Abstract: An atomizer spray plate is provided for discharging fuel oil. The spray plate has a cylindrical rear portion and a conical front portion. A frusto-conical whirl chamber extends from the rear portion to the front portion with a decreasing radius. The rear portion includes a number of whirl slots extending radially inward from an outboard region of the rear portion to the whirl chamber to provide the fuel oil with rotational energy. A discharge slot is provided in the front portion of the atomizer spray plate for receiving the fuel oil from the whirl chamber with the rotational energy. The discharge slot includes a cylindrical through-hole with a diameter d, and a transverse slot having a semi-circular cross-section with radius r. The discharge slot can be easily and economically fabricated with two shaping steps since there is no need to precisely set any particular non-right angle for walls of the discharge slot.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve includes: a valve seat provided at one end of a hollow valve main body and having an injection hole; a valve body separated/contacted from/with the valve seat to open/close the injection hole; and a swirler for surrounding the valve body to slidably support the valve body and for giving swirling to a fuel flowing into the injection hole, the swirler being produced by metal powder injection molding.

Abstract: A spray nozzle mountable on the outlet (3) of a fluid dispensing device for dividing a fluid into fine droplets. The nozzle includes a core (11) and an atomizer (2) together defining a vortex chamber (14, 24) communicating with the outside via a spray port (21) in the atomizer (2), and a number of vortex channels (15, 16) opening non-radially into the vortex chamber (14, 24). The atomizer (2) has an oblong shape with a longitudinal major axis lying in a horizontal plane. The vortex channels (15, 16) preferably communicate with the outlet (3) of the spray device via two symmetrical feed ducts (12, 13) extending on either side of the core (11) and lying in a horizontal plane.

Abstract: A fuel injection device directly injecting fuel into a cylinder is exposed to combustion flame and is heated to nearly 300.degree. C. Under such a temperature condition, deposits of carbonization-growing materials of the injected gasoline and a mixture of engine lubricant and the gasoline and soot produced from the deposits become attached onto the end portion of the fuel injection device. By preventing a change in the fuel injection characteristic with time by preventing of deposits and soot from attaching to the fuel injection device, an engine can be maintained in a normal combustion state for a long time. In order to attain this object, a cylindrical cover member with a bottom made of a high thermal conductive material is mechanically fixed to the end portion of the electromagnetic fuel injection valve through an insulator.

Abstract: A fuel injector has a swirl plate about a valve assembly, including a valve seat with an orifice and a valve pin. When the valve is opened, the fuel is swirled by the swirl plate for passage through the orifice. The orifice has a portion which is angled relative to the axis of the injector to provide a conical swirling spray pattern having a conical spray axis angularly related to the axis of the injector. In another form, the orifice is on-axis with the injector and receives a bent tube having an upstream on-axis portion and a downstream angled portion to direct the swirling conical spray at an included obtuse angle relative to the axis of the injector.

Abstract: A high pressure fuel injector has a swirl generator with a metering disk upstream of the valve seat. The disks function to redirect the axially flowing fuel through the injector into a tangential fuel flow. As the fuel moves past the needle valve and the valve seat, the narrow cross section imparts a higher velocity to the fuel to atomize the fuel. As the fuel leaves the swirl generator and is ejected from the injector, the fuel forms a hollow conical sheet containing atomized fuel.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve comprisesa valve unit 3 which includes a hollow valve body 9, a valve seat 11 provided at an end of the valve body and having an injection nozzle 10, a valve 12 movable in the valve body to come into contact with and separate from the valve seat 11 so that the injection nozzle 10 is opened and closed, anda swirler 13 which is arranged around the valve 12 to support the same in a slidable manner and which provides a swirling force to fuel flowing through the injection nozzle 10, wherein the swirler 13 has outer circumferential surface portions 19a which are in contact with an inner circumference of the valve body 9 to regulate the position with respect to the valve body 9; flow passage portions formed between adjacent outer circumferential surface portions 19a to define fuel passages for passing fuel in the axial direction, and swirling grooves 25 formed in the end surface which faces the valve seat 11 in the axial direction so as to be at an eccentric position with respect to the center

Abstract: A drill bit with a housing and roller cones has a high-speed fluid jet erosion system utilizing dual discharge, high-velocity, jet streams that is directed at the surface to be eroded. The jet streams are developed from a dual discharge nozzle adapted to form a first, swirling liquid jet and a second, axial liquid jet in combination therewith. When used in a shale-like formation, the bit includes a nozzle in a bowl area of the housing that sends a vortex shaped spray against the roller cones.

