Abstract: Froth flotation collectors comprising dithiocarbamates of the Formula (I) as described herein are useful for the beneficiation and recovery of metals from mineral ores.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reverse froth flotation process for treating a calcium carbonate ore containing silicates. The process comprises the use of two collectors selected from the group consisting of fatty tri-lower-alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, fatty di-lower-alkyl benzyl quaternary ammonium compounds, fatty lower-alkyl di-benzyl quaternary ammonium compounds, di-fatty di-lower-alkyl quats, di-fatty lower-alkyl benzyl quats, and fatty bis-imidazoline quats. The use of a combination of different quats was found to result in a synergetic performance of the collectors.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards methods and compositions for separating materials are provided. The present invention provides a method of separating first material from a second material such as mixing the first material and the second material in a slurry with a beneficiation composition. The beneficiation composition can comprise methyl isobutyl carbinol mixture derived from a methyl isobutyl ketone and/or methyl isobutyl carbinol manufacturing process. Additionally air bubbles can be provided in the slurry to form bubble-particle aggregates with the first material and the bubble-particle aggregates can be allowed to be separated from the second material.

Abstract: A method for conducting froth flotation using a collector which is primarily hydrocarbon in nature or is a mixture of hydrocarbons with certain oxygenates, the collectors being substantially free of polynuclear aromatics, sulfur and nitrogen.

Abstract: Green compositions and technologies are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of separating a first material from a second material. For example, the method can comprise mixing the first material and the second material in a slurry with a beneficiation composition. The beneficiation composition can comprise one or more glyceride and fatty acid mixtures extracted from an ethanol process. Air bubbles can be provided in the slurry to form bubble-particle aggregates with the first material and the bubble-particle aggregates can be allowed to be separated from the second material.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a compound of the formula (I) where R1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1-40 carbon atoms, R2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2-4 carbon atoms, and also R3 is an alkoxy group, n is in the range from 1 to 50, and m is 1 or 2, as flotation reagent in silicate flotation R1—O—R2—NH(2-m)—[(R3)n—H]m??(I).

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of non-sulfur containing compounds and their derivatives as collectors in the froth flotation of particular mineral sulfide and metallic compounds, particularly molybdenum-containing compounds. The non-sulfur containing compounds and their derivatives may be from a natural source or synthetic. The non-sulfur containing compounds are typically compatible with common frothers. The non-sulfur containing compounds may be used singularly, with one or more derivatives, or in any combination with each other and/or known commercial sulfur containing collectors.

Abstract: A method for conducting froth flotation using a collector which is primarily hydrocarbon in nature or is a mixture of hydrocarbons with certain oxygenates, the collectors being substantially free of polynuclear aromatics, sulfur and nitrogen.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards methods and compositions for separating materials are provided. The present invention provides a method of separating first material from a second material such as mixing the first material and the second material in a slurry with a beneficiation composition. The beneficiation composition can comprise methyl isobutyl carbinol mixture derived from a methyl isobutyl ketone and/or methyl isobutyl carbinol manufacturing process. Additionally air bubbles can be provided in the slurry to form bubble-particle aggregates with the first material and the bubble-particle aggregates can be allowed to be separated from the second material.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a compound of formula R—N-[A-NH2]2??(1) wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms while A represents a C2 to C4 alkylene group, as collector in silicate flotation.

Abstract: A method for conducting froth flotation using a collector which is primarily hydrocarbon in nature or is a mixture of hydrocarbons with certain oxygenates, the collectors being substantially free of polynuclear aromatics, sulfur and nitrogen.

Abstract: A method of separating mixed particles in a flotation cell uses a fluidized bed within the cell where particles are fluidized in a quiescent zone by liquid moving upwardly through the fluidized bed. The fluidizing liquid may be provided by the feed or by recycling liquid from upper parts of the cell such as from the disengagement zone. Bubbles are introduced into the lower part of the cell through a mechanical impeller which also breaks up any channels in the mixing zone, or by separate aeration in the bottom of the cell or by introduction through a recycle pipe.

