Abstract: The disclosure provides multi-functional cathode particulates for a lithium battery, wherein at least one of the particulates has a diameter from 100 nm to 50 ?m and comprises a conducting polymer network composite comprising one or a plurality of primary particles of a cathode active material that are partially or fully encapsulated by, embedded in, dispersed in, or bonded by an electrically and ionically conducting network of cross-linked polymer chains having a lithium ion conductivity from 10?8 to 5×10?2 S/cm and an electron conductivity from 10?8 to 103 S/cm, wherein the primary particles have a diameter or thickness from 0.5 nm to 20 ?m. Also provided is a method of producing such cathode particulates.

Abstract: An apparatus and method perform supersonic cold-spraying to deposit N and P-type thermoelectric semiconductor, and other polycrystalline materials on other materials of varying complex shapes. The process developed has been demonstrated for bismuth and antimony telluride formulations as well as Tetrahedrite type copper sulfosalt materials. Both thick and thin layer thermoelectric semiconductor material is deposited over small or large areas to flat and highly complex shaped surfaces and will therefore help create a far greater application set for thermoelectric generator (TEG) systems. This process when combined with other manufacturing processes allows the total additive manufacturing of complete thermoelectric generator based waste heat recovery systems. The processes also directly apply to both thermoelectric cooler (TEC) systems, thermopile devices, and other polycrystalline functional material applications.

Abstract: Provided are a negative active material, an anode and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and a method of preparing the negative active material. The negative active material includes a silicon alloy core including silicon, iron, and manganese, and a shell including a metal oxide on the silicon alloy core, the metal oxide including one or more of titanium, zirconium, aluminum, cobalt, or lithium. An amount of the metal oxide may be from greater than 0 wt % to less than about 12 wt % based on a total weight of the negative active material.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte solution and a lithium battery, the organic electrolyte solution including an organic solvent; a lithium salt; a first compound, the first compound being represented by Formula 1 or Formula 2; and a second compound, the second compound being a succinonitrile-based compound represented by Formula 3:

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a sodium ion battery includes a sodium complex oxide of the formula Na4(M1aM21?a)2O5 having an orthorhombic crystal structure, wherein M1 and M2 are each independently Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, V, or a combination there of provided that M1 and M2 are different from each other; and 0?a?1.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material includes silicon and a transition metal. At least 50 mole % of the transition metal is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of transition metal elements present in the electrochemically active material. An electrochemically active material includes silicon and carbon. At least 50 mole % of the carbon is present in its elemental state, based on the total number of moles of carbon present in the electrochemically active material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to positive electrode active material particles and a secondary battery including the same and provides positive electrode active material particles comprising: a core including a first lithium transition metal oxide; and a shell surrounding the core, wherein the shell has a form in which metal oxide particles are embedded in a second lithium transition metal oxide, and at least a part of the metal oxide particles is present by being exposed at a surface of the shell. The positive electrode active material particles according to the present invention prevent a transition metal and an electrolyte from causing a side reaction by exposing a part of a metal oxide, having low reactivity, at a surface of the active materials, thereby improving safety and lifespan. As the electrical conductivity of the active materials becomes lower, excellent stability can be maintained even at high temperature and in battery-breakdown situations.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to one mode of the present disclosure is provided with: a positive electrode including a positive-electrode active material layer; a negative electrode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive-electrode active material layer includes positive-electrode active material particles having a particle size distribution in which the difference (D90-D10) between a 90% diameter (D90) and a 10% diameter (D10) measured with a laser diffraction method is larger than 13 ?m. In addition, the positive-electrode active material layer is characterized in that, on an arbitrarily defined cross section thereof, the total area of positive-electrode active material particles A, each of which has a particle size not smaller than 15 ?m and has a particle area at least 0.8-fold the area of a circle circumscribing the positive-electrode active material particle, is 20% or larger with respect to the total area of the cross section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to porous films comprising (A) from 51 wt.-% to 99.9 wt.-% based on the total weight of the film of at least one porous metal-organic framework material, the material comprising at least one at least bidentate organic compound coordinated to at least one metal ion; (B) from 0.1 wt.-% to 49 wt.-% based on the total weight of the film of at least one fibrillated fluoropolymer; and (C) 0 wt.-% to 48.9 wt.-% based on the total weight of the film of an additive component. The invention further relates to a composition for preparing such a film and its use.