Abstract: An apparatus in which an atomizer is provided with two arrays of discharge holes adjacent and offset from each other.

Abstract: A laminated array of pressure swirl atomizers forms spray plate that produces a fine mist or spray of liquid. The atomizers may be arrayed in a custom manner that may be made application specific for greater efficiency. The spray plate is typically formed of a plurality of laminated plates. In a preferred embodiment, a plate adjacent to a fluid reservoir provides an array of aperture sets, each aperture set having two or three apertures that allow liquid to pass from the pressurized reservoir through the first layer. The second plate provides a corresponding array of swirlers, each swirler providing at least two swirl feed ports to tangentially project liquid into the swirl chambers contained in a third plate. A fourth plate provides a corresponding array of discharge apertures, which release the liquid in an atomized state.

Abstract: An airless spray paint gun having an improved swirl valve which is less susceptible to erosion and reduces the amount of sputtering in the paint spray. The spray paint gun includes a gun assembly including a handle, a motor, and a switch for controlling the motor. A pump subassembly mounted to the gun assembly includes a pumping chamber having a discharge end with a beveled seat, a piston mounted within a pump housing and driven by the motor for pumping paint from the container through the discharge end of the pumping chamber, and a swirl valve mounted within the discharge end of the pumping housing.

Abstract: The dual-fuel nozzle includes a liquid fuel nozzle surrounded by an air/gas premixing cup. The cup has a base comprised of swirler vanes surrounding the outer tube of the liquid fuel nozzle. The tip of the liquid fuel nozzle extends to adjacent the open end of the premixing cup opposite the swirler vanes. The interior surface and outer surface of the premix cup and the tip of the liquid fuel nozzle, respectively, at the outer end of the cup are contoured, i.e., tapered complementarily inwardly to avoid recirculation of air in the annulus between the liquid fuel nozzle and the cup. Air recirculation is also prevented, thereby inhibiting flame holding adjacent the base of the cup by providing a smooth transition for air flow through the openings of the swirler at the base of the cup and into the annulus.

Abstract: An apparatus and process in which an atomizer is provided with an array of discharge holes located a distance from the atomizer whirling chamber greater than 400/512 times the radius of the whirling chamber.

Abstract: A discharge apparatus (1 or 41) for media to be atomized in ultrafine form has a discharge nozzle (3) with a sponge-like medium receiver (10), into which issue on the one hand a functionally closed source unit (50) for the medium and on the other a conveying or delivery device (11) for compressed air, so that by a control mechanism (40) initially a drop of medium spreads out in capillary manner in the receiver (10), after which by random actuation an air pressure surge flows through the receiver (10) towards the medium outlet (4). The medium is discharged from the medium receiver (10) in an already finely divided state, whirled up and once again is finely atomized in the vicinity of an impact atomizer (30) until it passes into the open with a minimum droplet size of max. 2 .mu.m.

Abstract: There is disclosed the combination of an airless spray head for spraying liquids under high pressure in which an orifice tip holder is positioned in the spray head to locate the orifice tip in a longitudinal through passage of the spray head body and a comminuter mechanism having a turbine mounted within a comminuter casing with a liquid flow header to direct the liquid flow across the turbine blades, causing rotation of the turbine wheel and a coaxially mounted comminuting member to comminute solids in the liquid being sprayed prior to discharge of the liquid to the orifice tip. In the preferred embodiment the comminuting member is a axially fluted cylinder mounted in a cylindrical comminuting chamber.

Abstract: A centerbody for a tangential entry nozzle having a longitudinal axis and a radially outer surface including a frustum portion defining the outer surface of a frustum that is coaxial with the longitudinal axis and flares toward the frustum base thereof, and a curved portion which is integral with the frustum portion and preferably defines a portion of the surface generated by rotating a circle which is tangent to the frustum portion and has a center which lies radially outward thereof about the longitudinal axis. The centerbody has a base which includes at least one air supply port extending therethrough, and an internal passageway. The frustum portion tapers towards a discharge orifice of the internal passageway, and terminates at the plane in which the discharge orifice is located. A fuel-lance that is coaxial with the axis and extends through the base and terminates within the internal passageway provides fuel to the air flow in the centerbody.

Abstract: A low-flow stator (4), used upstream of a rotor (27) of a tank cleaning machine, includes a body (6) having a plurality of generally helical passageways (38) extending from a front surface (10) of the body to a rear surface (12) of the body. Each passageway has an entrance (40) and an exit (42), the exit being completely circumferentially offset from its corresponding entrance.