Abstract: Amine-aldehyde resins are disclosed for removing a wide variety of solids and/or ionic species from the liquids in which they are suspended and/or dissolved. These resins are especially useful as froth flotation depressants, for example in the beneficiation of value materials (e.g., bitumen, coal, or kaolin clay) to remove impurities such as sand. The resins are also useful for treating aqueous liquid suspensions to remove solid particulates, as well as for removing metallic ions in the purification of water.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for separating materials are provided. The present invention provides a method of separating a first material from a second material such as mixing the first material and the second material in a slurry with a beneficiation composition. The beneficiation composition can comprise methyl isobutyl carbinol mixture derived from a methyl isobutyl ketone and/or methyl isobutyl carbinol manufacturing process. Additionally air bubbles can be provided in the slurry to form bubble-particle aggregates with the first material and the bubble-particle aggregates can be allowed to be separated from the second material.

Abstract: A process of regulating the water content of water-fluidized oil sand ore during processing of the ore is disclosed. The weight (mo) of a sample charge of oil sand ore having a bulk volume (Vt) is determined. The inter granular voids of the sample charge are then filled with water, and the weight (ma) of the added inter granular water is determined. A target specific gravity value (SGmix) is selected for the fluidized oil sand ore. The volume of additional water, ?V, to add to a sample charge of bulk volume Vt, to achieve the target specific gravity value (SGmix) is calculated by solving the following equation: ? ? ? V = V t · ( ( m o + m a ? ? ? w · V t ) - SG mix SG mix - 1 ) + m a ? ? ? w The determined volume ?V of additional water per bulk volume Vt of oil sand ore to be processed is added to the oil sand ore, producing water-fluidized oil sand ore. The ore is then processed to concentrate the bitumen.

Abstract: Modified resins are disclosed for removing a wide variety of solids and/or ionic species from the liquids in which they are suspended and/or dissolved. These modified resins are especially useful as froth flotation depressants in the beneficiation of many types of materials (e.g., mineral and metal ores), including the beneficiation of impure coal comprising clay impurities, as well as in the separation of valuable bitumen from solid contaminants such as sand. The modified resins are also useful for treating aqueous liquid suspensions to facilitate the removal of solid particulates, as well as the removal of metallic ions in the purification of water. The modified resins comprise a base resin that is modified with a coupling agent, which is highly selective for binding to solid contaminants and especially siliceous materials such as sand or clay.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating insoluble components of sylvinite, in that the sylvinite is suspended in a saturated salt solution, a coagulating agent is added to the suspension, and a foaming agent comprising a hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 16 carbon atoms is added to the composition so obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating insoluble components from sylvinite, wherein the sylvinite is suspended in a saturated salt brine, a coagulating agent is added to the suspension, and a foaming agent is then added to the composition thus obtained, said foaming agent comprising and ether and/or ester, wherein a) the ethers of formula 1 correspond to R—O—R? (1), where R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and R? is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; b) the esters are derived from monovalent or multivalent alcohols having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (alcohol radicals); or c) the ethers and/or esters are cyclic, wherein the ring size is 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Materials in battery and electrochemical cells are separated in a form suitable for recycling by employing froth flotation techniques. Bulk materials, such as casings, are removed from converted battery scrap and the resultant pulp is subjected to froth flotation. Froth flotation agents, including frothers, collectors and/or depressants, are used to manipulate the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the materials in the scrap. Hydrophobic materials are entrained in the air bubbles of the froth and float out of the froth flotation vessel while those that are hydrophilic remain in the vessel, thereby separating battery grid materials without resort to pyrometallurgical, energy intensive or other environmentally undesirable processes.

Abstract: Modified resins are disclosed for removing a wide variety of solids and/or ionic species from the liquids in which they are suspended and/or dissolved. These modified resins are especially useful as froth flotation depressants in the beneficiation of many types of materials (e.g., mineral and metal ores), including the beneficiation of impure coal comprising clay impurities, as well as in the separation of valuable bitumen from solid contaminants such as sand. The modified resins are also useful for treating aqueous liquid suspensions to facilitate the removal of solid particulates, as well as the removal of metallic ions in the purification of water. The modified resins comprise a base resin that is modified with a coupling agent, which is highly selective for binding to solid contaminants and especially siliceous materials such as sand or clay.

Abstract: The object is to remove unburned carbon in a fly ash in a stable and economically advantageous manner. A fly ash, water and a trapping agent are mixed together in a hybrid mixer (2), a shearing force is applied to the mixture to prepare a slurry containing surface-modified unburned carbon within a short time, a foaming agent is added to the slurry, and then the unburned carbon is separated by performing flotation separation in a flotator (11).

