Abstract: A composition and process are described which are useful in treating metal surfaces, which composition comprises an oxidizer, an acid, a corrosion inhibitor, an organic nitro compound and, optionally, a benzotriazole with an electron withdrawing group in the 1-position which electron withdrawing group is a stronger electron withdrawer than a hydrogen group, optionally, a source of adhesion enhancing species selected from the group consisting of molybdates, tungstates, tantalates, niobates, vanadates, isopoly or heteropoly acids of molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, and combinations of any of the foregoing and optionally but preferably a source of halide ions. The composition and process are useful in increasing the adhesion of metal surfaces to polymeric substances and in preserving said adhesion through temperature variation.

Abstract: A coating composition and process have been developed to provide an activated coating on nickel screen for use as cathodes in electrolytic cells for the generation of hydrogen and oxygen. Compared to the earlier Classical Pack Cementation process, the disclosed process is less expensive, reduces processing time from 20 hours to a few minutes, eliminates dusts and toxic gases, and provides improved performance in cells for hydrogen and oxygen generation. The coating is characterized by the presence of two activated layers with a high surface area, a multitude of fissures and a nickel to aluminum weight ratio greater than 20/1 in the top layer and greater than 4/1 in the bottom layer adjacent to the nickel substrate.

Abstract: Anodized aluminum surfaces are sealed using a process in which one step involves bringing the anodized aluminum surface into contact for a relatively brief period of time at a relatively low temperature with a liquid sealing composition. The liquid sealing composition contains water, lithium cations, fluoride anions and at least one high capacity buffering agent such as boric acid.

Abstract: Sequentially applying two different coatings, in two steps, to metallic surfaces. Metallic surfaces are contacted at temperatures from 10-100° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preventing a material from adhering to a surface. In a preferred embodiment, the material comprises weld spatter and the surface is located near a welding operation. The method comprises coating the surface with a slurry comprising a mineral material in water. The slurry contains from 10% to 70% solids by weight and not more than 5% by weight of a material that decomposes when heated to 1000° F. for one minute. The slurry is allowed to dry to form a barrier coating before the material contacts the surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing workpieces suitable for phosphatizing for chipless cold forming by acid pickling, rinsing, drying and treatment with acid reaction lubricants containing phosphate ions. According to said method the workpieces are rinsed before drying with a solution which contains lactic acid, has a pH below 3 and preferably a temperature of between 60 and 80° C. Preferred embodiments of the invention consist of rinsing the workpieces with a solution which in addition contains phosphoric acid, has a lactic acid concentration of between 1 and 50 g/l and a weight ratio of lactic acid to phosphoric acid of between 1:9 and 9:1.

Abstract: A nonchromate metallic surface treating agent comprising (a) a silane coupling agent and/or a hydrolytic condensation product thereof, (b) water-dispersible silica, and (c) a zirconium compound and/or a titanium compound is disclosed. The present invention also discloses a method for treating a surface of a PCM steel panel, a method of producing a PCM steel panel, and a PCM steel panel as produced by the method.

Abstract: A non-chromate metallic surface treating agent comprising (a) a silane coupling agent and/or a hydrolytic condensation product thereof, (b) water-dispersible silica, and (c) a zirconium compound and/or a titanium compound, and further comprising (d) a thiocarbonyl-containing compound and/or (e) a water-soluble acrylic resin is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a conversion coating composition for use in the surface treatment of a PCB and a conversion coating method using the same. The composition comprises 0.1-30 vol % of sulfuric acid; 0.1-15 vol % of hydrogen peroxide; 0.01-10 wt % of an organic acid; 0.1-30 wt % of a nitrogen compound; 0.01-10 wt % of an organic silicate and/or organic titanate; and 0.1-20 wt % of a film forming auxiliary, 0.1-30 wt % of an etching rate controller, 0.1-20 wt % of a reaction promoter and/or 0.1-20 g/l of a stabilizer. This composition is applied to a PCB at 10-60° C. for 1-10 min. The conversion coating film is superb in adhesive strength, acid resistance, and adhesion and can be formed with ease.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic solution for forming a conversion coating on the surface of a metallic material, said solution containing at least one rare earth element (as herein defined) containing species, an accelerator additive selected from the group consisting of metals of Group IB, IIB, IVA, VA, VIA and VIII of the Periodic Table, a peroxidic species and at least one acid selected from the group of mineral acids, carboxylic acids, sulphonic acids and phosphonic acids, wherein said solution contains no more than 20 mg/liter each of fluoride and of phosphate, and the solution is essentially free of chromate.

