Abstract: An integrated submerged entry nozzle for thin slab continuous casting has a plate member 12 corresponding to the lower plate of a slide gate and a nozzle member 11 having a flat molten steel passage section in the part to be submerged into molten steel of at least the tip, the both 11. 12 being integrated together by the use of an organic adhesive. The plate member 12 and the nozzle member 11 are separately formed followed by baking or firing, the both 11, 12 are adhered together by the use of an organic adhesive, the adhesive is dried, the outside is covered with a shell, and refractory mortar is filled in the space. Thereafter, a refractory ring 28 is adhered in such a manner as to cover the inside of the adhesive joint part followed by drying.

Abstract: Continuous casting of steel strip by solidification of casting poo (68) onto chilled cooling rolls (16) of a twin roll caster. Steel is delivered to casting pool (68) by a refractory delivery nozzle (19) which dips into the casting pool. The refractory material of nozzle (19) contains a significant quantity of chemical compounds contains sulphur, such as molybdenum disulphide (MoS.sub.2), magnesium sulphide (MgS) and calcium sulphate (CaSO.sub.4).

Abstract: A tube changing device is comprised of a chassis (16) mounted of the distributor (2), refractory pieces (10, 18, 22) that delimit a casting gutter, these refractory pieces being comprised of at least one fixed place (18) and a tube having a plate (24) in its upper part, means for generating pressure for applying the plate (24) of the tube (22) against the fixed plate (18), a position for introducing a new tube (22a), a casting position and a position for evacuating the worn tube (22b), guidance means (18, 48) that permit the new tube (22a) to pass from the introduction position to the casting position and the worn tube (22) to pass from the casting position to the evacuation position, actuation means (34, 36) for moving the new tube from the introduction position to the casting position and the worn tube from the casting position to the evacuation position.

Abstract: A nozzle for use in continuous casting of steel simultaneously provides resistance to adhesion of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 inclusions, damage resistance, and spalling resistance. The refractory material of at least the interior surface of the nozzle and/or the portions to come into contact with molten steel is composed of amorphous silica and alumina and has a chemical composition of 5 to 40 percent by weight of SiO.sub.2, 60 to 95 percent by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 3 percent by weight or less of unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A refractory pouring-assembly component is disclosed for use in the continuous casting of molten metals, especially steel. The invention is described as reducing thermal shock-induced cracking, including both radial and horizontal cracks. The component comprises a copressed plate and depending pour tube having a bore. The surface of the plate is made from a scratch-resistant refractory material and the pour tube is made from a thermal shock-resistant refractory material. The pour tube extends through and is substantially coplanar with the plate, so that the molten metal sees a joint-free, thermal shock-resistant material throughout the entire length of the bore.

Abstract: The invention is related to a continuous casting nozzle for casting of aluminum killed steel without clogging of the bore of the nozzle. The surface layer of the bore of the continuous casting nozzle contacting with the molten steel is composed of a refractory comprising graphite from 10 to 35 wt %, a neutral or basic aggregate from 30 to 50 wt % such as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and pottery stone as the remaining part of the refractory.

Abstract: In a slab continuous casting machine comprising a tundish for reserving a molten steel therein, a nozzle holding cassette disposed on an outer bottom portion of the tundish, a mold for use in a casting, and an immersing nozzle mounted in the nozzle holding cassette and for pouring the molten steel in the tundish into the mold, the cavity has a generally rectangular sectional shape defined by a pair of short sides and a pair of long sides. When the immersing nozzle is inserted into the mold and when the immersing nozzle is taken out from the mold, a movement of the immersing nozzle gripped by a handling arm in the mold is limited in a direction parallel to the pair of short sides.

Abstract: In a flat casting nozzle 10 having a taper 13, the position of the terminal end 14 of the taper 13 formed on the long edge side and the position of the terminal end 17 of a taper 16 formed on the short edge side are mutually shifted.