Abstract: A derivative of aspartic acid is used as a collector for a phosphate containing mineral, such as apatite, in a froth flotation process. According to the invention the collector has a high selectivity for phosphate containing minerals even in the presence of carbonate minerals, such as calcite. The derivative has the formula (I) where RI is a hydrophobic group containing a hydrocarbon group of 6-24 carbon atoms; RII is an alkyl group with 1-7 carbon atoms or a group of the formula (B)yH, in which B is an alkyleneoxy group with 2-4 carbon atoms and y is a number from 1 to 10; and M is a group selected from the group consisting of a cation or hydrogen. Methods for producing the derivative are also described.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for separating materials are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of separating a first material from a second material. For example, the method can comprise mixing the first material and the second material in a slurry with a beneficiation composition. The beneficiation composition can comprise one or more fatty acid by-products derived from a biodiesel manufacturing process. Air bubbles can be provided in the slurry to form bubble-particle aggregates with the first material and the bubble-particle aggregates can be allowed to be separated from the second material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing unburned carbon from fly ash at low cost and within a short time. The method comprises the steps of adding a collecting agent to fly ash directly, agitating/mixing the mixture in a mixer (5), adding water to the resulting mixed material in a mixing vessel (7) to yield a slurry, applying a shearing force to the slurry in a submerged stirrer (9), and performing flotation separation of unburned carbon in a flotator (15).

Abstract: Modified resins are disclosed for removing a wide variety of solids and/or ionic species from the liquids in which they are suspended and/or dissolved. These modified resins are especially useful as froth flotation depressants in the beneficiation of many types of materials (e.g., mineral and metal ores), including the beneficiation of impure coal comprising clay impurities, as well as in the separation of valuable bitumen from solid contaminants such as sand. The modified resins are also useful for treating aqueous liquid suspensions to remove solid particulates, as well as for removing metallic ions in the purification of water. The modified resins comprise a base resin that is modified with a coupling agent, which is highly selective for binding to solid contaminants and especially siliceous materials such as sand or clay.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for separating materials are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of separating a first material from a second material. For example, the method can comprise mixing the first material and the second material in a slurry with a beneficiation composition. The beneficiation composition can comprise one or more fatty acid by-products derived from a biodiesel manufacturing process or derived from transesterification reactions involving triglycerides. Air bubbles can be provided in the slurry to form bubble-particle aggregates with the first material and the bubble-particle aggregates can be separated from the second material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of online analysis of mineral waste content of a slurry in a mineral separation process, said method including the steps of: measuring the density of said slurry (10); measuring the concentration of solids in said slurry (12); calculating the density of solids in said slurry from said slurry density and said solids concentration (20); and calculating said mineral waste content from said solids density (22). The present invention also provides an online analyzer for mineral waste content of a slurry in a mineral separation process.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for separating materials are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of separating a first material from a second material. For example, the method can comprise mixing the first material and the second material in a shiny with a beneficiation composition. The beneficiation composition can comprise one or more fatty acid by-products derived from a biodiesel manufacturing process. Air bubbles can be provided in the slurry to form bubble-particle aggregates with the first material and the bubble-particle aggregates can be allowed to be separated from the second material.

Abstract: Water from coal bed methane production which is suitable for almost nothing, is ozonated in a reactor to oxidize the iron content from +2 to +3, that is from ferrous to ferric, and to oxidize the manganese content from +2 to +4. The water after such first treatment is run through a separation means and then through a rotating filter, and then subjected to capacitive deionization, to yield clean water, which is then treated further to adjust he sodium content to render the water suitable for domestic and agricultural purposes. Some of the produced water is run back through the capacitive deionization cells when no voltage is applied to clean the cells for the next voltage application cycle. Some of the water produced may also be run back through the separation means to help clean out the crud.

Abstract: A continuous flotation process and apparatus for iron-containing sulphides in ores and concentrates of ores are disclosed. The process includes adjusting the pH of an aqueous pulp of the ores or concentrates of the ores to be in the range of 6.5-8.5 and thereafter adding a reducing agent to modify an iron hydroxide film on the surface of iron-containing sulphides in the ores or ore concentrates to enable adsorption of a collector onto iron-containing sulphides. The process also includes adding the collector to the pulp prior to, during, or after adding the reducing agent. The process also includes aerating the pulp to increase the pulp potential to a level sufficient to allow collector adsorption onto the iron-containing sulphides and thereafter bubbling gas through the pulp and subjecting the aqueous pulp to froth flotation to produce a froth containing said sulphide containing minerals.