Abstract: Process for preparing a metal containing layer, the process comprising (i) at least one step of co-vaporization, at a pressure which is lower than 10?2 Pa, of a) at least one first metal selected from Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs and b) at least one second metal selected Mg, Zn, Hg, Cd and Te from a metal alloy provided in a first vaporization source which is heated to a temperature between 100° C. and 600° C., and (ii) at least one subsequent step of deposition of the first metal on a surface having a temperature which is below the temperature of the first vaporization source, wherein in step (i), the alloy is provided at least partly in form of a homogeneous phase comprising the first metal and the second metal, electronic devices comprising such materials and process for preparing the same.

Abstract: A positive active material is provided. The positive active material may include lithium, an additive metal, and at least one of nickel, cobalt, manganese, or aluminum. The additive metal may include an element different from nickel, cobalt, manganese, and aluminum. An average content of the additive metal may be less than 2 mol %.

Abstract: A composite including: at least one selected from a silicon oxide of the formula SiO2 and a silicon oxide of the formula SiOx wherein 0<x<2; and graphene, wherein the silicon oxide is disposed in a graphene matrix.

Abstract: The carbon nanotubes according to the present invention can provide higher conductivity by allowing the BET and crystal size to satisfy the conditions expressed by formula 1 below, and consequently, can improve the conductivity of a carbon composite material containing the carbon nanotubes. Lc×[Specific surface area of CNT (cm2/g)]1/2>80??[Formula 1] wherein, Lc is crystal size measured by X-ray diffraction.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing an electrode for a lithium ion secondary cell proposed herein includes: a step of pattern-coating a binder liquid 21d on a current collector 12 and forming a binder coat layer 16, and a step of supplying granulated particles 32 onto the binder coat layer 16. The binder coat layer 16 is intermittently formed on the current collector 12 so that band coated portions 16a and band uncoated portions 16b are alternatingly adjacent to each other. The width t1 of the coated portions 16a, the width t2 of the uncoated portions 16b, and the average particle diameter R of the granulated particles 32 satisfy the following relationships: 0.53R?t1?10R; 0.66R?t2?10R; and 0.2?t1/t2?3.75.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method suitable for manufacturing, in large amounts, an ionic conductor that is superior in terms of various properties such as ion conductivity. According to one embodiment of the present invention, provided is a method for manufacturing an ionic conductor, said method including: mixing, using a solvent, LiBH4 and a lithium halide represented by formula (1), LiX (1) (in formula (1), X represents one selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms); and removing the solvent at 60-280° C. Ionic conductors obtained with this manufacturing method can be used as, for example, solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries.

Abstract: To provide a cathode active material capable of obtaining a lithium ion secondary battery which has a high discharge capacity and of which a decrease of the discharge capacity when a charge and discharge cycle is repeatedly carried out is suppressed, a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery. A cathode active material comprising a lithium-containing composite oxide represented by the formula aLi(Li1/3Mn2/3)O2.(1?a)LiMO2 (wherein M is an element containing at least Ni and Mn, and 0<a<1), wherein in an X-ray diffraction pattern, the integral breadth of a peak of (110) plane assigned to a crystal structure with space group C2/m is at most 1.25 deg.

Abstract: A positive active material is provided. The positive active material may include lithium, an additive metal, and at least one of nickel, cobalt, manganese, or aluminum. The additive metal may include an element different from nickel, cobalt, manganese, and aluminum, and an average content of the additive metal may be less than 2 mol %.

