Abstract: A system for processing a renewable bio-based material comprising: a reactor, a feedstock substantially renewable and comprising triglycerides and free fatty acids, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor to form a treated oil; a heat exchanger for receiving the treated oil from the reactor and reducing its temperature to a predetermined temperature; a high-pressure separator followed by a low-pressure separator; and (i) a distillation unit for passing the treated oil through to form green diesel and an adsorption unit for passing the green diesel through; or (ii) at least one distillation column to separate the treated oil into at least one component and an adsorption column for passing the at least one component through; wherein the reactor comprises a cooling function for controlling the temperature of the reactor; wherein the cooling function is an internal cooling function comprising adding a cooling substance into the reactor.

Abstract: Process scheme configurations are disclosed that enable deep hydrogenation of middle distillates. The hydrogenated middle distillates are processed in a petrochemicals production complex for conversion into light olefins and other hydrocarbon products. Feeds to the deep hydrogenation zone include middle distillate range streams from a distillate hydrotreating zone, a vacuum gas oil hydroprocessing zone, and/or a vacuum residue hydrocracking zone. The deep hydrogenation zone operates under conditions effective to reduce aromatic content in a middle distillate range feedstream from a range of about 10-40 wt % or greater, to a hydrogenated distillate range intermediate product having an aromatic content of less than about 5-0.5 wt %.

Abstract: A feedstock is processed in an FCC unit to produce at least light olefins, FCC naphtha, light cycle oil and heavy cycle oil. Light cycle oil, and in certain embodiments hydrotreated light cycle oil, is subjected to hydrogenation to produce a deeply hydrogenated middle distillate fraction. All or a portion of the deeply hydrogenated middle distillate fraction is used as feed to a petrochemicals production complex to produce light olefins.

Abstract: A method for process monitoring and control of a chemical reactor in which a chemical reaction utilizing a halogenated selectivity modifier is performed includes: measuring a level of halogenated components in an inlet stream of a reactor inlet; measuring a level of halogenated components in an outlet stream of a reactor outlet; based on the level of halogenated components at the inlet stream and the outlet stream, determining a process performance indicator associated with a halogenated component; and adjusting an amount of halogenated selectivity modifier added to the reactor based on the process performance indicator.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system and method for supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass materials wherein the system includes a SCWG reactor and a plurality of heat exchangers located within a shared pressurized vessel, which decouples the function of containing high pressure from the high temperature function. The present invention allows the heat transfer function to be conducted independently from the pressure transfer function such that the system equipment can be designed and fabricated in manner that would support commercial scaled-up SCWG operations. By using heat exchangers coupled to the reactor in a series configuration, significant efficiencies are achieved by the present invention SCWG system over prior known SCWG systems.

Abstract: A process is provided that is directed to integrated steam pyrolysis and hydroprocessing including residual bypass to permit direct processing of crude oil feedstocks to produce petrochemicals including olefins and aromatics.

Abstract: According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

Abstract: The embodiment of this invention lies on experimental evidence of photoconductivity activity of a hybrid solar cell, organic/chalcogenide. The device is made of thin layers of conductive indium-tin-oxide (ITO) on glass with a 100 nm layer of chalcogenide molybdenum di-sulfide (MoS2) and a thin layer of about ˜50 nm of complex organic compound assembled at room temperature. The device was tested to conventional electrical transport measurements in the regime of ?1V to 1V under electromagnetic radiation simulator at 100 mW/cm2. Results indicate solar conversion efficiency of 2.48% and current density of 6.35 mA/cm2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to delayed coking of heavy petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products. The invented process utilize a pre-cracking reactor for mild thermal cracking of the feedstock and an intermediate separator, before being subjected to higher severity thermal cracking in delayed coking process, resulting in reduction in overall coke yield.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and a facility for reducing the concentration of heavy polycyclic aromatic compounds (HPNA) in the recycle loop of hydrocracking units, which comprises a fractionation column. In accordance with this process, a portion of the stream present at the level of at least one plate located between the plate for supplying hydrocracked effluent and the plate for withdrawing the distillate fraction which is the heaviest is withdrawn from the fractionation column and at least a portion of said withdrawn stream is recycled to the column directly or after optional liquid separation, and optionally a portion of said withdrawn stream is recycled to the hydrocracking step directly or after optional gas separation.

