Abstract: The invention relates to a refractory submerged pouring nozzle for the continuous casting of molten metals, especially molten steel, in a mould for thin slabs. The submerged pouring nozzle 2 is covered by a bottom plate 13 on its lower end face and has two opposing outflow orifices 11. While the edge of the bottom 13 forms a breakaway edge 11' for the molten metal, there adjoins the remaining edge of the especially archway-like outflow orifice 11 a roof-shaped guide element 15, the sideparts 15'0 of which have free edges 15" projecting from the outer edge of the upper part 15" of the guide element 15 and extending obliquely downwards to the lower breakaway edge 11'.

Abstract: A tube for continuous casting of molten metal is composed of a thin sheet-metal cladding and of an internal lining of heat-insulating material which is sinterable at the casting temperatures involved. The upper end of the casting tube is attached in air-tight manner to the discharge outlet of a first vessel for containing molten metal. The lower end of the casting tube dips into the molten metal of a second vessel located downstream with respect to the first vessel. In conjunction with the sheet-metal cladding, the casting tube comprises a tubular reinforcement member embedded within the lining material. The reinforcement member extends to the full depth of that portion of the casting tube which is in contact with the molten metal.

Abstract: A melt tube assembly comprising a melt delivery tube and a supporting and insulating shield providing mechanical protection to the melt tube tip and a thermal barrier between the flowing melt and the gas atomization nozzle and the gas jets issuing therefrom during confined gas atomization. In a preferred embodiment, the melt tube tip is a separate element, easily replaceable or interchangeable without removing the melt delivery tube from the crucible.

Abstract: A casting nozzle designed such that the sticking of nonmetallic impurities to the outlet of the nozzle is prevented by blowing out a gas. The casting nozzle comprises a nozzle proper, an annular hollow chamber for gas blowing formed in the axial direction of the nozzle proper, and annularly arranged reticulate small holes for gas blowing communicating with the annular hollow chamber, the small holes opening at the outlet of the nozzle. The reticulate small holes are formed when organic filaments wound round a portion of the inside wall of the nozzle proper carbonize, volatilize, or shrink upon heating.

Abstract: During ceramic casting for the production of a molten bath it is often observed that the fire-resistant material becomes eroded and/or solid oxide phases are deposited. Both phenomena interfere with the smooth outflow of the molten bath. The present invention is intended, therefore, to provide an outflow which is stable in shape even when a molten bath is passed through, especially in multiple-sequence casting. To this end, the invention provides for ceramic casting with an envelope (10, 14) which is at least partly external and an internal insert (11, 14, 53) at a distance from the envelope (10, 14), the insert ( b 11, 14, 53) and envelope being connected together.

Abstract: A self-adjusting refractory joint which finds principle utility in teeming valves in which a pair of overlapping collars are provided on a plate and on the pour tube, the collar on the plate extending downwardly in surrounding relationship to the teeming orifice, and the collar on the pour tube extending from its upper portion in overlapping interfering relationship with the collar on the plate. Ideally the tangent of the angle (theta) of undercut between the respective collars where they overlap is the ratio of the height of the collar of the inner member divided by the radius of the outside diameter (O.D.). In the precast environment, an independent preformed retainer is used to define the extension from the bottom of the plate. In both instances a holder surrounds the extension from the bottom of the plate to essentially the bottom of the plate collar forming member.

Abstract: A refractory immersion tube has an inner passage through which passes molten metal from a metallurgical vessel into a mold and includes an inlet opening for receiving the molten metal and at least one outlet opening extending from the passage for discharging the molten metal into the mold. A refractory annular member is positioned within the passage to restrict the cross-sectional area thereof, thereby to prevent the flow of the molten metal from the outlet opening from being turbulent and for ensuring that such flow is laminar.