Abstract: An immersion nozzle for pouring molten metal, especially steel, from a pouring vessel into a mold of a continuous casting machine. The nozzle includes a substantially tubular upper part that can be attached to the pouring vessel and a lower part that has a broad side significantly larger than its narrow side at the opening end. The upper part has, at the end facing the lower part, a flared section that encircles the entry area of the lower part. A seal is provided between the upper part and the entry area of the lower part. The lower part has a support in the entry area. Holding elements are provided so as to touch the support of the lower part and connect the lower part to the upper part.

Abstract: A refractory pouring member such as a tundish nozzle or tube and integral plate for use in a slide gate valve or stopper rod valve system in continuous steel casting has selected portions made from an erosion and abrasion resistant refractory composition. The composition comprises: up to 95 wt. % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; up to 15 wt. % C; up to 10 wt. % SiO.sub.2 ; and up to 3 wt. % antioxidant. At least an upper surface of the slide plate is formed from the erosion and abrasion resistant refractory composition to prevent in-service wear of the slide plate and a selected portion of the tube bore is formed of the erosion and abrasion resistant material, preferably extending a distance of about 50 to 300 mm from the top of the slide plate to protect the tube bore from the erosive action within a turbulent flow zone of molten metal which exists when the slide gate valve is in a throttling mode of operation.

Abstract: A submerged nozzle replacing device comprises a slide valve device 6 for controlling the amount of outflow of molten metal flowing out of a molten metal container, a holding cylinder 21 for a submerged nozzle 9 supported in a vertical posture below the slide valve device, and a guide bar 33 having a pair of parallely provided rail members 33a supported in a horizontal posture by a piston rod of the cylinder, and fitted onto a nozzle case 10 at the upper end of the submerged nozzle 9 to hold the nozzle case 10, wherein a guide 32 extending beyond the region of a mold 12 is provided on one side of the slide valve device 6, and a jig holding member 52 for detachably holding a submerged nozzle holding jig 57 is mounted movably on a rail 51 running in the longitudinal direction of the guide 32.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for retarding a flow of molten metal to a metal caster. The flow of molten metal is confined within a duct 11 having an elongate cross-section transverse to the flow directions to shape the flow in a sheet formation. The sheet formation flow is subjected to a magnetic field extending through the flow transversely of the sheet formation and varying sinusoidally along the flow direction whereby to induce circulating electric currents in the molten metal which interact with the magnetic field to produce forces on the molten metal which retard the flow. The magnetic field may be induced by two sets 13 of permanent magnets 14 spaced one set to either side of the duct 11, the magnets 14 of each set being spaced along the flow direction and being of successively opposite magnetic polarity.

Abstract: Continuous casting of steel strip in twin-roll caster comprising casting rolls (16). Molten steel is delivered by a delivery system comprising a distributor (18) and delivery nozzle (19) to casting pool (68) supported above the nip (69) between the casting rolls (16) which are rotated to deliver a solidified steel strip (20) downwardly from the nip. Delivery nozzle (19) dips into casting pool (68). To minimise reactions between carbon in the delivery nozzle with oxygen containing compounds in the casting pool the delivery nozzle is made of refractory material containing a major proportion of a refractory aggregate and a minor proportion of graphite of at least 96% purity in the range of 15% to 25% by weight and an anti-oxidant additive being aluminium or an alloy thereof. The refractory aggregate may be comprised mainly of alumina.

Abstract: In a bottom-pouring casting apparatus having a holding tank, a ladle in the tank and a tank cover, which seals the ladle in the tank, a pouring tube and holding casting are disclosed for mounting on and through the tank cover to provide the pouring tube in the molten metal of the ladle, which tube and holding casting are have similarly tapered outer and inner walls for mating at assembly thereby utilizing gravity and mechanical pressure on the tube holding assembly to more tightly secure the tube agains the holding casting to avoid driving the tube from the holding casting and rendering it inoperable.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an immersion nozzle for casting metal, especially steel, in plants for the continuous casting of thin slabs. On order to provide an immersion casting pipe that is easy to manufacture, has a long life, and enables the liquid metal to flow out in a uniform manner, it is suggested, according to the invention, that the pour-in part (11) is a pipe having a straight-surface front mouth (12), and the pour-out part (21) is constructed from plane-surface wall elements (22, 23). For this purpose, the circular cross-sectional area (A.sub.R) of the pour-in part (11) is in a relationship to the rectangular free cross-sectional area (A.sub.E) of the pour-out part (21) such that A.sub.R /A.sub.E .gtoreq.1.7.