Abstract: Disclosed is an all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery excellent in cycle characteristics. The battery may be an all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery, wherein an anode comprises anode active material particles, an electroconductive material and a solid electrolyte; wherein the anode active material particles comprise at least one active material selected from the group consisting of elemental silicon and SiO; and wherein, for the anode active material particles, a value A obtained by the following formula (1) is 6.1 or more and 54.8 or less: A=SBET×dmed×D??Formula (1) where SBET is a BET specific surface area (m2/g) of the anode active material particles; dmed is a median diameter D50 (?m) of the anode active material particles; and D is a density (g/cm3) of the anode active material particles.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium-selenium battery, comprising a cathode, an anode, and a porous separator/electrolyte assembly, wherein the anode comprises an anode active layer containing lithium or lithium alloy as an anode active material, and the cathode comprises a cathode active layer comprising a selenium-containing material, wherein an anode-protecting layer is disposed between the anode active layer and the separator/electrolyte and/or a cathode-protecting layer is disposed between the cathode active layer and the separator/electrolyte; the protecting layer contains a composite comprising from 0.01% to 50% by weight of a conductive reinforcement material dispersed in a sulfonated elastomeric matrix material and has a thickness from 1 nm to 100 ?m, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 500%, a lithium ion conductivity from 10?7 S/cm to 5×10?2 S/cm, and an electrical conductivity from 10?7 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

Abstract: The conductivity of a zinc negative electrode is enhanced through use of surfactant-coated carbon fibers. Carbon fibers, along with other active materials such as bismuth oxide, zinc etc., form an electronically conductive matrix in zinc negative electrodes. Zinc negative electrodes as described herein are particularly useful in nickel zinc secondary batteries.

Abstract: A connector includes a housing; and a fitting assurance member slidably attached to an outer side of the housing. The housing has a locking portion to be locked to the locked portion during a movement of the housing in a fitting direction to the counterpart housing. The fitting assurance member slides and moves relatively to the housing in the fitting direction from a temporary locking position to a formal locking position. The housing has an unlocking operation portion to apply unlocking force to the locking portion. The fitting assurance member has a pair of side walls on the outer side of the housing and a coupling portion connecting end portions of the pair of side walls. The coupling portion is located between the unlocking operation portion and the housing and separated from the unlocking operation portion.

Abstract: The MOF-derived porous carbon materials for carbon dioxide capture, more specifically comprising a method for preparing thereof and the porous carbon materials for the purpose of CO2 absorbent, wherein the porous carbon materials from zinc-containing three MOFs (MOF-5, MOF-177, and bioMOF-100) are synthesized by a simple pyrolysis and thereby the porous carbon materials have promising CO2 capture capacity and selectivity compared to parent of MOFs prior to pyrolysis, particularly, the CO2 capture capacity of the porous carbon materials is maintained under humid condition.

Abstract: A cathode active material includes a secondary particle including an aggregate of a plurality of primary particles, wherein the secondary particle includes a nickel-containing lithium transition metal oxide having a layered crystal structure, wherein the plurality of primary particles includes a first primary particle having a size greater than about 400 nanometers, a second primary particle having a size less than about 150 nanometers, and a third primary particle having a size of about 150 nanometers to about 400 nanometers, wherein the third primary particle has a area of greater than or equal to about 80% of a total area of the plurality of primary particles, and wherein the secondary particle has a porosity of less than or equal to about 10% of a total area of the cathode active material.