Abstract: A sliding closure unit for controlling the discharge of molten metal from a metallurgical vessel includes a stationary refractory plate, a stationary housing assembly for mounting the stationary refractory plate on the metallurgical vessel, a movable refractory plate, the stationary and movable refractory plates having complementary, abutting relative sliding surfaces, and a movable frame mounting the movable refractory plate for movement with respect to the stationary refractory plate. The movable frame and movable refractory plate are urged toward the stationary refractory plate by levers mounted in the housing assembly for pivotal movement about axles fixed to the housing assembly and extending transverse to the direction of movement of the movable frame and movable refractory plate. Springs are mounted in the housing assembly to urge the levers to pivot about the respective axles toward the movable frame to thereby urge the movable frame and movable refractory plate toward the stationary refractory plate.

Abstract: A discharge structure includes a refractory plate, a mounting frame supporting the refractory plate, an exchangeable refractory nozzle, a mounting sleeve surrounding and supporting the nozzle, a lock between the sleeve and frame for locking the sleeve and the nozzle to the frame in a position with an inner end face of the nozzle urged toward a confronting surface of the refractory plate, and a refractory joint forming a seal between the end face and surface. An abutment extends from the frame and abuts an inner end of the nozzle, thus forming an axial support for the nozzle upon the lock urging the nozzle toward the plate, thus ensuring spacing between the end face and the surface by a predetermined distance and the resultant formation of the joint at a predetermined thickness.

Abstract: Silica powder is added to a primary mixture consisting of alumina powder and graphite powder, and is mixed therewith. A binder is added to the resultant secondary mixture and is well mixed therewith. The mixture thus obtained is granulated. The granulated product is placed in a rubber mold, and pressure is applied uniformly thereto to mold it. The molded product is fired but not sintered at a temperature between 850.degree. and 950.degree. C., preferably 900.degree. C., which allows unreacted alumina and silica to remain in the final fired-product. Thus, a nozzle consisting of a fired body having a cavity volume index (the sum of the volume of open and closed pores/the volume of the fired body) of 0.15-0.25 including 6-60% of closed pores therein is manufactured.

Abstract: A submerged continuous casting nozzle consists of a tubular element having an axial passage terminating in an end part having terminal conduits extending laterally and downwardly from the vertical axis of the nozzle. The lower end of each of these terminal discharge conduits has a lip protruding toward the axis of the associated conduit, this lip having a height between 0.3 and 0.6 times the diameter of the outflow port. The lip makes an angle of about 90.degree. with the axis of the associated terminal conduit.

Abstract: A refractory conduit assembly for the transfer of molten steel from a discharge vessel to an ingot mold of a horizontal continuous casting plant includes a replaceable spout member adapted to be removably connected at a predetermined location to the refractory lining of a vessel. The spout member has therethrough a discharge channel to receive from the interior of the vessel a flow of molten steel. A shut off device is provided to interrupt the flow to the discharge channel. A casting tube has therethrough a flow passage with inlet and outlet ends. A coupling device connects the inlet end of the flow passage to the discharge channel, such that the flow of molten metal passes through the casting tube. The outlet end of the flow passage has an altered cross-sectional configuration adapted to that of the ingot mold. A nozzle has an inlet end connected to the casting tube and an outlet end having thereat a portion to sealingly contact walls of the ingot mold.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sliding gate valve and clamp mechanism which permits the utilization of bandless refractory for the top plate, sliding gate, and the attachment of a replaceable collector to the sliding gate. The refractory is formed with curvilinear side edges tapered centrally toward the inter face portion between the top plate and sliding gate plate. Curvilinear edges are employed on both the stationary plate and the sliding gate, and desirably both have an identical exterior configuration, but optionally differ in the central portion where the well block nozzle is engaged by the stationary plate and where the collector is engaged by the sliding gate plate. Optionally a secondary sealing ring is employed to form a seal between the lower well nozzle and the top plate in a zero clearance environment. Also desirably the top plate and sliding gate plate may both be ground on both faces to provide parallelism and planarity of the refractory faces.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for manufacturing a burr-free thin metal band by jetting molten magnetic metal from a nozzle onto a rotating cooling roll or a running cooling belt to permit it to be solidified. During the manufacture of such burr-free metal band, the width of a metal band to be obtained is also varied by swinging the nozzle within a predetermined angle range with respect to the direction of the width of the rotating cooling roll or the running cooling belt, or by varying the nozzle's opening length with respect to the direction of the width of the cooling roll or the cooling belt. According to this method it is possible to obtain a thin metal band having a central section with a uniform width, and first and second sections having a gradually narrowing width.