Abstract: The invention is related to a continuous casting nozzle for casting of aluminum killed steel without clogging of the bore of the nozzle. The surface layer of the bore of the continuous casting nozzle contacting with the molten steel is formed of a refractory comprising graphite from 10 to 35 wt %, an aggregate of 10 to 60 wt % selected from alumina matter, zirconia matter, zircon matter, or alumina-silica matter and roseki containing the pyrophyllite (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot.4SiO.sub.2 .multidot.H.sub.2 O) as the main component as the remaining part of the above mentioned materials.

Abstract: A nozzle for continuous casting which is prevented from clogging due to alumina deposition is disclosed, wherein the inner wall member is made of a refractory material having a carbon content of 1% to 10% by weight; a material other than carbon in the refractory material has a grain size of not more than 420 .mu.m; the inner wall member is integrally molded with the outer nozzle body to form an integral structure; and said inner wall member has a thickness of 2 mm to 12 mm.

Abstract: A molten steel pouring nozzle having a bore therethrough, at least a portion of the nozzle forming the bore being comprised of a refractory having calcium zirconate: from 20 to 75 weight %, graphite: from 5 to 30 weight %, and calcium silicide: from 0.5 to 15 weight %.

Abstract: A nozzle or tube which is useful for pouring molten metal, especially aluminum killed molten steel. The nozzle is formed from a blend of doloma and graphite which is bonded together in a carbonized matrix. Nozzles or tubes made in accordance with this invention have enhanced thermal shock resistance. Furthermore, the nozzles or tubes of this invention resist the formation of aluminum oxide therein when they are used for pouring molten aluminum killed steel. Consequently, these tubes or nozzles can be used in a continuous casting process for a long period of time without having to periodically stop the procedure and change the tubes as they become blocked with aluminum oxide. As a result of the thermal shock resistance, the usual preheating step prior to contacting the nozzle with the molten metal is greatly reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a long nozzle used to prevent molten steel flowing out of a collector nozzle of a sliding nozzle from being oxidized by atmospheric air when molten metal, particularly molten steel is poured from a ladle into a tundish. This nozzle has a construction comprising: (a) the long nozzle (3) made of a refractory causes molten metal to flow down from the collector nozzle (2) and the head thereof is covered by a metallic shell (16); (b) a first gas passage is provided to blow inert gas to the vicinity of a fitting portion (7) between the collector nozzle (2) and the long nozzle (3) through a first gas inlet port (8) provided on the side wall of the metallic shell (16); and (c) a second gas passage is provided to blow inert gas into an inner hole (18) of the long nozzle through a second gas inlet port (10) provided on the side wall of the metallic shell (16).

Abstract: A submerged nozzle change device has a slide valve unit 3 which is provided in a molten-metal outlet formed in a lower portion of a molten-metal containing vessel 1 for controlling the outflow of a molten metal. A pair of guide rails 26 for slidably suspending and supporting a holding case 6 mounted on an upper end of a submerged nozzle 5 are swingably supported on the slide valve unit 3 so that one end of each of the guide rails can be pivotally moved upwards and downwards about a shaft 21 while being biased upwards. On the free ends of the guide rails 24, there is provided a pushing cylinder 30 for pushing a new submerged nozzle 51 set on the guide rails 26 to push an old submerged nozzle 52 to the opposite side.