Abstract: Electrode materials for electrochemical cells and batteries and methods of producing such materials are disclosed herein. A method of preparing an active lithium metal oxide material suitable for use in an electrode for a lithium electrochemical cell comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the lithium metal oxide material with an aqueous acidic solution containing one or more metal cations; and (b) heating the so-contacted lithium metal oxide from step (a) to dryness at a temperature below 200° C. The metal cations in the aqueous acidic solution comprise one or more metal cations selected from the group consisting of an alkaline earth metal ion, a transition metal ion, and a main group metal ion.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrode active material having improved energy density and a lithium secondary battery including the same. More particularly, provided is an electrode active material including a first electrode active material and a second electrode active material, each of the first electrode active material and the second electrode active material having a composition represented by Formula (1) below, a ratio of lithium to metals in the first electrode active material being 1.4 to 1.7, and a ratio of lithium to metals in the second electrode active material being 1.2 or more and less than 1.4: (1?x)LiM?O2?yAy?xLi2MnO3?y?Ay???(1) wherein M? is MnaMb; M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Ti, Co, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, Cr, Zr, Zn and Period II transition metals; A is at least one selected from the group consisting of anions such as PO4, BO3, CO3, F and NO3; 0<x<1; 0<y?0.02; 0<y??0.02; 0.5?a?1.0; 0?b?0.5; and a+b=1.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polymeric composition for forming a lithium-ion or sodium-ion battery electrode or a supercapacitor electrode or for exhibiting magnetic properties, to such a polymeric composition obtained by means of this process, to a mixture which is a precursor of the composition, obtained by means of a first mixing step of the process, and to this electrode. The process for preparing this composition comprises: a) hot-mixing, via the melt process and without solvent, at least one active material, a binder-forming polymeric phase and a sacrificial polymeric phase so as to obtain a mixture, and b) at least partially eliminating said sacrificial polymeric phase so as to obtain said composition which comprises the active material(s) according to a weight fraction greater than 80%. The sacrificial phase is used in step a) according to a weight fraction in the mixture being greater than or equal to 15%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lithium complex oxide and method of manufacturing the same, more particularly, a lithium complex oxide effective in improving the characteristics of capacity, resistance, and lifetime with reduced residual lithium and with different interplanar distances of crystalline structure between a primary particle locating in a internal part of secondary particle and a primary particle locating on the surface part of the secondary particle, and a method of preparing the same.

Abstract: A composite including: silicon (Si); a silicon oxide of the formula SiOx, wherein 0<x<2; and a graphene disposed on the silicon oxide.

Abstract: A method for producing a positive electrode material for non-aqueous secondary batteries includes: performing a heat treatment on zirconium boride particles in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at a heat treatment temperature of not less than 220° C. and not more than 390° C., thereby obtaining heat-treated particles; and mixing the heat-treated particles with a positive electrode active material which contains a lithium transition metal complex oxide particles including at least one of cobalt and nickel in a composition thereof and having a layered structure, such that a content of the heat-treated particles relative to the lithium transition metal complex oxide particles is, as zirconium, not less than 0.25 mol % and not more than 2.2 mol %, thereby obtaining a positive electrode material for non-aqueous secondary batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing lithium-nickel-manganese-based transition metal oxide particles, the transition metal oxide particles which are obtained with the method, and the use thereof as electrode material. The present invention particularly relates to lithium-nickel-manganese-based transition metal oxide particles in over-lithiated form with high tamped density, a method for production thereof and use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries.

Abstract: A rechargeable alkali metal battery comprising: (a) an anode comprising an alkali metal layer and a dendrite penetration-resistant layer comprising an amorphous carbon or polymeric carbon matrix, an optional carbon or graphite reinforcement phase dispersed in this matrix, and a lithium- or sodium-containing species that are chemically bonded to the matrix and/or the optional carbon or graphite reinforcement to form an integral layer that prevents dendrite penetration, wherein the lithium- or sodium-containing species is selected from Li2CO3, Li2O, Li2C2O4, LiOH, LiX, ROCO2Li, HCOLi, ROLi, (ROCO2Li)2, (CH2OCO2Li)2, Li2S, LixSOy, Na2CO3, Na2O, Na2C2O4, NaOH, NaX, ROCO2Na, HCONa, RONa, (ROCO2Na)2, (CH2OCO2Na)2, Na2S, NaxSOy, or a combination thereof, wherein X?F, Cl, I, or Br, R=a hydrocarbon group, x=0-1, y=1-4; (b) a cathode; and (c) a separator and electrolyte component; wherein the dendrite penetration-resistant layer is disposed between the alkali metal layer and the separator.