Abstract: Phosphate conversion coatings having very fine crystal size are obtained using liquid compositions containing phosphate, zinc cations and relatively low concentrations of Co, Ni and Mn.

Abstract: A medical device which includes a component formed from an alloy which contains at least about 40% Ni by weight. The alloy in a 10 nm deep surface region of the component contains not more than about 10% Ni by weight. The Ni content in that surface region can be reduced by polishing and oxidizing treatment such as (a) exposure to superheated steam, or (b) immersion in a chemical solution, or (c) an electrochemical treatment, using the device as the anode in a solution bath with a current running therethrough.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic solution for forming a rare earth element containing conversion coating on the surface of a metal, said solution being chromate-free and including effective quantities of at least one rare earth element (as herein defined) containing species, an oxidant and at least one accelerator, comprising a metal selected from Groups VA and VIA of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A process is described for increasing the adhesion of organic coatings to metal surfaces, particularly aluminum and aluminum alloys. The process involves the utilization of an adhesion promoting composition in treating the metal surface prior to application of the organic coating. The adhesion promoting composition comprises a nitro sulfonic acid. A chromating step is optionally employed.

Abstract: This disclosure sets out a method of forming a protective layer on the surface of the material of drill bits to increase the number of hits when drilling very small holes such as those drilled in printed circuit board (PCB's). The process involves forming a phosphorous based solution which is used as a dip to treat the drill bits, and then it is heated to drive off the solvent which is primarily water, oil, or glycol. This leaves a protective layer featuring phosphorous based materials on the surface of drill bit. This works for tool steel drill bits and also for those made with a cobalt alloy holding together tungsten carbide particles. The method preferably includes applying a treatment fluid in lieu of cutting oil during the fabrication of the cutting tool, the fluid including a compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen/hydrogen groups.

Abstract: A heat curable bonding composition for providing a coating to a solid substrate comprises water, phosphate ions, borate ions, and aluminum ions. The bonding composition has a pH in the range from about 1.4 to about 2.2, and is substantially free of chromate ions, molybdate ions, and magnesium ions.

Abstract: To improve at least one of the hydrophilicity, corrosion resistance, and adhesion by subsequently applied paints, a solid surface, preferably an aluminum alloy surface, is treated with an initial treatment liquid that comprises water and dissolved, dispersed or both dissolved and dispersed polymers that include substantial mass fractions of benzene rings that are substituted with at least one oxygen atom and at least one substituted aminomethylene moiety on each ring, and then treated with a secondary treatment liquid that comprises water and vanadate anions.

Abstract: A composition and method for coating and touching up a metal surface is provided. The composition contains from about 0.5 to about 240 millimoles per kilograms of a fluorometallate ion, from about 0.5 grams/liters to about 10 grams/liter of phosphorous-containing inorganic oxy anions calculated at their stoichiometric equivalent as H3PO4; from about 0.05 g/l to about 3.5 g/l of hexavalent chromium and from about 0.10 g/l to about 2.20 g/l of trivalent chromium ions.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes and compositions of solutions for chromate-replacement coatings for aluminum and aluminum alloys. A preferred method includes forming a boehmite coating layer that includes Al (III) ions on an aluminum surface, and applying an ionic conversion coating solution to the coating layer. The ionic conversion coating solution comprises hexavalent and trivalent ions. The trivalent ions are selected from the group consisting of Ce, Ga, Mn, Sc, Ti, Te and V. The hexavalent ions are selected from the group consisting of Mn, Mo, Se and W. It is contended that the resulting coatings provide corrosion resistance and self-healing effect in any defects present in the coatings.

