Abstract: A non-thermal, repetitively-pulsed gliding discharge reactor includes a high-voltage power source configured to provide a pulsed high-voltage potential; a gas inlet; a liquid sorbent inlet; a product outlet; a plurality of first electrodes connected to the high-voltage power source; a plurality of second electrodes that are grounded; and a trough; the plurality of first electrodes being separated from the plurality of second electrodes by a discharge region.

Abstract: A method that identifies the compounds contributing to a fish-like odor from an air conditioner and artificially reproduces the fish-like odor, and prepares a corresponding fish-like odor composition. Through the analysis method of the present invention, the compounds contributing to the fish-like odor from an air conditioner are identified and quantified. The fish-like odor is reproduced from a combination of the compounds identified by the analysis method of the present invention. The reproduced fish-like odor provides significant data required for development of an apparatus and a method for removing specific odor.

Abstract: A method that identifies the compounds contributing to a sweet odor from an air conditioner, reproduces the sweet odor, and prepares a corresponding sweet odor composition. Through the analysis method of the present invention, the compounds contributing to the sweet odor from an air conditioner are identified and quantified. The sweet odor is reproduced from a combination of the compounds identified by the analysis method of the present invention. The reproduced sweet odor provides significant data required for development of an apparatus and a method for removing specific odor.

Abstract: A method of generating syngas as a primary product from renewable feedstock, fossil fuels, or hazardous waste with the use of a cupola. The cupola operates selectably on inductive heat alone, chemically assisted heat, or plasma assisted heat. Additionally, the operation of the cupola is augmented by the use of direct acting carbon or graphite rods that carry electrical current for additional heat generation into the metal bath that is influenced by the inductive element. The method includes the steps of providing a cupola for containing a metal bath; and operating an inductive element to react with the metal bath. Feedstock in the form of a combination of fossil fuel, a hazardous waste, and a hazardous material is supplied to the cupola. A plasma torch operates on the metal bath selectably directly and indirectly. Steam, air, oxygen enriched air, and oxygen are supplied in selectable combinations.

Abstract: A method of producing a synthetic gas or a synthesis gas from a biosolid, such as dewatered sludge, that has a solids content that does not exceed 30 wt. %. The biomass having a solids content that does not exceed 30 wt. % is mixed with tar-rich materials and/or char particles, and optionally a bulking agent. The tar-rich materials and/or char particles may be a by-product of producing synthesis gas from a biomass such as refuse-derived fuels. The resulting mixture then is heated to provide a mixture having a solids content of at least 75 wt. %. The mixture having a solids content of at least 75 wt. % then is gasified under conditions to produce a synthetic gas rich in CO/CO2 or a synthesis gas rich in H2/CO.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a gas hydrate conversion system is provided comprising a floating factory, an appendage for harvesting a gas hydrate from an oceanic hydrate deposit, and one or more storage tanks. The floating factory comprises one or more heat exchange assemblies, one or more heat pump assemblies and an engine. In another embodiment, a method for harvesting hydrocarbon hydrate deposits is provided, the method comprising providing a gas hydrate conversion system; inducing release of methane from an oceanic hydrate deposit; capturing the methane from a primary methane capture zone and/or a secondary methane capture zone; and converting the methane to hydrogen and carbon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for producing metal-supported thin layer skeletal catalyst structures, to methods for producing catalyst support structures without separately applying an intermediate washcoat layer, and to novel catalyst compositions produced by these methods. Catalyst precursors may be interdiffused with the underlying metal support then activated to create catalytically active skeletal alloy surfaces. The resulting metal-anchored skeletal layers provide increased conversion per geometric area compared to conversions from other types of supported alloy catalysts of similar bulk compositions, and provide resistance to activity loss when used under severe on-stream conditions. Particular compositions of the metal-supported skeletal catalyst alloy structures can be used for conventional steam methane reforming to produce syngas from natural gas and steam, for hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolysis bio-oils, and for other metal-catalyzed reactions inter alia.