Abstract: A spray drying system having a whirl chamber nozzle with a bypass and for atomization of a liquid. The whirl chamber of the nozzle has a central discharge orifice, from which a ring-shaped bypass passage extends radially outwards. This ensures that substantially no air enters the bypass from the whirl chamber, while providing acceptably low flow growth values.

Abstract: A nozzle for spraying a fluid comprises an outlet duct (3, 4) opening out into a swirling chamber (5) in the center of an annular surface (10), the chamber being closed by an end wall (6) which is pierced by an outlet orifice (7) and which includes an inside face (6a) provided with swirling grooves (80. The swirling chamber (50 is partially filled by a core (9), the core leaving at least one lateral passage (11) empty, putting the swirling groove into communication with the outlet duct. The spray nozzle also includes a valve adapted to close the outlet duct.

Abstract: The construction of a nozzle head for a trigger sprayer apparatus and the constructions of several variant embodiments of fluid spinners that are assembled into the nozzle head facilitate the assembly of the spinners into the nozzle head with fluid swirl chambers of the spinners centered relative to a fluid discharge orifice of the nozzle head. The swirl chamber of each spinner assembly is surrounded by an annular wall and the end face of the annular wall engages against a flat orifice wall surrounding the sprayer discharge orifice thereby sealing the swirl chamber around the orifice. Tangential grooves through the annular wall provide the only path of fluid flow into the swirl chamber.

Abstract: A dispensing device which includes a container for liquid to be dispensed, an outlet nozzle including a device to break-up a flow of liquid under pressure into a spray, a piston for forcing liquid out of the container under pressure and through the nozzle, and a drive device for moving the piston a predetermined distance to dispense a predetermined quantity of liquid from the container. The drive device includes a dose selector for selecting the predetermined amount of liquid and a plunger for moving the piston, movement of the dose selector determining subsequent movement of the plunger. The device is particularly suited to nasal administration of liquid.

Abstract: An improved terminal orifice system is disclosed for a hand operated dispensing device for dispensing a product from a terminal orifice. The improved terminal orifice system comprises a spin chamber communicating with the terminal orifice with a plurality of feed channels providing communicating between the hand operated dispensing device and the spin chamber for spinning the product about an axis within the spin chamber prior to discharge from the terminal orifice. Each of the plurality of feed channels is tapered to control the flow rate of the product into the spin chamber.

Abstract: A collapsible pump chamber is provided which includes several functional elements of a pump device. For example, the collapsible pump chamber may be a bellows which includes a functional element of an outlet valve, a functional element of a biasing feature, and a functional element of a spin chamber. Consequently, a functional element of all of the downstream functions are incorporated into the bellows. This can significantly reduce costs due to reduced tooling and assembly, for example. In contrast, there are no upstream components incorporated into the bellows which enables the upstream or inlet end of the bellows to be wide open. This wide open upstream end of the bellows makes molding easier.

Abstract: A gas projection apparatus for disabling the engine of an automobile being ursued by, for example, a police cruiser. The gas projection apparatus comprises a housing having a charging chamber which receives carbon dioxide gas under pressure from an external source of supply. The charging chamber is partially sealed by a blast valve which is attached to a movable shaft centrally located within the housing. There is also attached to the movable shaft a diaphragm which is positioned in a rear chamber of the housing adjacent the charging chamber. Carbon dioxides from the charging chamber is supplied to the rear chamber exerting a force on the diaphragm. When the force exerted by carbon dioxide gas on the diaphragm exceeds a predetermined pressure level, the diaphragm moves the shaft unseating the blast valve which the pressurized carbon dioxide gas to enter a wave shaping chamber within the housing.

Abstract: Apparatus for dispersing a fluent material such as a liquid includes a device for discharging a stream of the fluent material and a device for providing energetic electrons such that the electrons impinge on the fluent material to provide a net negative charge on the fluent material in the discharged stream. The fluent material discharged is dispersed at least partially under the influence of the net negative charge so imparted. The electron-supply device includes a chamber separated from the fluid passageway by an electron-permeable membrane, and may also include an electron gun for generating a beam of energetic electrons such that the electron beam passes through the window and impinges on the fluent material. The electrons may impinge on the fluent material as the fluent material is discharged from the device so that the fluid flow carries the charged portions of the fluent material away from the device. The apparatus may be used to atomize liquids even where the liquids are electrically conductive.