Abstract: An auxiliary multi-pass tube bundle heat exchanger for improving the melting efficiency of melter kettles used to melt thermoplastic pavement marking materials. The auxiliary multi-pass tube bundle heat exchanger includes a heat transfer tube bundle having a plurality of heat transfer tubes in which the flow of molten thermoplastic material reverses directions at least once. Hot heat transfer oils flows around the plurality of heat transfer tubes. Molten thermoplastic material is pumped from the bottom of a melter kettle, through the auxiliary multi-pass tube bundle heat exchanger and to the top of the melter kettle. A drainage system is provided to drain molten thermoplastic material and any settled glass beads form the auxiliary multi-pass tube bundle heat exchanger and a purging system is provided to purge molten thermoplastic material form the auxiliary multi-pass tube bundle heat exchanger using compressed air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to decreasing the amount of diluent needed to convert a heavy oil to a bitumen product that can be transported by pipeline. More specifically, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for partially upgrading heavy oil into a lower viscosity bitumen product.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a zeolite-based compound having a high crystallinity, a method for producing the zeolite-based compound, and a method for producing methyl acetate using the zeolite-based compound. The zeolite-based compound includes a zeolite-based core; and a surface-portion formed on at least a portion of a surface of the zeolite-based core and made of ferrierite.

Abstract: According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for producing branched alkanes and branched alkenes from the pyrolysis of radical precursors.

Abstract: The thermochemical conversion of biomass material to one or more reaction products includes generating thermal energy with at least one heat source, providing a volume of feedstock, providing a volume of supercritical fluid, transferring a portion of the generated thermal energy to the volume of supercritical fluid, transferring at least a portion of the generated thermal energy from the volume of supercritical fluid to the volume of feedstock, and performing a thermal decomposition process on the volume of feedstock with the thermal energy transferred from the volume of supercritical fluid to the volume of the feedstock in order to form at least one reaction product.

Abstract: A process for preparing a feedstock for a hydroprocessing unit, the feedstock based on crude oil containing asphaltenes and the process including mixing crude oil with a predetermined solvent in a ratio such that no aggregation of asphaltenes in the mixture takes place, and feeding the combined mixture to one or more hydroprocessing units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bimetallic mercaptan conversion catalyst for sweetening liquefied petroleum gas at a low temperature, which is prepared by using an Al2O3—SiO2 composite oxide as a carrier to support bimetallic active components vanadium and nickel. The bimetallic mercaptan conversion catalyst has a proper specific surface area and more metal active center sites, and has advantages of simple preparation, an efficient mercaptan conversion ability even at a low temperature, and causing no saturation and polymerization of olefins. The bimetallic mercaptan conversion catalyst exhibits superior mercaptan conversion performance in LPG sweetening, has strong adaptability to starting materials, and can also nearly completely remove trace carbonyl sulfide contained in LPG.

Abstract: Gasoline fuel and method of making and using it. The fuel comprises from 5 to 20 vol.-% paraffinic hydrocarbons originating from biological oils, fats, or derivatives or combinations thereof. Further, it comprises oxygenates, such as ethanol present in a concentration of about 5 to 15 vol.-%; or iso-butanol present in a concentration of 5 to 20 vol.-%, preferably about 10 to 17 vol.-%; or ETBE present in a concentration of 7 to 25 vol.-%, preferably about 15 to 22 vol.-%. The bioenergy content of the gasoline is at least 14 Energy equivalent percentage (Eeqv-%) calculated based on the heating values given in the European Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC. By means of the invention, fuels with a high bioenergy content are provided which can be used in conventional gasoline-fuelled automotive engines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a utility fluid, such as a fluid containing aromatic and non-aromatic ringed molecules, useful as a diluent when hydroprocessing pyrolysis tar, such as steam cracker tar. The specified utility fluid comprises ?10.0 wt % aromatic and non-aromatic ring compounds and each of the following: (a) ?1.0 wt % of 1.0 ring class compounds; (b) ?5.0 wt % of 1.5 ring class compounds; (c) ?5.0 wt % of 2.0 ring class compounds; and (d) ?0.1 wt % of 5.0 ring class compounds. The invention also relates to methods for producing such a utility fluid and to processes for hydroprocessing pyrolysis tar.

Abstract: Processes for upgrading partially converted vacuum residua hydrocarbon feeds are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the conversion of asphaltenes to light fractions, including: a process of reacting a hydrogen donor solvent with an asphaltene-containing feedstock, and fractionating reaction products, where a weight ratio of the hydrogen donor solvent to the asphaltene-containing feedstock is 0.1-5:1, a weight hourly space velocity of the reaction is 0.2-5 h?1, reaction pressure is 0.5-25 MPa, reaction temperature is 360-500° C., and the hydrogen donor solvent is a solvent containing polycyclic aromatic compound having ?-hydrogen. The method according to the present invention can effectively achieve light fraction conversion of the asphaltenes to light fractions, and the process operation is simple.

