstract: An ungrounded three wire thermocouple has two thermocouple wires and a ground wire assembled in a metal cylindrical housing which can be immersed in a fluid whose temperature is to be monitored by the thermocouple. The thermocoupled housing may have an insulation surface to electrically insulate the housing from the equipment being monitored and to be isolated from the ground or potential of the equipment being monitored. The ground wire in the thermocouple assembly can be connected to the instrument grounds of the instrumentation which measures or otherwise utilizes the output of the thermocouple wires. The thermocouple is disclosed as being immersed in either a liquid or a gaseous cooling medium. A second embodiment of the invention uses two spaced three wire thermocouples mounted on an insulation support and are exposed to the flow of a gaseous medium whose temperature is to be monitored.

Abstract: A duplex thermocouple assembly for operation in a high pressure environment and to have a rapid response time. The assembly consists of two small diameter thermocouples and a fitting designed to protectively hold the thermocouples. The thermocouples are soldered into two axial channels which extend along the length of a stainless steel cylinder which forms a portion of the protective fitting. At the temperature sensing end of the assembly the ends of the thermocouples project slightly beyond one end of the cylinder. The cylinder is soldered at its other end into a hole axially drilled in one end of a larger stainless steel cylinder so that both cylinders form a protective fitting for the thermocouples.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an exothermic reaction in a thin film of a photopolymerizable, ethylenically-unsaturated mass, which apparatus comprises a thin foil differential thermocouple means, a pore means adjacent to and mounted above the thermocouple means, a perforated plate means positioned above the pore means and an ultraviolet light source means positioned above the plate means is disclosed.

Abstract: A flame detecting thermocouple for use with a gas valve to insure that the pilot flame exists before the gas valve can turn on the main burner. The thermocouple has a first rod shaped element which is composed of a high potential side thermoelectric material such as Chromel, Inconel, iron-chromium alloy and a second rod shaped element composed of a low potential side thermoelectric material formed of a 0.7 to 2% yttrium, 45-70% copper and the remainder of the alloy is nickel, and the elements are welded together at their ends to provide a junction which can be heated by a flame to produce a thermoelectric output at the other ends of the element.

Abstract: There is disclosed a bracket and assembly for retrofit conversion of continuous pilot burners to intermittent, on-demand pilot burners. This conversion requires the mounting of a gas ignition electrode in the assembly. The mounting bracket for accomplishing this purpose is a flat metal stamping having a web with distal apertures bearing upstanding peripheral flanges about each aperture, and two pairs of bendable tabs. The bracket is installed with one aperture received about the conventional flame sensor assembly of the pilot burner, and the bendable tabs are bent about the supporting structure to secure the bracket and to support the additional electrode required by this conversion at a predetermined spacing relative to the pilot burner where the electrode tip can be readily bent to the proper air gap for spark ignition.

Abstract: A temperature sensing device for monitoring high temperature exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine which includes a sensing element and a support for the sensing element including a mounting stem, and electrical connection means secured to the end of the mounting stem which is outside of the manifold. A gas seal connection between the sensing element and the supporting mounting stem is located at a point removed from the hostile operating environment within the manifold and the fit between the sensing element and the mounting stem is such that a slight freedom of movement is available at the portion of the mounting stem innermost of the manifold to thereby shift the point of highest stress to the gas seal and securing connection between the mounting stem and the sensing element.

Abstract: In a thermoelectric battery the heat source is suspended on the end of a thermoelectric unit, the other end of which is attached via a heat conducting mass to the casing. A resilient mounting permits resilient rocking of the thermoelectric unit to reduce stress on the unit in the event of shock or acceleration applied to the casing and spring fingers not normally in contact with the heat source or the thermoelectric unit are positioned to arrest the heat source if the assembly rocks more than a predetermined amount.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device for measuring temperatures at axially spaced positions along the bore of a tube comprises a sensor in the form of a central rigid wire of constantan base alloy on to which thermocouple foils are spot welded at prescribed locations. The foils are silver plated over half their length thus forming a silver/constantan thermojunction; the constantan end of the junction only being welded to the rigid wire. A copper wire is crimped to the silver plated end of each foil. The detector may be supported coaxially within a resistance heated tube and in use the temperatures sensed by the thermocouples are continuously monitored.

Abstract: The materials forming the inner and outer conductors of the tip of a safety thermoelement are assembled in disk form, stacked above each other, preferably bonded together, for example by soldering, brazing, welding or the like. The disks are then extruded through an extrusion die which shapes the assembly of the disks into a pin or rodlike inner conductor, surrounded by a closed sleeve or cap formed of the outer conductor material. Preferably, the die additionally is shaped to provide an end terminal portion to the inner conductor, offset by a shoulder to permit assembly of the entire unit into a structural holder.

Abstract: An electrical ignition assembly for igniting flare gases and including at least a pair of spaced apart ignitor rods located adjacent the exit end of the stack, and an electrical control assembly for providing a spark across the pair of rods. The assembly may also be employed to light a flare stack pilot, if desired. In addition a pilot flame thermocouple and a stack flame thermocouple may be provided to monitor the system.