Abstract: The device is made up of two refractory plates, one of them fixed (15) and externally joined to the melt recipient and fitted with a hole matching the outlet nozzle of the recipient, and a sliding one (16) fitted with a refractory melted metal conveyance pipe, which sliding plate is fitted on a tilting frame (25) so that it is capable of sliding linearly. The sliding refractory plate (16) and the refractory pipe (5) are composed of two independent parts that are assembled upon a metal plate (11). The stationary (15) and sliding (16) refractory plates feature similar dimensions and structures and are fitted with a peripheral compression collar (2).

Abstract: Molten metal is fed to a caster in a continuous casting operation through a distributor that divides the molten metal into four streams flowing in circulating patterns from the central axis of the caster. Each stream sweeps first along the longer side wall of the caster toward the corner, then back along the shorter side wall toward the center line. The result is a higher degree of fragmentation of metal crystals as they form, and a better distribution of the fragments across the caster cross section, as well as a more even temperature distribution.

Abstract: A nozzle for use in continuous casting of steel includes a refractory of at least the interior surface of the nozzle and/or the portions to come into contact with molten steel that is composed of an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 refractory material.

Abstract: A method of joining an immersion nozzle to a refractory member is disclosed, wherein a sealing-agent layer is formed on the upper joining surface of the immersion nozzle, and an exfoliating-agent layer is formed on the lower joining surface of the refractory member.

Abstract: A refractory pour tube with a wear resistant plate includes a one-piece composite member formed of different refractory compositions, a casing disposed around a portion of the member, and castable refractory material disposed within the casing. The composite member has a tubular body portion defining an interior bore and an end portion defining a flat plate surface including an opening communicating with the bore. The end portion is formed of a hard refractory composition resistant to abrasion, while the tubular body portion is formed of a refractory composition resistant to thermal shock. First and second castable refractory materials are poured into the casing to form a refractory ring surrounding the flat plate surface and a refractory sleeve surrounding the tubular body portion. The refractory ring cooperates with the flat plate surface to form a hard, wear resistant plate suitable for use in a sliding valve assembly.

Abstract: The invention is related to a continuous casting nozzle for casting of aluminum killed steel without clogging of the bore of the nozzle. The surface layer of the bore of the continuous casting nozzle contacting with the molten steel is formed of a refractory comprising graphite from 10 to 35 wt % and roseki as the remaining part of the graphite, and the main component of the roseki is pyrophyllite (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.4SiO.sub.2.H.sub.2 O) as mineral component. Further, silicon carbide from 1 to 10 wt % is contained in the refractory.

Abstract: A metal delivery nozzle (19) for delivery of molten metal to the nip between casting rolls in a twin roll caster to establish a casting pool supported above the nip. The trough (19) defines an open topped trough (61) to receive molten metal from a distributor. The bottom of the trough (61) is closed and the nozzle has side openings (64) and two large end openings (71) for delivery of molten metal from the trough (61) into the casting pool. The side openings (64) are longitudinally spaced circular holes disposed between unperforated end regions (72) of the nozzle.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a nozzle for introducing liquid metal into a mold for the continuous casting of flat metal products, having two large walls and two side walls, of the type having at its lower end two outlet ports which are made in its lateral wall opposite each other and intended to send the liquid metal each toward a side wall of said mold, and at least two holes made in the bottom of said lower end, wherein a first group of said holes is arranged on one side of a longitudinal plane of symmetry of the nozzle, which plane includes the axes of the outlet ports, and a second group of said holes is arranged on the other side of said plane of symmetry.

Abstract: A tundish including a baffle for directing the flow of molten metal through the tundish. The caster of the invention includes a mold having a center portion and an outside edge portion for solidifying molten metal into a metal product. The caster includes a tundish having a baffle for directing the flow of the molten metal into the mold so that the molten metal solidifies in the central portion before solidifying in the outside edge portion. This way, cracking of the metal product which is solidified in the mold is resisted. An associated method of casting molten metal into a metal product in a mold of a caster is also provided.