Abstract: A crystalline precursor compound is described for manufacturing a lithium transition metal based oxide powder usable as an active positive electrode material in lithium-ion batteries, the precursor having a general formula Li1?a((Niz(Ni1/4 Mn1/4)y M?x)1?kAk)1+aO2, wherein x+y+z=1, 0<x?0.2, 0.55<z?0.90, M? is either one or both of Co and Al, A is a dopant, 0?k?0.1, and 0.05?a?0.40, wherein the precursor an integrated intensity ratio I003/I104<1, wherein I003 and I104 are the peak intensities of the Bragg peaks (003) and (104) of the XRD pattern of the crystalline precursor compound. Also a method is described for manufacturing a positive electrode material having a general formula Li1?aM1?a?O2, with M=(Niz(Ni1/2 Mn1/2)y M?x)1?k Ak), wherein x+y+z=1, 0<x?0.2, 0.55<z?0.90, M? is either one or both of Co and Al, A is a dopant, 0?k?0.1 and 0.01<a?<0.10 by sintering the crystalline precursor compound in an oxidizing CO2-free atmosphere at a temperature T between 750 and 950° C.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery with a high capacity retention rate, and a method for producing the lithium ion secondary battery. The lithium ion secondary battery may comprise a cathode including a cathode active material layer comprising a cathode active material and Li3PO4, an anode including an anode active material layer comprising an anode active material, and an electrolyte layer being disposed between the cathode and the anode and comprising a liquid electrolyte, wherein a C1s element ratio obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement of the Li3PO4 is 18.82 at % or less.

Abstract: An energy storage device comprising a cathode comprising: (i) an Fe source; (ii) at least one sulfur species and (iii) NaCl, wherein the mol percent of S is less than 10, based on the total moles of (i), (ii) and (iii).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, which comprises graphite having an alkali carbonate layer formed on a surface thereof, wherein the graphite has an ID/IG ratio of 0.05 to 0.3 in Raman spectroscopy, and a method of preparing the same, wherein, since the negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes the graphite having an alkali carbonate layer formed on the surface thereof, the alkali carbonate layer contributes to the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) to reduce a side reaction with an electrolyte solution including propylene carbonate. Thus, since low-temperature performance and initial efficiency of the lithium secondary battery may be improved, the negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention is suitable for the preparation of the lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure describe energy storage devices. In one example, an energy storage device includes an anode having a plurality of active material particles, a cathode having a transition metal oxide material, and an electrolyte including a room temperature ionic liquid to couple the anode to the cathode. Each of the plurality of anode active material particles have a particle size of between about one micrometer and about fifty micrometers. One or more of the plurality of anode active material particles are enclosed by and in contact with a membrane coating permeable to lithium ions.

Abstract: A lithium metal battery includes: a positive electrode, a negative electrode including lithium, a liquid electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a protective layer disposed on at least a portion of the negative electrode, wherein the protective layer includes a first polymer selected from at least one of a poly(vinyl alcohol) and a poly(vinyl alcohol) blend.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode for a secondary battery, comprising an electrode current collector and a lithium metal layer disposed on one surface of the electrode current collector, wherein a thickness difference between the thinnest portion and the thickest portion of the lithium metal layer is 1,000 pm or less, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a spherical or spherical-like lithium battery cathode material, a battery and preparation methods and applications thereof. The chemical formula of the cathode material is: LiaNixCoyMnzMbO2, wherein 1.0?a?1.2; 0.0<b?0.05; 0.30?x?0.90; 0.05?y?0.40; 0.05?z?0.50; x+y+z+b=1; M is one or two or more of Mg, Ti, Al, Zr, Y, Co, Mn, Ni, Ba and a rare earth element. A single ?-NaFeO2 type layered structure of the cathode material is shown by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern and full width at half maximum FWHM (110) of the (110) diffraction peak near a diffraction angle 2? of 64.9° is in the range of 0.073 to 0.

Abstract: A separator made of ion conductive ink is produced by additive manufacturing. A micro-battery is produced with the separator made of ion conductive ink located between the battery's anode and cathode. The separator functions to keep the anode and cathode apart and to facilitate the transport of ions to produce an operative micro-battery.