Abstract: A thermocouple-probe assembly for use in the measurement of temperature in a gas-turbine engine. The assembly has a central hub which is for mounting on the central exhaust-cone of the engine and twelve elongate thermocouple probes which extend radially from the hub such that their operative tips are located in the gas flow through the engine. Each probe has two Chromel-Alumel junctions at its operative tip, the junctions of each probe being electrically interconnected by means of four concentric electrically-conductive rings which are mounted coaxially within the hub. Two of the rings are of Chromel and two of Alumel, the wires forming the thermocouple junctions being connected to rings of the same material by means of small edge portions of the rings which are turned back and crimped around each wire. External electrical connection to the probes is made by cables connected to the rings within the hub.

Abstract: A device for continuously monitoring the internal surface temperature of a refractory lining in a metallurgical furnace. The device comprises an outer sheath, a pair of dissimilar, metallic wires within the outer sheath and a powdered oxide material closely packed within the sheath and surrounding both wires. Each wire is separately insulated by a sleeving of a refractory material having a melting point higher than the normal working temperature of the furnace at the surface of the lining. The oxide material used as a packing between the outer sheath and the wires is electrically conductive at elevated temperatures and has also a melting point higher than the temperature normally encountered at the surface of the lining.

Abstract: A thermocouple device comprising two low mass dissimilar metal elements each being of relatively short length and each having a relatively narrow cross section along their lengths. The elements are provided with pointed ends for engaging and penetrating the surface of an object to be measured for its temperature. The two metal elements are disposed together such that their pointed ends taper toward each other to form a single, unitary, pointed end. The two elements are separated by a relatively thin layer of heat resistant, insulating material, and extend into and are secured in an insulating refractory member.

Abstract: An all ceramic thermocouple protector tube is provided having a tubular elongate ceramic thermocouple protector closed at one end and open at the other to receive a thermocouple, an adjacent larger diameter cylindrical ceramic housing spaced from said tubular elongate thermocouple protector and connected thereto by a hollow frusto conical ceramic member having a taper in the range 20.degree. to 60.degree. and an annular pocket in the end of said housing remote from the frusto conical portion adapted to receive a cover.

Abstract: The proposed profiled multielectrode thermocouple comprises a flexible protective shell wherein there are arranged a thermoelectrode of one polarity, constructed as a bundle of thermoelectrodes of one polarity and of different lengths, and at least two thermoelectrodes of the opposite polarity with working junctions spaced at a preset distance along the thermocouple. The thermocouple of the present invention is basically intended for simultaneously measuring temperature at several points of an industrial installation.

Abstract: A device for detecting the temperature in electric arc and like heat radiation producing furnaces comprises a thermally conductive, refractory tip disposed on an annular support which is mounted in the interior of a double-walled, liquid-cooled tube disposed within the tubular casing and extending along its axis. A thermocouple with a heat sensitive element adjacent the thermally conductive, refractory tip is introduced and received in the guide tube.

Abstract: A disposable thermocouple probe to be used in association with an electronic processing and indicating device to comprise a clinical thermometer. The dissimilar metals of the thermocouple junction are applied by the vacuum deposition process. The optical nature of the process allows the metal thickness to be graduated to allow the dissimilar metals at the junction to be only 0.0001 to 0.1 mils thick to allow response times of less than one second, while the metal which makes sliding contact with the processing and display portion of the thermometer is graduated to a thickness of 10 times greater, for example, than the metal thickness at the junction to resist the abrasion encountered when inserted at time of use. A method is provided for the handling of the probes in large quantities by molding a structure which resembles a comb in which the individual probes are supported by a backbone.

Abstract: Two thermocouple junctions of a gas-turbine thermocouple probe are provided by junctions between respective pairs of wires that form the inner conductors of a metal-sheathed mineral-insulated cable. External electrical connections to the pairs of wires are established at a ceramic support block into which the cable extends, the connection in each case being made by a thicker wire that extends completely through the block from the opposite direction of the cable, and then turns back on itself to extend through the block again and emerge adjacent the end of the cable. The thin inner conductors of the cable are twisted about the projecting ends of their respective connecting wires and welded to them to complete the connections.

Abstract: A thermocouple assembly is provided wherein dissimilar metals are joined at a hot junction within a protective annular shield transparent to radiation. The hot junction is formed in situ so as to be in intimate contact with the ID of said shield. When the assembly is mounted on a phase change cup, one of the dissimilar metals is insulated from the cup.

Abstract: Various methods and a multiple thermocouple support assembly are disclosed. The support comprises a tube supported at both ends while extending across a vessel used in processing a fluid over a fixed bed of particulate solids, for example, such as a hydrotreating catalyst in fixed bed reactors, in which temperature measurements are required simultaneously at various defined locations in a horizontal plane across the bed. Features of the support include a particular means for mounting thermocouples in thermowells and particular means for securing the thermowells to the support tube, the thermocouples being pressed against the outer wall of each thermowell opposite to the support tube and the thermowells being spaced from each other and from the support tube for obtaining maximum heat conduction from the fluid or fixed bed of particulate solids with a minimum of heat conduction from the thermowell support tube.