Abstract: An aqueous metal surface treatment composition that includes (A) an aqueous dispersion of a phenolic novolak resin that includes water and a reaction product of a phenolic resin precursor, a modifying agent and a multi-hydroxy phenolic compound wherein the modifying agent includes at least one functional moiety that enables the modifying agent to react with the phenolic resin precursor and at least one ionic moiety, (B) an acid and, optionally, (C) a flexibilizer. According to one embodiment the modifying agent is an aromatic compound. According to another embodiment the ionic moiety of the modifying agent is sulfate, sulfonate, sulfinate, sulfenate or oxysulfonate and the dispersed phenolic resin reaction product has a carbon/sulfur atom ratio of 20:1 to 200:1.

Abstract: Hardening protection compositions based on substances which form boron glass for partial carburization of metallic components, which contain magnesium-silicon compounds as an additive. These hardening protection compositions can be used very advantageously in processes for the partial carburization of metallic components and in particular are outstandingly suitable for vacuum carburization.

Abstract: Process for the alkaline passivation of galvanized and alloy-galvanized steel surfaces and of aluminum in strip lines, wherein the metal surfaces are brought into contact with an alkaline aqueous solution that contains complexing agents and iron, which has a free alkalinity in the range of 5 to 20 points and a total alkalinity in the range of 7 to 30 points and contains: 0.1 to 1 g/l magnesium ions, 0.1 to 1 g/l iron (III) ions and 0.5 to 5 g/l amino or hydroxy carboxylate ions. This may be followed by a chrome-containing or chrome-free secondary passivation.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibiting admixture for concrete is disclosed comprising a combination of organic (amines) and inorganic (nitrites) fractions that provide a synergistic effect when present at a specific ratio. Such a synergistic effect occurs when the amine:nitrite ratio (% by weight) is between 1.5 to 2.5 resulting in the admixture providing excellent corrosion inhibiting capabilities.

Abstract: A Mg alloy member with an anticorrosive coating free from any enviromental load can be produced by using a solution for chemical conversion treatment for anticorrosive coating, which comprises 0.05 to 1 mol/l of an oxoacid compound of heavy metal selected from Mo, W and V and has a pH of 2 to 6 adjusted by sulfuric acid or nitric acid, and is characterized by contacting the surface of Mg alloy preferably containing 2 to 10% Al with the solution, thereby forming a specific oxide film and, if necessary further forming a fluorine-containing organic film on the film, the resulting Mg alloy member being used in electrically driven blowers, note-type personal computers, various household electrical appliances, etc.

Abstract: In a chromating solution comprising a water-soluble chromium compound and a reducing agent and in which hexavalent chromium ions produced by dissolution of the water-soluble chromium compound have been partly reduced with the reducing agent to trivalent chromium ions, an oxycarboxylic acid compound is used as the reducing agent. This chromating solution causes neither gelation nor sedimentation of the solution even when hexavalent chromium ions are reduced to trivalent chromium ions at a reduction percentage of more than 50%. The chromating solution and a chromate film formed on a steel sheet may also contain an organic resin, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, or a silica sol.

Abstract: The corrosion resistance of an article having a surface with a primary inorganic coating, such as a conversion coating, over a metal substrate can be improved by treatment of the primary coating with an aqueous liquid sealing composition comprising lithium cations and vanadate anions. This treatment is particularly advantageous for primary coatings formed on aluminum alloys by treating them with a conversion coating forming aqueous composition made by reacting cobalt(II) cations, acetate ions, hydroxyalkyl amines, and peroxides in aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to provide a metallic surface treating agent for PCM use, which is capable of imparting high processability and corrosion resistance to PCM steel panels with the additional advantage of improved storage stability, a method for surface treatment of a PCM steel panel, a method of producing a PCM steel panel, and a PCM steel panel as produced by said method.