Abstract: An improved beaver-tail tube assembly is provided that is easily exchanged in place over a thin-slab casting mold by means of a conventional tube changer. The tube assembly includes a rectangular plate, and a tube body having a circular upper end that is mounted to an orifice in the plate for receiving molten metal, and a lower end that is elongated along its width for discharging molten metal into the elongated opening of a thin-slab casting mold. In the tube assembly of the invention, the upper end of the tube body is mounted to the opening in the plate so that the longitudinal axis of the elongated bottom end of the tube body is oriented at an angle of between about 25.degree. and 55.degree. with respect to a line orthogonal to the parallel sides of the plate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method related to a start-up phase for continuous casting of a molten metal. The molten metal flows into a continuous casting mold through at least one lateral opening of a submerged nozzle and through at least one bottom opening of the submerged nozzle. The at least one lateral opening may be directed toward a respective at least one wall of the continuous casting mold and the at least one bottom opening may be directed in a casting direction. During a start-up phase of the continuous casting process, a higher ratio of flow rates of molten metal through the at least one lateral opening to the molten metal flowing through the at least one bottom opening may be maintained than the ratio of the flow rates during a subsequent normal operation phase of the submerged nozzle.

Abstract: The nozzle includes a chimney whose upper end is connected to the output nozzle of a vessel containing liquid metal and whose lower end is connected to a terminal part of the nozzle provided with outlets for distributing liquid metal into the casting space defined by the mold. The terminal part includes, in its upper region, at least one opening for allowing the reheating of the inside of the terminal part by a burner. The nozzle is particularly adapted for use with a bottomless mold having intensively internally cooled walls, and is preferably made of a refractory material.

Abstract: A flow control device for a solder wave apparatus that includes an outlet or nozzle from which molten solder flows in an upward direction to contact the lower surface of a target, such as a circuit board. The flow control device provides a screen and baffle that control the flow pattern of molten solder to the nozzle so as to result in a near-parallel solder wave above the nozzle. The screen includes a pair of spaced-apart parallel panels that are disposed upstream of the nozzle. Each of the panels has apertures through which the molten solder flows before entering the nozzle. The apertures of the panels are offset from each other, such that none of the apertures are coaxial but instead overlap each other when superimposed. The baffle is disposed further upstream of the screen, and includes a number of fins disposed substantially perpendicular to the panels. The fins are arranged such that their lengths become progressively shorter in a direction away from the center of the baffle.

Abstract: A submerged entry nozzle for flowing liquid metal therethrough includes a vertically disposed entrance pipe section having a generally axial symmetry and a first cross-sectional flow area. A transition area having the first cross-sectional flow area with two or more front walls and two or more side walls reduces the thickness of the first cross-sectional area by providing a convergent angle of the front walls and increases the width of the first cross-sectional area by providing a divergent angle of the side walls thereby producing a second cross-sectional area of the transition area which is generally elongated and of planar symmetry. The flow of liquid metal from the transition area is divided into two streams angularly deflected from the vertical in opposite directions.

Abstract: A pouring spout to for delivering molten steel into a continuous casting mold with longitudinal and transverse sides, especially for casting thin slabs. The outer wall (12) of the pouring spout (10) is shaped in its longitudinal-side region (17) facing the longitudinal mold side (21) so that is has a substantially constant distance (d) relative to the longitudinal sides (21) of the mold, regardless of the immersion depth of the pouring spout into the melt in the continuous casting mold. In addition, the outer wall of the pouring spout, in its transverse-side regions (16) facing the transverse mold sides (22), has form elements that oppose a minimum resistance to the horizontal flow of the molten steel and the casting powder floating thereon.