Abstract: An electromagnetically operated fuel injection valve has a valve housing, a valve seat body having a valve seat and a guide cylinder, a valve closing element projecting in the guide cylinder and supporting a ball type valve closing body around which fuel can flow through spiral flutes in which the valve closing element releases or interrupts a fuel flow by sitting on or lifting off the valve seat. The valve seat body in addition to the guide cylinder and the valve seat, also contains at least one outlet orifice. The valve seat body is provided with an all-round spiral flute between the guide cylinder and the valve seat.

Abstract: An improved fuel injector for an internal combustion engine generating very fine atomization of fuel even at the initiation of a valve opening event and including a cylindrical valve element terminating in a semi-spherical end portion which engages a valve seat to close the injector. The fuel quantity is controlled by maintaining the valve in an opened operative positions for a predetermined variable period of time. Fuel atomization in the form of very small particles is generated by providing an annular chamber upstream of the valve seat, this annular chamber being very narrow and short as to form an insignificant volume of fuel even when the valve is closed and the fuel motionless.

Abstract: A high pressure fuel injector having high pressure fuel admission passages and low pressure fuel return passages with a needle valve hydraulically operated by high pressure fuel from the high pressure fuel admission passage by a distributor valve which selectively directs a hydraulic pressure fuel against one side or the other of a piston body forming part of the needle valve whereby the needle valve is urged to a position closing discharge orifices or position opening discharge orifices the distributor valve being controlled by an electronic actuator.

Abstract: In a fuel injector, a swirl generator operates to impart a tangential or swirl component to the fuel as it is expelled from the injector. The mass of the swirl generator is minimized so as to maximize the actuating speed of the injector. The swirl generator develops a pressure drop across the generator during the time the fuel is expelled which pressure drop aids in enhancing the closure time of the injector. The swirl generator provides damping to the needle valve upon both opening and closing. The swirl generator minimizes the volume of residual fuel remaining in the injector.

Abstract: Apparatus for collecting, segmenting and conveying metal chips from machining operations utilizes a compressed gas driven vortex nozzle for receiving the chip and twisting it to cause the chip to segment through the application of torsional forces to the chip. The vortex nozzle is open ended and generally tubular in shape with a converging inlet end, a constant diameter throat section and a diverging exhaust end. Compressed gas is discharged through angled vortex ports in the nozzle throat section to create vortex flow in the nozzle and through an annular inlet at the entrance to the converging inlet end to create suction at the nozzle inlet and cause ambient air to enter the nozzle. The vortex flow in the nozzle causes the metal chip to segment and the segments thus formed to pass out of the discharge end of the nozzle where they are collected, cleaned and compacted as needed.

Abstract: A novel fuel injection valve including an armature which has a through bore, which communicates with a blind bore formed concentrically with a longitudinal valve axis in a ball serving as the valve closing body, and at least one transverse conduit begins at this blind bore and extends to an outer surface of the ball. The fuel reaches the valve seat through the through bore, the blind bore and the at least one transverse conduit. This results in an especially compact embodiment of the fuel injection valve according to the invention. The fuel injection valve is especially well-suited to fuel injection systems of mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: A hot air pulse generator, particularly for use as a hair dryer, includes a housing enclosing an electric heater and air blower for generating a continuous flow of heated air through a passageway leading to a nozzle. A gently curved baffle arranged across the passageway upstream of the nozzle cuts off 50-75% of the cross section of the passageway and converges the heated air as a high speed air stream toward one side of the passageway. A butterfly valve freely rotatable through 360.degree. on a spindle disposed at an acute angle is located between the baffle and nozzle in the path of the air stream and is continuously rotated by the air flow to effect an intermittent pulsed air output flow through the nozzle.

Abstract: A spray nozzle has a swirl chamber and delivery passage with its downstream end divergent. The downstream end is substantially conical with a cone angle in the range 10 degree to 30 degree and terminates with a sharply angled transition intothe forward face of the nozzle.

Abstract: Apparatus for dispersing a fluent material such as a liquid includes a device for discharging a stream of the fluent material and a device for providing energetic electrons such that the electrons impinge on the fluent material to provide a net negative charge on the fluent material in the discharged stream. The fluent material discharged is dispersed at least partially under the influence of the net negative charge so imparted. The electron-supply device includes a chamber separated from the fluid passageway by an electron-permeable membrane, and may also include an electron gun for generating a beam of energetic electrons such that the electron beam passes through the window and impinges on the fluent material. The electrons may impinge on the fluent material as the fluent material is discharged from the device so that the fluid flow carries the charged portions of the fluent material away from the device. The apparatus may be used to atomize liquids even where the liquids are electrically conductive.