Abstract: A thermocouple structure useful for high temperature applications comprises a pair of thermocouple wires joined at one end to form a thermocouple, the wires being enclosed within a metallic sheath which is closed at one end and open at the other end, the closed end of said sheath enclosing the thermocouple. The thermocouple and wires within the sheath are surrounded and insulated by crushed, compacted mineral oxide material, such as magnesium oxide. The other end of the sheath from which the thermocouple wires extend is filled with ceramic cement to seal the crushed mineral oxide and thermocouple wires therein. The closed end portion of the sheath enclosing the thermocouple has a reduced diameter relative to the other open end portion of the sheath.

Abstract: A thermoelectric battery comprises a thermoelectric module in the form of a matrix of rods of alternately p- and n-type semi-conductor material connected together in the manner of a thermopile. The thermoelectric module is suspended in a casing in contact at one end with a heat sink and having attached at the other end a radio-isotope fuel capsule. The attachment of the fuel capsule is supported against shocks or rapid accelerations by a combination of spring mounting and a fibre spider.

Abstract: A thermocouple having a relatively long thermocouple element portion extending co-axially within an encircling sheath has said portion supported by means which, while not normally movable relative to the element, are in sliding contact with the sheath. The support is preferably one or more thin-walled ferrules secured, for example by brazing, to the thermocouple element.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device for use at pressures in excess of 1,500 bar. It comprises a thermocouple which is sheathed, the sheath being surrounded from end to end by an open ended pressure bearing sleeve. The space between the sheath and sleeve receives a hard or high temperature solder. At the outer end of the sleeve is a rigid cone or outwardly flared surface associated with a screw threaded nut which, when tightened, forces the cone against a shoulder to effect a fluid-tight connection at a point remote from the measuring junction.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device for electrically measuring the temperature at a predetermined point within a body member is disclosed. The device comprises a temperature sensor electrically isolated within a metallic sheath, the sheath being securely attached to a deformable mounting head. The head is deformed to produce a gripping force to intimately hold it in position within a cavity disposed in the body member and to maintain the sensor in a temperature sensing relationship with the predetermined point of interest. A spacer member is provided to substantially fill the remainder of the cavity to prevent distortion of the temperature field. A deformable lip is disposed about the periphery of the cavity which overlaps the spacer member and provides a holding force to assist in maintaining the sensor in position.

Abstract: A thermocouple assembly having a thermocouple encased in a tube having an outer carbon permeable layer and an inner carbon reactive layer. The assembly provides extended life for thermocouples used in a carbonaceous environment such as in the carbon liner of a furnace or in carbon bodies during baking thereof.

Abstract: An erodable thermocouple is disclosed having two dissimilar metal conductors, connected or not connected as desired at the ends exposed to the temperature to be measured, the conductors being electrically insulated from each other along their lengths by glass sleeving, one being helically mounted on the other, the conductors being encased within a tubular insulating enclosure and surrounded by a kraft paper tube, the insulating enclosure and tube being swaged to reduce its outside diameter, and having a short metal tube at its outer end. The paper tube burns upon exposure to furnace temperatures providing a slip plane for the thermocouple.

Abstract: A gasket structure for supporting thermocouple junctions in a stream of gas passing through an internal combustion engine. The thermocouple leads are passed edgewise through a gasket, which is adapted to fit between the ports of an engine and the manifold associated therewith. The leads are firmly supported within the gasket, the junction formed by the ends thereof protruding into the gasket aperture. The thermocouple junction is thus disposed in the gas stream at a regular, predetermined distance from the combustion chamber of the engine.In one embodiment a plurality of thermocouples are embedded in an exhaust manifold gasket, each being associated with a separate exhaust port of an engine. A selector switch may be used to monitor the status of the gas flow through each port; or the thermocouples may be connected together so that an averaged signal is produced, and the signal utilized to monitor the fuel-air mixture ratio.

Abstract: A multipoint thermocouple assembly using coil springs in which a coil spring is used with each thermocouple to maintain contact between the thermocouple measuring junction and the interior side of the assembly housing. Maintenance of such contact helps to insure an accurate reading of temperature changes which occur outside the assembly housing.

Abstract: A thermocouple for measuring the temperatures of hot gases up to and above 3000.degree. F. with surroundings at the same or different temperatures, the thermocouple having its hot junction encased in a protective sheath which is detachably sealingly connected to the hot end of an elongated tubular housing containing thermocouple leads insulated both atmospherically and electrically. These leads extend back through the length of the housing and pass through an insulative sealing bushing disposed in the cold end of the housing for connection to a suitable recording instrument. The interior chamber defined by the sheath, housing and bushing is pressurized to assure that the interior chamber is atmospherically insulated and to prevent the hot gases from penetrating into the interior chamber and, together with effects of condensation, deteriorating the hot junction and the leads of the thermocouple and/or creating short circuits.