Abstract: A device for controlling a flow of liquid steel from a ladle (1) to a continuous casting distributor (8). The device includes a frame connected to the ladle (1) and comprising a guide assembly; a plate (3) movable on the guide assembly for sealing the casting opening (2); an assembly for compressing said plate (3); and a jet nozzle tube (4) extending from the casting opening (2). The plate for sealing the casting opening (2) is a sealing plate (3) designed only to seal the casting opening (2); the jet nozzle tube (4) and a plate (34) together form a rigid assembly moving along the guide assembly to a position opposite the casting opening where it replaces the sealing plate (3) which is thus driven from this position; and a compression assembly holds the plate (34) of the plate/jet nozzle tube assembly (4, 34) in sealing contact with a fixed upper plate (30).

Abstract: The invention relates to a nozzle for introducing a liquid metal into a mold for continuous casting of metals, of the type comprising a tubular first part, one end of which is intended to be connected to a receptacle enclosing said liquid metal, and the other end of which opens into a hollow second part in which at least one portion of the internal space is oriented substantially perpendicularly to said tubular first part, said portion comprising at each of its ends at least one orifice intended to emerge into the casting space of said mold, which comprises an obstacle placed in the path of the liquid metal inside said tubular first part or in its extension, said obstacle consisting of at least one perforated component intended to divert the metal from its preferential trajectory inside the nozzle.

Abstract: The nozzle (10) preferably, but not only, for the production of blooms, billets and conventional, medium and thin slabs, which is suitable to cooperate with a feeder for liquid steel and to discharge that liquid steel into a mould, has a discharge outlet positioned below the meniscus (20). The discharge nozzle (10) includes a first upper intake pipe (11) defining a conduit having a dimension of its cross-section equal to (S) and a nominal diameter (D), the first upper intake pipe (11) being associated at its lower end with a second introduction pipe (12), this second introduction pipe (12) possessing a nominal dimension of its internal passage having a minimum cross-section of 5S in the event of production of blooms, billets or round bars and of 4S in the event of production of conventional, medium and thin slabs.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a tundish, a nozzle for receiving molten metal from the tundish and discharging molten metal into a mold of a caster and a plurality of tubes interposed between the tundish and the nozzle for transporting the molten metal from the tundish to the nozzle. The apparatus further includes a plurality of wear strips having a first end portion secured to the tundish and a second end portion secured to the nozzle. The wear strips secure the nozzle to the tundish, provide a tight secure fit of the tubes to the nozzle and protect the nozzle from wearing.

Abstract: A pouring tube in the ingot mold of a continuous casting plant for producing thin slabs is replaced by arranging an auxiliary plate (4) on guide rails (9) next to an insert plate (3) of a pouring tube (12) in its operative position (14). A replacement pouring tube (2) is placed next to the auxiliary plate (4) so that the plates (3, 4) form a perfectly planar surface with abutting edges.

Abstract: The invention concerns a component for the pouring of steel that has a body (2) of a refractory material containing carbon. It has a layer (10) that covers the body partially or completely and is capable of forming a surface layer (10a) that is oxidized and densified and is impermeable to gases when it is brought to a temperature above 1000.degree. C. The layer (10) is comprised of a refractory material containing sintering precursors chosen in the group consisting of calcined alumina, reactive calcined alumina, silica fumes and clays.

Abstract: A submerged nozzle changing apparatus comprises: a slide valve device (32) for controlling the rate of discharge of a molten metal from a molten metal container (30) a nozzle holding cylinder actuator (42) supported in a vertical position under the slide valve device; and a guide arm unit (44) supported on the piston rod (43) of the nozzle holding cylinder actuator in a horizontal position. The guide arm unit (44) has a pair of parallel guide rails (45) provided in their inner surfaces facing each other with guide grooves (46) having open opposite ends and a length long enough to hold at least three nozzle cases (48) fitted on the upper parts of submerged nozzles (47). A new submerged nozzle is supported on the guide arm unit with portions of a nozzle case fitted on the upper part thereof engaged in the guide grooves of the pair of guide rails and is moved to a nozzle setting position by a nozzle changing cylinder actuator (56).