Abstract: A whirl nozzle for atomizing a liquid has a whirl chamber rising above a whirl chamber bottom and tapering toward a nozzle outlet orifice opposite the bottom, at least one whirl channel laterally offset to a central axis of the whirl chamber and opening into the latter, and a whirl parameter of greater than 1, so as to permit an increase in the whirl input pulse at constant or reduced whirl losses. A displacement element rises above the whirl chamber bottom to prevent the formation of an air core in the region of the floor. The element is arranged concentrically about the central axis and the external diameter of the section nearer the floor is equal to at least one diameter of the nozzle outlet orifice. In one embodiment, the conical seating surface has a smaller apex angle than a section of the whirl chamber wall adjoining the nozzle outlet orifice. In another embodiment, the displacement element is provided with at least one eccentrically arranged reflux bore.

Abstract: A system and process for metering the delivery of liquids wherein the conductivity of the liquids is monitored at a metering device, such as a spray gun. Measurement of conductivity at the metering device provides continual measurement for fluctuations in conductivity and is useful for controlling liquid flow during sequential metering of different liquids.

Abstract: An injection nozzle for injecting extremely small quantities of a liquid medium, e.g., fuel, includes a nozzle body having a swirl space, a cover plate with an outlet opening, and a return duct arranged to the rear of the outlet opening. Injector bores connect the return duct directly to the swirl space and/or with a receiving chamber surrounding the swirl space.

Abstract: An aerosol metering valve with for use with a pressurized container includes a valve body 10 having a metering cup 8, a valve stem 21 having an outlet passage through which the contents of the metering cup 8 can be dispensed, a transfer passage 22 through which the contents of the metering chamber 31 can pass to the outlet passage, and a passageway including ports 35 and 37 through which contents of the container can pass to the metering chamber. A valve seal 6 is disposed between the valve body 10 and a container. A second valve seal 12 is retained between a cup 8 and the valve body. A ring member 38 is positioned coaxially with respect to the valve retaining member and is provided with castellating slots 40.

Abstract: A plate valve type electromagnetic fuel injection valve according to the present invention is directed to achieving excellent atomization of fuel. The electromagnetic fuel injection valve is characterized by the provision of a fuel rotating element for causing fuel to flow in a circle. In this way, the fuel is made to flow in a circle, and this accelerates atomization of the fuel.

Abstract: An injection valve for fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines which comprises a movable valve element cooperating with a valve seat disposed in a nozzle body, with a guide bore provided downstream of the valve seat. A swirl insert is partially compressed in the guide bore and disposes open swirl channels in the direction of its circumference. The swirl channels extend in an axial direction from one end of the swirl insert to the other, are slanted toward the longitudinal shaft of the injection valve and discharge in a tangential direction into a preparation bore. The swirl channels serve simultaneously as metering channels whose throttling length is adjustable by displacing the swirl insert inside the guide bore.

Abstract: A spray desuperheater maintaining a desired homogeneous spray pattern throughout the full range of operation, including relatively low rates of flow. Water flows to a spray orifice through a variable-geometry control which constricts at flow rates below the minimum flow required to maintain pressure control across the spray nozzle. This constricted flow increases the velocity of the water tangentially entering a spin chamber leading to the spray nozzle. The increased velocity of water at the lower rates of flow, combined with the spin imparted to the water, maintains the desired homogeneous spray pattern at the lower flow rates. The variable geometry control is fully open at flow rates sufficient to sustain pressure control at the spray nozzle, and a fixed-geometry control adjusts a higher range of flow rates.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve and a method for adjusting its fuel quantity are proposed. The fuel injection valve is used to inject fuel into the intake system of a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine having externally supplied ignition. It has a valve needle, which when a magnet coil is excited is attracted toward a core by an armature connected to the valve needle, whereupon the valve needle with a sealing seat formed on it, lifts away from a valve seat face embodied on a nozzle body. According to the invention, the nozzle body is closed off by a bottom embodied in the form of a small plate, which is part of the nozzle body and in which a plurality of calibrated injection ports are located. The closure of the valve needle is embodied by a tang, which extends as far as the immediate vicinity of the bottom. The injection ports are produced by erosion thereof, while their calibration for the sake of static fuel quantity adaptation is performed by hydraulic grinding with a flowable grinding medium.