Abstract: A process for separating phosphatic materials from coastal beach sand and sand deposits used for beach renourishment. The steps include (a) suspending a mixture of beach sand and phosphatic material in water, (b) introducing compressed gas, preferably air, into the mixture or sparging to produce a bubble froth on the surface of the water, and (c) skimming or separating the bubble froth from the surface of or within the water to effect separation of the phosphatic material in the froth from the beach sand left in the water. The bubbles of the bubble froth attract and carry the phosphatic material on the surface of the bubbles during upward movement through the mixture. A conditioner added to the water which improves the tendency of the phosphatic material to “float” is preferred.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removal of an unburned carbon contained in a fly ash material. The method comprises the steps of adding water to the fly ash to prepare a fly ash slurry; shearing the fly ash slurry using an agitating blade that can rotate at a high speed to generate an active energy on the surface of an unburned carbon by the shearing force, thereby imparting lipophilicity to the unburned carbon; and adding a collecting agent and a foaming agent to the slurry containing the lipophylized unburned carbon to cause the attachment of the collecting agent to the lipophylized unburned carbon, and at the same time, causing the attachment of the unburned carbon having the collecting agent attached thereto an air bubble to separate the unburned carbon by flotation.

Abstract: The present invention relates a flotation reagent for sulfidic ores, containing at least one compound of formula (1), wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7, independent of one another, represent hydrogen or groups containing 1 to 15 carbon atoms or groups containing oxygen or nitrogen, and at least another compound serving as collector and containing at least one sulfur atom that is directly bound to a carbon or phosphorus atom, wherein the carbon or phosphorus atom is directly bound to at least another sulfur atom or an oxygen atom.

Abstract: A separation apparatus contains: a dispersion liquid introduction path to which a dispersion liquid containing particles is introduced; a separation path that has a inclined upper face inclined with respect to a direction of gravity and separates the particles; and a discharge path from which particles separated by the separation path are discharged.

Abstract: The invention relates to a collector for the separation by flotation of carbonates contained in non-sulfurous minerals, particularly phosphoric rock, comprising at least one phosphoric ester of formula (I) wherein, R1 represents H, CH3 or C2H5, R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing between 4 and 10 carbon atoms, R3 represents H or a suitable cation, selected from an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkyl ammonium, alkanol ammonium or glucammonium, k represents a number comprised between 1 and 2, and n represents a number comprised between 0 and 4.

Abstract: The invention provides a flotation process which includes the steps of providing a flotation mixture containing mineral values to be recovered and adding an activator to the flotation mixture, which activator may comprise a metal complex formed by a coordinating metal ion and a ligand. A particular aspect of the invention relates to the use of the metal complexes as activators. These complexes are stable over a wide pH range, which is not the case with other inorganic compounds of which the applicant is aware, such as zinc sulphate, copper sulphate and manganese sulphate. The ligand may have the structure R—(X)n, in which X may be selected from amines, carboxyls, phosphonates and sulphonates; R may be an organic group; and n may be 1 to 4. The ligand may be selected to be a multidentate ligand. The invention extends to an activator for use in a flotation process.

Abstract: Collectors for froth flotation including oxidized fatty acid compositions and oxidized and maleated compositions. In particular, use of oxidized tall oil compositions and oxidized and maleated fatty acid compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to washing and cleaning agents containing, as solvents a compound of formula (1), wherein A is (CH2)a or phenylene, R1, R2, R3, and R4 identically or independently denote C1 to C22-n- and/or iso-alkyl, C5- or C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C9-alkylphenyl or phenyl, A is (CH2)a, and a is an integer from 0 to 6.