Abstract: A continuous high capacity system for converting hydrocarbon containing post-consumer waste, post-industrial waste, renewable hydrocarbon feedstock into a biofuel, using a pug for blending less than 200 micron diameter particulate with a plasticizing agent; a sealing auger for forming an agglomerated material and sealing, a cutting device, a vacuum chamber to remove air from the cut material, an extruder forming an extrudate, a heating chamber or the heat exchanger to evolve at least one gas; a pressure sensor and temperature sensors in the heating chamber or the heat exchanger, a cooling chamber providing controlled pressure and controlled temperature cooling of the evolved gasses, wherein the cooling chamber liquefies sequentially at least 50 percent of the evolved gasses forming a liquid.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is provided to produce desulfurized diesel at low pressure with high cetane rating. A hydrotreated stream is stripped and fed to a saturation reactor. The saturated stream is stripped again and fractionated to provide diesel product. Unconverted oil may be hydrocracked and stripped with the saturated product.

Abstract: The recycle gas stream containing hydrogen that is part of the feedstream to a hydroprocessing reactor is mixed with the low purity make-up hydrogen and the sour flash gases upstream of the recycle gas compressor and compressed by the recycle gas compressor. The compressed gases pass through a methane and higher (C1+) absorber to produce a sweet hydrogen recycle gas stream that is delivered to the hydroprocessing reactor at 96-98 mol % hydrogen. The process can be used to advantage in existing process facilities to increase the hydrogen partial pressure in the feedstream to the hydroprocessor where the existing recycle gas compressor is not designed for compressing the high purity hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to the integration of a process for hydrotreatment of distillates (light and/or middle), that operates under a hydrogen partial pressure of 0.5 to 6.0 MPa, with a process for hydrotreatment/hydroconversion of middle and/or heavy distillates that operates at a hydrogen partial pressure that is at least 4.0 MPa higher than the hydrogen partial pressure of the process for hydrotreatment of distillates (light and/or middle). The integration resides in the use of the hydrogen-rich gas, obtained from the hydrotreatment/hydroconversion effluents, in the process for hydrotreatment of distillates (light and/or middle) and in the adjustment of the pressure level of this hydrogen-rich gas removed from the hydrotreatment/hydroconversion. This invention makes it possible to considerably reduce the net consumption of make-up hydrogen in the process for hydrotreatment of distillates (light and/or middle).

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a slurry hydrocracking process. The process can include providing one or more hydrocarbon compounds having an initial boiling point temperature of at least about 340° C., and a slurry catalyst to a slurry hydrocracking zone. The slurry catalyst may have about 32-about 50%, by weight, iron; about 3-about 14%, by weight, aluminum; no more than about 10%, by weight, sodium; and about 2-about 10%, by weight, calcium. Typically, all catalytic component percentages are as metal and based on the weight of the dried slurry catalyst.

Abstract: A system and process for the preparation of high quality gasoline through recombination of catalytic hydrocarbon includes fractionator and extractor. The upper part of the fractionator is equipped with light petrol pipeline, the lower part of the fractionator is equipped with heavy petrol pipeline, the middle part of the fractionator is equipped with medium petrol pipeline. The medium petrol pipeline is connected with a medium petrol extractor, the upper part of the medium petrol extractor is connected with the medium petrol raffinate oil hydrogenation unit through the pipeline, the lower part of the medium petrol extractor is connected with the medium petrol aromatic hydrocarbon hydrogenation unit through the pipeline.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for hydrocracking a primary hydrocarbon feed and a diesel co-feed in a hydrocracking unit and hydrotreating a diesel product from the hydrocracking unit in a hydrotreating unit. The diesel stream fed through the hydrocracking unit is pretreated to reduce sulfur and ammonia and can be upgraded with noble metal catalyst.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for making high viscosity index lubricating base oils having a viscosity index of at least 110 by co-feeding a ketone or a beta-keto-ester feedstock with a lubricant oil feedstock directly to a hydrocracking unit to produce a hydrocracked stream. Then at least a portion of the hydrocracked stream is treated under hydroisomerization conditions to produce a high viscosity index lubricating base oil. The process may involve bypassing a hydrotreating or hydrofinishing step, which may result in improved efficiency and economics in producing high viscosity index lubricating base oils.

Abstract: A plate that allows the distribution of a polyphase mixture in a reactor that operates in the trickle mode and that consists of at least one gaseous phase and at least one liquid phase, with the plate (10) being located above a catalytic particle bed, comprising a number of shafts (3), and a portion of the shafts of the plate, located close to the wall of the reactor chamber, called peripheral shafts, are truncated. The plate is used in a reactor for the purpose of carrying out hydrotreatment, hydrogenation, or oxidation.