Abstract: The present invention provides a refractory tube through which a stream of molten metal is passed during continuous casting which includes an inner refractory member of relatively low thermal expansion and thermal conductivity characteristics and an outer refractory member of high erosion resistance. The cooperation of the inner and outer refractory members results in an end product with a prolonged useful casting life and which does not require preheating prior to use. In a preferred embodiment, the inner refractory member is formed of fused silica and the outer refractory member is formed of alumina graphite and/or zirconia graphite.

Abstract: A casting nozzle (1) at metallurgical processes, through which nozzle a metal bath is intended to flow out, where gas, such as argon or nitrogen gas or a mixture of gas and powderous material, is intended by means of an injection lance or the like to be injected into the bath in connection to the nozzle.The casting nozzle according to the invention is especially characterized, in that the through hole (2) of the nozzle (1) has substantially conic shape, with a cross-sectional area increasing in the intended flow direction.

Abstract: A closure mechanism includes a conical discharge nozzle and a shielding tube fitted over the exterior of the discharge nozzle. A snug conical joint is formed by closely complementary conical surfaces of the discharge nozzle and the shielding tube. At least one ring-shaped seal is provided in such joint to prevent exterior air from entering between the discharge nozzle and the shielding tube into the interior of the shielding tube. The ring-shaped seal comprises an annular recess formed in one of the conical surfaces, thereby defining an annular chamber, and an inert gas filling such chamber.

Abstract: An improved roll caster tip apparatus is disclosed comprising a molten metal reservoir comprising a sidewall terminating in a bottom plate and a nozzle tip member attached to the sidewall having a top wall, a bottom wall and a pair of side riser members between the top wall and the bottom wall forming a passageway terminating in an exit port for molten metal to flow from the reservoir to a pair of rollers, an opening is provided in the reservoir sidewall extending along the entire width of the nozzle tip member, and a baffle member is mounted in the reservoir extending across the entire width of the sidewall opening to provide a uniform friction for the molten metal flowing from the reservoir into the nozzle tip member whereby metal flowing into the nozzle tip member from the reservoir will have a uniform entrance velocity across the entire width of the nozzle.

Abstract: In order to be able to manipulate a feeding device with which molten steel is introduced into a twin-belt caster without ingress of air in preparation for the casting process and to carefully align the feeding device and the caster to the required extent, the feeding device includes a pouring body which is mounted in its own carriage so as to be rotatable about a horizontal pivot axis, and a separately movable tundish which is connected with the pouring body via a ball joint which forms the point of separation in that the ball socket of the ball joint and the ball pivot of the ball pivot are each respectively associated with either the tundish or the pouring body. The pouring body can be arrested in the manner of a rocker in different sloped positions and can be laterally displaced in a direction transverse to its longitudinal extent.

Abstract: A collector nozzle assembly for pouring molten metal is assembled from upper and lower nozzle portions to form a continuous nozzle. The abutting end surface of one nozzle portion is provided with a projection and the abutting end surface of the other nozzle portion is provided with a complementary groove with said projection received snugly by said groove and cemented thereinto. A metal housing is cemented around the exterior of said nozzle assembly with mortar which is heat set at a temperature no higher than 800.degree. F.

Abstract: An apparatus for shielding a stream of molten metal during teeming comprises a housing (106) and a ceramic ring (105). The ceramic ring (105) is made of compressible material and is tapered so that on insertion in the housing (106) it readily forms a seal with lips (107) and (113) which project inwardly from the outer wall (111) of the housing (106).

Abstract: A teeming ladle with at least one tapping hole (3) formed in the bottom of its body (1). According to the invention, a sleeve (4) is arranged around each tapping hole (3) substantially coaxially therewith. The sleeve (4) has one of its ends tightly connected with the ladle bottom and the other end immersed in the melt during casting. The diameter of the sleeve (4) is so many times larger than that of the tapping hole that after being immersed in the melt, a space is left in the sleeve interior filled with a gas medium under a pressure ranging from 0.02 to 1.0 time the pressure under which the melt is discharged from the ladle.