Abstract: This invention is a method for forming a chemical conversion coating on ferrous metal substrates, the chemical solutions used in the coating and the articles coated thereby. By modifying and combining the features of two existing, but heretofore unrelated, coating technologies, a hybrid conversion coating is formed. Specifically, a molecular iron/oxygen-enriched intermediate coating, such as a dicarboxylate or phosphate, is applied to a ferrous substrate by a first oxidation. The intermediate coating pre-conditions the substrate to form a surface rich in molecular iron and oxygen in a form easily accessible for further reaction. This oxidation procedure is followed by a coloring procedure using a heated (about 120-220° F.) oxidizing solution containing alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal nitrate, alkali metal nitrite or mixtures thereof, which reacts with the iron and oxygen enriched intermediate coating to form magnetite (Fe3O4).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for making and a method for using a corrosion inhibitor composition to reduce the corrosion rate of a metal by a fluid containing a corrosion agent. The corrosion inhibitor composition comprises at least a quaternized compound having an amido moiety. An example of the quaternized compound is a quaternized amido imidazoline.

Abstract: This invention relates to equipment for treating the aforesaid waste plastics directly with supercritical water, and an object thereof is to provide a method for the anticorrosive treatment of waste plastics treating equipment which makes it possible to use inexpensive stainless steel. Waste plastics treating equipment made of stainless steel is charged with a predetermined amount of an aqueous solution containing at least one alkali metal salt, and this aqueous solution is deaerated until its dissolved oxygen content is reduced to 0.5 mg/L or less. After the temperature and pressure of the equipment are raised until supercritical conditions are established, these temperature and pressure are maintained for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the surface treatment of stainless steel and/or of a nickel alloy. It also relates to the use of such a process and to a stainless steel treated by the process or of a treated nickel alloy. It is envisaged that the treatment is carried out with peroxide or with a water/peroxide mixture or with a peroxide solution.

Abstract: A method of treating a metal object having an outer layer including zinc includes applying to the object a treating material in the form of an alkaline solution or a gas. The treating material reacts to form a reaction layer on the outer layer. The reaction layer includes a zinc reaction product. A protective coating such as lubricant is applied to the object, wherein the reaction layer is present in an amount effective to increase a lubricity of the object. In another embodiment the metal object includes an outer layer including zinc which may be substantially non-oxidized. A reaction layer comprising zinc carbonate is disposed on the outer layer. The reaction layer is present in an amount effective to increase a lubricity of the object during a forming process. A protective coating may be in contact with the reaction layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of activated metal, particularly activated tinplate, and the activated metal itself. The activated metal is highly reactive with oxygen and can be used as a pyrophoric decoy material or as a catalyst.

Abstract: In a chromating solution comprising a water-soluble chromium compound and a reducing agent and in which hexavalent chromium ions produced by dissolution of the water-soluble chromium compound have been partly reduced with the reducing agent to trivalent chromium ions, an oxycarboxylic acid compound is used as the reducing agent. This chromating solution causes neither gelation nor sedimentation of the solution even when hexavalent chromium ions are reduced to trivalent chromium ions at a reduction percentage of more than 50%. The chromating solution and a chromate film formed on a steel sheet may also contain an organic resin, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, or a silica sol.

Abstract: A composition for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces comprises permanganate and a very low concentration of chromium (VI). The concentration of chromium (VI) in the aqueous solution is less than about 100 micrograms per liter, and the concentration of permanganate is about 0.2% to about 20% by weight of the aqueous solution. In another embodiment of the invention, a composition for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces includes permanganate and acetic acid. The concentration of acetic acid in the aqueous solution is between about 0.2% and 2.0% by volume. The concentration of permanganate is about 0.2% to about 20% by weight of the aqueous solution. Other embodiments of the invention include methods of using the present sealant compositions and the resulting corrosion inhibited metal substrates. In yet another embodiment of the present invention there is provided a kit for preparing corrosion inhibiting solutions for metal treatment.