Abstract: A supercapacitor according to the present invention includes a negative carbon-comprising electrode which does not intercalate sodium, and a positive carbon-comprising electrode. An electrolyte composition comprises sodium hexafluorophosphate and a non-aqueous solvent comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The supercapacitor has an electrochemical voltage window of from +0.0 V to 3.5 V (full cell voltage). The electrolyte has an electrochemical voltage window of from +0.05 V to 3.9 V vs. Na/Na+. A method of making and a method of operating a supercapacitor is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is graphene-embraced particulate for use as a lithium-ion battery anode active material, wherein the particulate comprises primary particle(s) of an anode active material and multiple sheets of a first graphene material overlapped together to embrace or encapsulate the primary particle(s) and wherein a single or a plurality of graphene-encapsulated primary particles, along with an optional conductive additive, are further embraced or encapsulated by multiple sheets of a second graphene material, wherein the first graphene and the second graphene material is each in an amount from 0.01% to 20% by weight and the optional conductive additive is in an amount from 0% to 50% by weight, all based on the total weight of the particulate. Also provided are an anode and a battery comprising multiple graphene-embraced particulates.

Abstract: The present disclosure suppresses, by uniformly coating lithium transition metal composite oxide particles with LiwNbxOy (1?w?8, 1?x?13, 1?y?20), a direct contact between a positive electrode active material and a liquid electrolyte and thereby suppresses a side reaction between the positive electrode active material and the liquid electrolyte, and improves stability at high temperatures and high voltages, and in particular, is effective in enhancing battery performance by forming Li2O—Nb2O5 through reacting the coating layer with Li present on the surfaces of the lithium transition metal composite oxide particles.

Abstract: A hybrid protective coating includes an inorganic component and an organic component such that the inorganic component includes at least one of a metal oxide, a metal fluoride, or combination thereof, and the organic component includes at least one metalcone.

Abstract: A negative active material for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are provided. The negative active material may be a silicon (Si)-based alloy negative active material. In some embodiments, the Si-based alloy negative active material may include Si, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and aluminum (Al), and may have a Si single phase and a first alloy phase, the first alloy phase being represented by a formula of AlxCuy, where x<y. In some embodiments, the Si-based alloy negative active material may include Si, Fe, and Cu, and may include a Si single phase, a first alloy phase, and a second alloy phase, the first alloy phase being represented by a formula of Cu15Si4, and the second alloy phase being represented by a formula of Cu3Fe17.

Abstract: Dry process based energy storage device structures and methods for using a dry adhesive therein are disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for cycling a rechargeable alkali metal battery with high Coulombic efficiency (CE) are disclosed. A slow charge/rapid discharge protocol is used in conjunction with a concentrated electrolyte to achieve high CE in rechargeable lithium and sodium batteries, include anode-free batteries. In some examples, the CE is ?99.8%.

Abstract: Positive electrode active material particle powder includes lithium manganese oxide particle powder having Li and Mn as main components and a cubic spinel structure with an Fd-3m space group. The lithium manganese oxide particle powder is composed of secondary particles, which are aggregates of primary particles, an average particle diameter (D50) of the secondary particles being from 4 ?m to 20 ?m, and at least 80% of the primary particles exposed on surfaces of the secondary particles each have a polyhedral shape in which each (111) plane thereof is adjacent to at least one (100) plane thereof.

Abstract: A composite electrode active material includes: a core portion including a silicon-based alloy; and a shell portion disposed on the core portion and including a coating layer, wherein the coating layer includes an amorphous carbon material and a lithium titanium oxide. A lithium battery including the composite electrode active material and a method of manufacturing the composite electrode active material are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an energy storage device comprising a cathode region or other element. The device has a major active region comprising a plurality of first active regions spatially disposed within the cathode region. The major active region expands or contracts from a first volume to a second volume during a period of a charge and discharge. The device has a catholyte material spatially confined within a spatial region of the cathode region and spatially disposed within spatial regions not occupied by the first active regions. In an example, the catholyte material comprises a lithium, germanium, phosphorous, and sulfur (“LGPS”) containing material configured in a polycrystalline state. The device has an oxygen species configured within the LGPS containing material, the oxygen species having a ratio to the sulfur species of 1:2 and less to form a LGPSO material.