Abstract: Split-shell fractionation columns and associated processes for separating aromatic hydrocarbons. A split-shell fractionation column includes a housing shell having a first height and a partition having a second height and disposed within the housing shell. The partition includes first and second vertically oriented baffles separated by a gap region, a seal plate connecting top ends of the baffles, a first input port formed to extend through the partition for the introduction of a gas into the gap region, and a first output port formed to extend outwardly from a bottom of the gap region and through the housing shell. The partition defines a first distillation zone and a second distillation zone within the housing shell.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for hydrocarbon conversion. The process can include providing a feed to a slurry hydrocracking zone, obtaining a hydrocarbon stream including one or more C16-C45 hydrocarbons from the at least one separator, providing another feed to a hydrocracking zone, and providing hydrogen from a three-stage compressor to the slurry hydrocracking zone and the hydrocracking zone. Moreover, the slurry hydrocracking zone may include a slurry hydrocracking reactor and at least one separator.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feed in a hydrotreating unit and hydrocracking a second hydrocarbon stream in a hydrocracking unit. The hydrocracking unit and the hydrotreating unit may share the same recycle gas compressor. A make-up hydrogen stream may also be compressed in the recycle gas compressor. A hydrocracking separator separates recycle gas and hydrocarbons from the hydrocracking unit to be processed with effluent from the hydrotreating unit.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the supercritical upgrading of petroleum feedstock, wherein the process includes the use of a start-up agent, wherein the use of the start-up agent facilitates mixing of the petroleum feedstock and water, thereby reducing or eliminating the production of coke, coke precursor, and sludge.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon synthesizer system for the production of petroleum fractions from a feedstock. Methods of synthesizing hydrocarbons from a feedstock.

Abstract: Methods of controlling the heat-up and/or cool-down of a reactor system. One method includes collecting data sets for a hydrocracker reactor system at a first heat-up rate, generating a stability detection model of the reactor, modifying the heat-up rate through an operating region where initiation of reactions are expected and where reactions are occurring until the reactor achieves stable operation.

Abstract: A process of producing a light oil stream from slurry oils. The process begins by obtaining slurry oil from a fluid catalytic cracking unit. The slurry oil is then flowed over a fixed bed catalyst, consisting essentially of a non-metal catalyst, to produce a processed slurry oil. The processed slurry oil is then separated by boiling point to separate out the light oil stream.

Abstract: A continuous process to upgrade heavy crude oil for producing more valuable crude feedstock having high API gravity, low asphaltene content, and high middle distillate yield, low sulfur content, low nitrogen content, and low metal co teat without external supply of hydrogen and/or catalyst. Heavy crude oil having substantial amount of asphaltene and heavy components is mixed with highly waxy crude oil having large amount of paraffinic components and water to decompose asphaltene compounds and remove sulfur, nitrogen, and metal containing substances under supercritical conditions. Product has higher API gravity, lower asphaltene content, high middle distillate yield, lower sulfur content, lower nitrogen content, and lower metal content to be suitable for conventional petroleum refining process.

Abstract: A process for producing liquid fuel from biomass feed stock comprising feeding a biomass feedstock into a one stage atmospheric pressure thermo-catalytic plasma gasifier, contacting the feedstock with oxygen or steam or both to obtain a syngas stream; splitting the syngas stream into first and second streams; conveying the first stream to a water gas shift reactor for producing a modified syngas stream containing CO and hydrogen; the second stream bypassing the water gas shift reactor and being added to the modified syngas steam; optionally reforming natural gas by steam methane reforming to produce a synthetic gas and optionally adding the synthetic gas to the water gas shift reactor; thereby obtaining a syngas having a H2:CO ratio of about 1:1 to about 2:1; subjecting the syngas to a Fischer Tropsch reaction thereby producing a wax product; and subjecting the product to a hydrogen cracking process to produce liquid fuel; and apparatus therefore.

Abstract: A simplified process is provided for creating hybrid crude oils and hybrid crude fractions with characteristics superior to the original. The process uniquely combines gases with crude oil or crude fractions in an effervescent turbulent manner at low temperatures and pressures and without the further aid of catalysts. The process breaks large chain hydrocarbons into smaller chain hydrocarbons, molecularly combines carbon, hydrogen, and/or hydrocarbon molecules from the gases with and into hydrocarbon molecules of the crude or crude fraction, and separates contaminants and impurities.