Abstract: There is provided a surface treatment method of metal that can endow the surface of a metallic material with strong bonding force in a simple process regardless of the profile and the substance of the metallic material as well as a metallic material obtained by such a method. The method comprises a first step of conducting a chemical etching process accompanied by formation of a film coat on the metal surface and a second step of chemically removing the film coat formed on the metal surface in the first step. If necessary, it may further comprise a third step of forming a thin layer on the metal surface after the second step.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a zwitterionic water-soluble imine of formula: wherein R1 is heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl or lower alkyl; R2 is alkyl, alkenyl, aminoalkyl, diaminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, thioalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or arylalkyl; R3 is hydrogen and lower alkyl, or R1 and R3 taken together form a cycloalkyl, p is 2, 3, 4 or 5; and Z is CO2−, OCO2−, SO3−, OSO3−, PO3− or OPO3− which are useful as ferrous metal corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: An aluminum or aluminum alloy surface which during use is exposed to sliding friction is coated to provide a chemical conversion coating of tin comprising 0.2-10.0 wt. % cobalt. For example, a swash plate type compressor has a cylinder block with cylinder bores disposed parallel to the axis of the cylinder block. A rotary shaft rotatably mounted within the cylinder block carries an aluminum swash plate. The swash plate has a coating preferably between 0.8 to 2.5 microns. The coating on the swash plate permits the use of low silicon alloy aluminum without the need of metal plating or high finish polishing.

Abstract: An aluminum or aluminum alloy surface which during use is exposed to sliding friction has a chemical conversion coating of mostly tin with 0.2-10.0 wt. % cobalt and 0.1 to 12 wt. % bismuth. For example, a swashplate of a swashplate type compressor may be conversion coated on at least part thereof, that is the part that during use contact the shoes. Preferably, the coating is between 0.8 to 2.5 microns thick. The coating on the swash plate permits the use of low silicon alloy aluminum without the need of metal plating or high finish polishing.

Abstract: Compositions and processes are disclosed for producing improved electrical insulation, environmental protection, corrosion resistance and improved paint adhesion for metals; e.g., ferrous, aluminum, or magnesium alloys; as well as other substrates such as anodized metals, glasses, paints, plastics, semiconductors, microprocessors, ceramics, cements, silicon wafers, electronic components, skin, hair, and wood upon contact. The compositions and processes comprise use of one or more Group IV-A metals, such as zirconium, in combination with one or more non-fluoanions while fluorides are specifically excluded from the processes and compositions above certain levels. The processes can contain pretreatment stages that serve to activate a substrate surface and/or promote formation of metal- and mixed-metal oxide matrices through use of an oxygen donor. The compositions are at a pH below about 5.0 and are preferably in a range between about 1.0 and about 4.0.

Abstract: Process for stainless steel pickling consisting in placing the material to be treated in a bath kept at a temperature ranging from 30.degree. C. to 70.degree. C. and containing:a) HClb) Fe.sup.3+c) HFd) emulsifiers, wetting agents, polishing agents, acid attack inhibitors;the bath being fed continuously with:an air flow equal to at least 3 m.sup.3 /h per m.sup.3 bath min. and an oxidizer quantity adjusted to the bath redox potential to be kept at 250 mV min.

Abstract: A chromium-free composition for treating metal surface comprising (a) a hydroxyl group-containing organic resin, (b) a phosphoric acid and (c) at least one of ions and compounds of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Sn, V, Mg, Ba, Al, Ca, Sr, Nb, Y and Zn, and (d) at least one of colloids (sol) or powders of SiO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4, MgO, ZrO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5 ; as well as a metal sheet or metal article having thereon (i) a coating film of the chromium-free composition and optionally (ii) a coating film of a coating composition comprising an organic resin and if desired a colloid (sol) or a powder.

Abstract: A composition useful for the surface treatment of copper, in particular for micro-roughening of the copper surface so as to improve the adhesion characteristics of the copper surface, comprises an oxidizing agent for copper and an aromatic sulfonic acid or a salt thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide and the aromatic sulfonic acid is sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate. The composition preferably also includes an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid and a corrosion inhibitor such as benzotriazole.