Abstract: A dense carbon free surface is provided on a carbon bonded refractory shape which is particularly useful as a pouring tube liner to prevent the formation and build-up of alumina particles which may cause blockage of the tube. The carbon free, dense layer is also hard and erosion resistant making it ideal for use in other applications such as stopper rod noses. The material comprises a refractory mix having a major component of refractory oxides such as alumina and zirconia-mullite. Less than 10 wt. % carbon in the form of graphite and binder is in the mix plus about 2-5 wt. % of a metal such as silicon and an effective mount of sintering aids is also present. The pressed shape is preheated to a temperature of 1000.degree. -1400.degree. C. in air to oxidize the exposed surface of the shape and then to sinter the oxidized surface to form the desired dense, carbon free surface over the entire shape or on selected surface portions thereof.

Abstract: Ingress of gas such as air through the joint of a pour tube and tube holder of a continuous caster is prevented or inhibited by passing an inert gas into a circumferential channel around the orifice and at the interface of the joint; the gas is evenly distributed within the channel over the entire configuration of a porous refractory insert in the circumferential channel; the porous refractory insert assures even distribution of the gas to the desired location in the joint.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for continuous casting of metal strip in which a layer of liquid parting agent, and any solid detritus contained therein, is completely removed from a casting surface of a rotating belt after contact with the metal, and in which a new layer of liquid parting agent is applied to the casting surface thereafter and prior to renewed contact with the molten metal. The removal of used parting agent and the application of fresh helps to present the formation of surface blemishes and defects on the cast metal strip product. Such blemishes and defects can also be minimized by using an injector having a flexible tip used to inject the molten metal onto the casting surface and preferably one or more spacers to create a gap between the tip and the casting surface itself. The spacer is preferably a screen of wire strands orientated to minimize disruption of the new layer of liquid parting agent applied to the casting surface.

Abstract: An immersed metallurgical pouring nozzle, such as a submerged entry nozzle for pouring molten steel, comprises a body of refractory material, such as graphite alumina, which defines a flow passage. An annular member of refractory material, such as zirconia with a very low or no-content of carbon, whose erosion resistance is higher than that of the body of the nozzle is wholly encapsulated in the material of the body of the nozzle.

Abstract: A refractory block for continuous casting is disclosed comprising a unitary assembly including a plate brick having a top, bottom, sides and a passageway therethrough; a gas permeable porous brick having a top, bottom, sides and a passageway therethrough, where the top of the porous brick is attached to the bottom of the plate brick, a gas pool for containing gas surrounds the sides of the porous brick, and a submerged nozzle having a top, bottom and sides, where the sides have shoulder portions, has the top of the submerged nozzle attached to the bottom of the porous brick. A metal casing surrounds the unitary assembly so that the metal casing surrounds and supports a portion of the sides of the plate brick, a portion of the bottom of the plate brick, the sides of porous brick, and a portion of the sides of the submerged nozzle, including the shoulder portions. The metal casing further includes gas feed and discharge pipes therethrough in communication with the gas pool.

Abstract: A nozzle for a caster defining a mold for casting molten metal into a metal product. The nozzle includes a mouthpiece portion for introducing the molten metal from the nozzle into the mold and further includes a baffle having a portion thereof disposed in the mouthpiece portion and a portion thereof extending into the mold. An associated method of casting a molten metal in a mold of a caster is also disclosed.

Abstract: The tube for introducing a metal melt into a continuous casting mold having broad side walls and narrow side or end walls includes a tube section provided with lateral openings for the metal melt whose central axes substantially are oriented towards the narrow sides of the strand being formed in the mold and a bottom portion provided with a bottom opening for the metal melt. In order to ensure, at high casting rates, both a slight vertical depth of penetration of the metal melt supplied through the casting tube into a liquid core of the strand and a slight whirl formation on the meniscus, the bottom portion includes at least two bottom openings oriented obliquely towards the narrow sides of the strand so as to form at least two casting jets whose flow directions cross each other in a viewing direction extending perpendicular to the wide sides of the strand.