Abstract: A method of increasing the hydrogen/carbon monoxide (H2/CO) ratio in a syngas stream derived from a carbonaceous fuel including coal, brown coal, peat, and heavy residual oil fractions, preferably coal. The fuel-derived syngas stream is divided into at least two sub-streams, one of which undergoes a catalytic water shift conversion reaction. The so-obtained converted sub-stream is combined with the non-converted sub-stream(s) to form a second syngas stream with an increased H2/CO ratio. The method of the present invention can provide a syngas with a H2/CO ratio more suitable for efficient hydrocarbon synthesis carried out on a given catalyst, such as in one or more Fischer-Tropsch reactors, as well as being able to accommodate variation in the H2/CO ratio of syngas formed from different qualities of feedstock fuels.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for hydroprocessing of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising: (a) mixing liquid, partially vaporized and/or vaporized hydrocarbon feedstock with molecular hydrogen; (b) feeding said mixture into a compression reactor; (c) compressing said mixture to a pressure, a temperature and for a residence time sufficient to: i) thermally crack at least a portion of hydrocarbon molecules in said hydrocarbon feedstock, and ii) react hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst with unstable portions of the cracked molecules, forming a hydroprocessed product; and (d) expanding said mixture to reduce the pressure and temperature thereby reducing subsequent undesirable reactions.

Abstract: According to the present invention, organic material is converted to a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make liquid transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons under conditions to hydrogenate the hydrocarbons with the renewable hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention describes a heteropolycompound constituted by a nickel salt of a lacunary Keggin type heteropolyanion comprising tungsten in its structure, with formula: Nix+y/2AW11-yO39-5/2y, zH2O wherein Ni is nickel, A is selected from phosphorus, silicon and boron, W is tungsten, O is oxygen, y=0 or 2, x=3.5 if A is phosphorus, x=4 if A is silicon, x=4.5 if A is boron, and x=m/2+2 for the rest, and z is a number in the range 0 to 36, in which said heteropolycompound has no nickel atom in substitution for a tungsten atom in its structure, said nickel atoms being placed in the counter-ion position in the structure of said compound.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbon feed into lighter hydrocarbon products. The heavy hydrocarbon feed is slurried with a catalyst comprising molybdenum supported on a base, such as boehmite or pseudo-boehmite alumina. Iron oxide may also be in the base. The base is preferably bauxite. The heavy hydrocarbon slurry is hydrocracked in the presence of the catalyst to produce lighter hydrocarbons.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system for upgrading a hydrocarbon material may include a black wax upgrade subsystem and a molten salt gasification (MSG) subsystem. The black wax upgrade subsystem and the MSG subsystem may be located within a common pressure boundary, such as within a pressure vessel. Gaseous materials produced by the MSG subsystem may be used in the process carried out within the black wax upgrade subsystem. For example, hydrogen may pass through a gaseous transfer interface to interact with black wax feed material to hydrogenate such material during a cracking process. In one embodiment, the gaseous transfer interface may include one or more openings in a tube or conduit which is carrying the black wax material. A pressure differential may control the flow of hydrogen within the tube or conduit. Related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalytic conversion process for increasing the light olefin yields, which comprises bringing a hydrocarbon oil feedstock into contact with a catalytic conversion catalyst in a catalytic conversion reactor including one or more reaction zones to carry out the reaction, wherein the hydrocarbon oil feedstock is subjected to the catalytic conversion reaction in the presence of an inhibitor; and separating the reactant vapor optionally containing the inhibitor from the coke deposited catalyst, wherein a target product containing ethylene and propylene is obtained by separating the reactant vapor, and the coke deposited catalyst is stripped and regenerated for recycle use by being returned to the reactor. The process can weaken the further converting reaction of produced light olefins such as ethylene and propylene to 50-70% of the original level by injecting the inhibitor; thereby it can increase the yields of the target products.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbon feed into lighter hydrocarbon products. The heavy hydrocarbon feed is slurried with a catalyst comprising molybdenum supported on a base, such as boehmite or pseudo-boehmite alumina. Iron oxide may also be in the base. The base is preferably bauxite. The heavy hydrocarbon slurry is hydrocracked in the presence of the catalyst to produce lighter hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen and at least one metal-containing catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, the catalyst(s), and the hydrogen are provided to a mixing zone and blended in the mixing zone at a temperature of from 375° C. to 500° C. and a total pressure of from 6.9 MPa to 27.5 MPa. A vapor comprised of hydrocarbons that are vaporizable at the temperature and pressure within the mixing zone is separated from the mixing zone. Any metal-containing catalyst provided to the mixing zone has an acidity as measured by ammonia chemisorption of at most 200 ?mol ammonia per gram of catalyst.