Abstract: A method for conducting froth flotation using a collector which is primarily hydrocarbon in nature or is a mixture of hydrocarbons with certain oxygenates, the collectors being substantially free of polynuclear aromatics, sulfur and nitrogen.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for separating materials are provided. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of separating a first material from a second material. For example, the method can comprise mixing the first material and the second material in a slurry with a beneficiation composition. The beneficiation composition can comprise one or more fatty acid by-products derived from a biodiesel manufacturing process and one or more green collectors. Air bubbles can be provided in the slurry to form bubble-particle aggregates with the first material and the bubble-particle aggregates can be allowed to be separated from the second material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented for determining the quantity of liquid and solid content in a removal stream of a froth created from a suspension that is generated during a froth flotation operation. Specifically, electrodes are immersed in the froth generated from a suspension having a known quantity of fiber particles, and the conductance of the froth is measured to establish a relationship between the measured conductance and the quantity of fiber particles. The electrodes are then submerged in a froth generated from a suspension having an unknown quantity of fiber particles, and the froth conductance is measured. The quantity of fiber particles in the froth can then be determined from the pre-established relationship between conductance and solid particle content.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and a system for recovering energy, materials or both from asphaltene-containing tailings are disclosed. The asphaltene-containing tailings can be generated, for example, from a process for recovering hydrocarbons from oil sand. Embodiments of the method can include a flotation separation and a hydrophobic agglomeration separation. Flotation can be used to separate the asphaltene-containing tailings into an asphaltene-rich froth and an asphaltene-depleted aqueous phase. The asphaltene-rich froth, or an asphaltene-rich slurry formed from the asphaltene-rich froth, then can be separated into a heavy mineral concentrate and a light tailings. Hydrophobic agglomeration can be used to recover an asphaltene concentrate from the light tailings. Another flotation separation can be included to remove sulfur-containing minerals from the heavy mineral concentrate. Oxygen-containing minerals also can be recovered from the heavy mineral concentrate.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently C1-C2 alkyl, and m is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 and compositions of formula (II) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently C1-C4 alkyl, and n is an integer >_0 and wherein the average molar value of n for the total of the compounds of formula (II) in said composition is in the range of (1) to (3) and methods for production thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the beneficiation of coal by the process of froth flotation and specifically relates to a process for the froth flotation of coal using a collector consisting essentially of a fatty acid monoester of a polyol, a fatty acid diester of a polyol, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the beneficiation of coal by the process of froth flotation and specifically relates to a process for the froth flotation of coal using a mixture of fatty acids and rosin acids (and/or certain derivatives of fatty acids and rosin acids) as a collector.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a compound of formula R—N-[A-NH2]2??(1) wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms while A represents a C2 to C4 alkylene group, as collector in silicate flotation.

Abstract: A process for separating phosphatic materials from coastal beach sand and sand deposits used for beach renourishment. The steps include (a) suspending a mixture of beach sand and phosphatic material in water, (b) introducing compressed gas, preferably air, into the mixture or sparging to produce a bubble froth on the surface of the water, and (c) skimming or separating the bubble froth from the surface of or within the water to effect separation of the phosphatic material in the froth from the beach sand left in the water. The bubbles of the bubble froth attract and carry the phosphatic material on the surface of the bubbles during upward movement through the mixture. A conditioner added to the water which improves the tendency of the phosphatic material to “float” is preferred.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a compound of the formula (I) where R1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1-40 carbon atoms, R2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2-4 carbon atoms, and also R3 is an alkoxy group, n is in the range from 1 to 50, and m is 1 or 2, as flotation reagent in silicate flotation R1—O—R2—NH(2-m)—[(R3)n—H]m??(I)

Abstract: This invention relates to the pH modifier in alkaline froth flotation processes to treat oxide and semi-soluble salt ores, such as phosphates, sulfates, carbonates and halides, to increase the recovery while generally maintaining or improving selectivity, thus the grade of desired minerals. The invented pH modifier is used to replace traditional alkaline pH modifiers - hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates, such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, lime and ammonia in anionic flotation processes. The pH modifier is aqueous solution, comprised of combinations of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium silicate, along with sulfonated surfactant products, such as sulfonated petroleum oil, fatty acids, alkylates, ethoxylated alcohol ethers, and also sulfosuccinamates; and anionic polymers. The pH modifier is also used as a promoter for anionic collectors and as a depressant for gangue minerals.

Abstract: A process for making an alkylene glycol ether composition is disclosed. In one aspect, the process comprises reacting propylene glycol methyl ether (PM) with from 1.5 to 3 equivalents of propylene oxide (PO). The resulting alkoxylation mixture is distilled to provide a composition comprising at least 30 wt. % of TPM and less than 20 wt. % of DPM. In another process of the invention, DPM reacts with from 0.5 to 1.5 equivalents of PO in similar fashion to make an analogous product. Also disclosed are alkylene glycol ether compositions made by the process of the invention and use of the compositions in a method for recovering metals from metallic ores by froth flotation.