Abstract: In submerged teeming operations the extended pouring tube which receives molten metal from a vessel via a nozzle has gas admitted thereto for protecting it against molten metal attack. A union block is sandwiched between the nozzle and pouring tube, block being surrounded by a metal jacket spaced therefrom to form a gas manifold to be fed with gas via a gas supply pipe. Gas admitted to the manifold is ejected, around the lower end of the union block, by a surrounding annular orifice into the pouring tube and flows downwardly along the wall thereof as a protective gas film.

Abstract: A refractory immersion spout includes a spout member having an upper portion and a lower portion. The spout member has a pouring channel and outlet openings extending laterally from the pouring channel. A refractory sleeve covers the outer surface of at least a portion of the lower portion of the spout member. The spout member comprises an extrusion product resulting from the extrusion of a material including 30-75% alumina and 10-30% carbon, with the carbon being aligned longitudinally of the spout member as a result of the extrusion. The sleeve comprises an isostatically compressed member formed of a highly refractory material. The thickness of the lower portion of the spout member is less than the thickness of the upper portion of the spout member, such reduction in thickness resulting from a reduction of the outer size of the spout member. The sleeve is cemented onto the outer surface of the lower portion of the spout member by an alumina-rich refractory cement.

Abstract: The device comprises a plurality of superimposed sectional plates each of which is provided with aligned holes defining a plurality of ducts lying in side-by-side relation, each of the ducts containing a plurality of helically twisted vanes which are angularly displaced with respect to one another at angles of substantially 90.degree..

Abstract: Apparatus is described for attaching a shroud tube to the pour nozzle of a sliding gate valve, or the like, from a remote position. The apparatus is also effective to impart compound movement to the shroud tube for inserting the end of the tube into the opening in a tundish cover. Apparatus according to the invention is characterized by simplicity of design, low capital cost and ease of manipulation.

Abstract: A refractory teeming pipe for use at the outlet of a melt container includes a refractory inner pipe member adapted to be connected to the outlet of a melt container, and a refractory outer pipe member telescopically slidably mounted about the inner pipe member for axial movement relative thereto between an upper retracted position and a lower extended position. The inner and outer pipe members include respective outer metal jackets. An upper refractory seal is supported by the outer pipe member and grips against the inner pipe member.

Abstract: A clamp-on tube holder for use in teeming metal is disclosed having a slotted tube holder band and a toggle assembly which biases the slot for clamping the tube holder onto the nozzle of a ladle. Independently, a yoke is engaged with the tube holder, and a handle engaged with a socket on the toggle for remotely clamping the same. The method contemplates providing a toggle mechanism and clamp and a support yoke, with the support yoke pivotally secured to a fulcrum for manipulating the clamping mechanism and holding the same in place while the toggle is activated to clamp.

Abstract: The tundish is mounted on a frame which can be lifted in relation to a carriage. A holder for a casting pipe is either positioned on the frame to be lifted therewith or on the carriage to be controlled in synchronism with the frame lifting so that the pipe retains its position relative to the tundish.

Abstract: There is disclosed a continuous casting process in which contaminants from a metal melt are separated out by forcing the metal melt to undergo a rotating turbulent flow before it is cast. The desired rotating turbulent flow is achieved by disposing a suitable chamber, through which the melt flows, between the ladle and the mould.

Abstract: An apparatus for exchanging pouring tubes at a casting vessel having a closeable bottom pour opening of a continuous casting installation. Each pouring tube has an infeed end and an outfeed end for the molten metal, typically steel, flowing therethrough and into a throughflow vessel, such as a continuous casting mold or tundish. Guides serve to move each pouring tube from an approximately horizontal introduction or infeed position into a substantially vertical casting position. The guides are structured such that different paths of movement are provided for the infeed end and outfeed end of the pouring tube, and specifically, the infeed end of the pouring tube moves along an approximately horizontal path of movement and the outfeed end of the pouring tube moves along an approximately vertical path of movement, at least a portion of which vertical path of movement is located within the throughflow vessel.