Abstract: A very-wide-angle nozzle unit for spraying water on a vehicle head lamp, comprising a short cylindrical member with a water ejection port at a top thereof. The port has curved upper parts and a water outing vane protrudes downwardly into the port. The cylindrical member is supported by a spherical member fitted in a nozzle unit case.

Abstract: A high pressure vortex fuel injector comprising a hollow housing or body including a plurality of passages at least one of which is adapted to receive fuel through an inlet. The injector also includes a passage for guiding the piston into seating relationship with the valve seat to control the flow of fuel through the metering orifice and a solonoid assembly for moving the piston relative to the valve seat. The injector further includes a swirl or vortex chamber, to angularly accelerate the fuel, formed in cooperation with the first surface of the valve seat. The injector additionally includes passages for permitting fuel to circulate about an electric coil thereof, thereby cooling same during instances when the metering orifice is closed. The injector further includes passages within the swirl chamber for assisting in the rapid formation of a conical spray pattern upon the opening of the metering orifice.

Abstract: An injection valve for fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines which comprises a movable valve element cooperating with a valve seat disposed in a nozzle body, with a guide bore provided downstream of the valve seat. A swirl insert is partially compressed in the guide bore and disposes open swirl channels in the direction of its circumference. The swirl channels extend in an axial direction from one end of the swirl insert to the other, are slanted toward the longitudinal shaft of the injection valve and discharge in a tangential direction into a preparation bore. The swirl channels serve simultaneously as metering channels whose throttling length is adjustable by displacing the swirl insert inside the guide bore.

Abstract: A gas nozzle for a dryer apparatus for use with moving webs includes a planar pressure plate with an upstream end portion and a downstream terminus portion and a gas discharge nozzle disposed at the upstream portion of the pressure plate to define a slot for gas flow parallel to the pressure plate. The nozzle includes a first jet forming plate which engages the upstream end portion of the pressure plate and at obtuse angle and which includes a vortex forming step. The nozzle also includes a second jet forming plate located a distance from the first jet forming plate. The two jet forming plates and the step define a passageway for gas flow parallel to the pressure plate.

Abstract: A gas turbulator (21) is used in burners (20) of different kinds to obtain better combustion. The turbulator is placed in a chamber or passageway (10) for hot combustion gases. The turbulator fills the passageway forcing the gases to pass a double-wall it including a first membrane wall (22) with radial slits (24) and another membrane wall (23) with a central exhaust opening (26). The slits (24) have oblique wings (25) at least along one edge, which causes the gases to mix intensively within the space between the membrane walls (22,23). These are, during burning, maintained at a high temperature, which guarantees an efficient final combustion.

Abstract: A nozzle for an architectural fountain which has fixed deflector surfaces that produce a plume divided into well-aerated drops of substantial size.

Abstract: Uniform flow of gas flowing in a cylinder having inner diameter larger than that of a pipeline is introduced through a funnelform reducer into the inlet of the pipeline, where uniform flow of gas turned to a spiral gas stream by bringing to the mean gas stream velocity faster than 20 meter per second there. When solid particles are introduced into the spiral gas strem zone, they are transported to the outlet of the pipeline. A compressed gas layer is formed along the inside wall of the pipeline by the spiral motion of gas stream, and the layer prevents the direct contact of the solid particles to the inside wall of the pipeline which causes the erosion of the pipeline. As the center part of the cross section of the pipeline becomes very low pressure, especially along the axis of the pipeline, solid particles containing or accompanying volatile matters are desiccated or concentrated as a result of the evaporation of volatile matters while being transported in the pipeline.

Abstract: In an eddy current brake for controlling quantitative flow in a water line and with a brake housing in the shape of lying frustum of a cone with an outlet opening in the narrow end and an inlet opening downwardly on the large end face there is disposed a guide vane opposite the inlet opening within the housing, said guide vane being rotatable about the axis of the housing by means of an exterior adjustment lever between a position in which it closes the inlet, and a position in which it is disposed completely outside the inlet region and thus allows free flow. In intermediate positions the guide vane deflects the in flowing stream of water toward the frusto-conical wall so that the water, when the pressure head exceeds a certain valve, is caused to rotate about the axis of the housing to produce the desired brake effect. This effect can be varied by adjustment of the guide vane. Its deflecting effect permits the inlet spout and outlet spout of the brake housing to be disposed in elongation of each other.