Abstract: A chrome-free conversion coating composition for use over zinc-plated metal comprises a combination of a transition metal oxide, and a polyhydroxy aromatic to provide a coating that eliminates environmental concerns regarding chromium disposal. Aluminum chlorohydrol is also included in the composition to provide an aesthetically pleasing blue appearance. The conversion coating composition is combined with water to form a bath. Zinc plated metal is immersed in the bath to apply the coating.

Abstract: Zwitterionic water-soluble imine corrosion inhibitors of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 is an anionically charged group. Preferred zwitterionic imines are the reaction products of the Michael addition of acrylic acid to an imine.

Abstract: A process for making an aluminum alloy lighting sheet product having a reflective surface protected by a UV-stable polymer coating. An aluminum alloy sheet is chemically brightened in an aqueous acidic solution, conversion coated, and then coated with a UV-stable polymer. Alternatively, an aluminum alloy sheet is chemically etched in an aqueous alkaline solution, conversion coated, and then coated with a UV-stable polymer. The UV-stable polymer may be clear or it may contain about 0.5-10 wt. % amorphous silica particles and polytetrafluoroethylene particles. In another embodiment, an aluminum alloy sheet surface is cleaned, chemically conversion coated and then coated with a coating composition containing a UV-stable polymer and 0.5-10 wt. % silica particles and polytetrafluoroethylene particles, both having an average size of about 0.5-5 microns.

Abstract: A method for creating an oxide coating on the surface of a component formed from austenitic stainless steel or nickel alloy steel is set forth. The component has a naturally formed oxide film at the surface. The naturally formed oxide is enhanced through a process comprising at least two steps. In the first step, the component is heated in the presence of circulating dry air for a first period of time at a temperature of approximately 300 degrees centigrade. In the second step, the component is heated in the presence of static dry air at an elevated pressure for a second period of time at a temperature that is higher than the temperature during the first period. The exterior portion of the enhanced oxide coating is removed with an oxidizing treatment whereby an oxide coating having a high ratio of chromium to iron is exposed at the surface of the stainless steel.

Abstract: Aqueous acid treatment solution for the treatment of beverage cans, in particular of aluminum, for producing a corrosion-protective, friction-reducing coating which improves the ability to be enameled, which comprises 0.14 to 2.25 mmol/l of an alkylamine oxide or an alkylammonium salt with an alkyl radical having 8 to 22 C atoms, 0.25-1.5 mmol/l of hydroxycarboxylic acids having 4-7 C atoms, complex fluorides and mineral acids, and preferably tannin.

Abstract: A method of reducing metal contamination during semiconductor processing in a reactor having metal components is provided. The method includes forming an aluminum oxide layer on the surface of certain of the metal components before processing of substrates. The aluminum oxide layer substantially prevents the formation of volatile metal atoms from the metal components. The aluminum oxide layer is formed by heating the metal component first in a dry N.sub.2 atmosphere to a first temperature, and then in a dry H.sub.2 atmosphere to a second temperature. The component is then soaked at the second temperature in a wet H.sub.2 atmosphere to form the aluminum oxide layer, and is followed by soaking at the second temperature in a dry H.sub.2 atmosphere to reduce any other metal oxides that may have formed. The component is then cooled first in a dry H.sub.2 atmosphere, and then in a dry N.sub.2 atmosphere where a layer of substantially pure aluminum oxide is provided on the surface of the metal component.

Abstract: To prevent the deterioration in water-resistant secondary adherence that occurs during prolonged use of a fluoride-containing phosphate conversion coating liquid composition to form a conversion coating on metal surfaces that are at least partly aluminiferous, the aluminum compound-containing sludge produced in the phosphate conversion coating liquid composition as it is used is coagulated and sedimented by adding at least one cationic polymeric coagulant to the sludge-containing phosphate conversion coating liquid composition.