Abstract: Method for removing dissolved gases from water to produce boiler feed water in a catalytic steam reforming process where boiler feed water is heated by indirect heat transfer with a reformate stream and/or a combustion product gas stream and the boiler feed water subsequently flash vaporized to form steam and residual liquid water, where the steam formed by flash vaporization strips the dissolved gases from the water.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for identifying the compounds contributing to urine odor emitting from an air conditioner, a method for artificially reproducing the detected urine odor, and preparing a corresponding urine odor composition. Through the analysis method of the present invention, the compounds contributing to the urine odor emitted from an air conditioner may be identified and quantified. The detected urine odor may be reproduced from a combination of the compounds identified by the analysis method of the present invention. The reproduced urine odor may provide meaningful data required for development of an apparatus and a method for removing specific odor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for identifying compounds contributing to a sour odor emitting from an air conditioner, a method for artificially reproducing the detected sour odor and preparing a corresponding sour odor composition. Through the analysis method of the present invention, the compounds contributing to the sour odor emitted from an air conditioner may be identified and quantified. The detected sour odor may be reproduced from a combination of the compounds identified by the analysis method of the present invention. The reproduced sour odor may provide meaningful data required for development of an apparatus and a method for removing specific odors.

Abstract: A novel composition, system and method thereof for improving beam current during silicon ion implantation are provided. The silicon ion implant process involves utilizing a first silicon-based co-species and a second species. The second species is selected to have an ionization cross-section higher than that of the first silicon-based species at an operating arc voltage of an ion source utilized during generation and implantation of active silicon ions species. The active silicon ions produce an improved beam current characterized by maintaining or increasing the beam current level without incurring degradation of the ion source when compared to a beam current generated solely from SiF4.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for identifying the compounds contributing to a pungent odor from an air conditioner, a method for artificially reproducing the pungent odor, and preparing a corresponding pungent odor composition. Through the analysis method of the present invention, the compounds contributing to the pungent odor from an air conditioner may be identified and quantified. The pungent odor may be reproduced from a combination of the compounds identified by the analysis method of the present invention. The reproduced pungent odor may provide significant data required for development of an apparatus and a method for removing specific odors.

Abstract: A system includes a gasification vessel configured to receive a fuel and an oxidizer. The system also includes a gasifier disposed in the gasification vessel. The gasifier is configured to partially oxidize the fuel and the oxidizer to generate a syngas. The system further includes a convective syngas cooler configured to cool the syngas via heat exchange with a coolant. The convective syngas cooler is disposed in an interior of the gasification vessel.

Abstract: A gasification reactor comprising a gasifier with a tubular gastight wall arranged within a pressure vessel. The gasification reactor comprises one or more pressure responsive devices comprising a sleeve with a cooled section extending outwardly from an opening in the gastight wall. The pressure responsive devices can, e.g., include a pressure measurement device and/or a pressure equalizer. Method of using a pressure responsive device with such a gasifier, wherein a heat sluice is used formed by a sleeve with a cooled section extending outwardly from an opening in the gastight wall.

Abstract: A novel method and system for extending ion source life and improving ion source performance during carbon implantation are provided. Particularly, the carbon ion implant process involves utilizing a dopant gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and one or more fluorine-containing gas with carbon represented by the formula CxFy wherein x?1 and y?1. At least one fluorine containing gases with carbon is contained in the mixture at about 3-12 volume percent (vol %) based on the volume of the dopant gas mixture. Fluoride ions, radicals or combinations thereof are released from the ionized dopant gas mixture and reacts with deposits derived substantially from carbon along at least one of the surfaces of the repeller electrodes, extraction electrodes and the chamber to reduce the overall amount of deposits. In this manner, a single dopant gas mixture provides carbon ions and removes problematic deposits typically encountered during carbon implantation.

Abstract: The process described in this embodiment relates to the field of synthetic fuel and synthetic chemical production through co-processing methods such as pyrolysis, combustion, gasification, distillation, catalytic synthesis, methanol synthesis, hydro-treatment, and hydrogenation, cavitation, bioreaction, and water treatment. The inventions described herein relates to synthetic hydrocarbons derived from various carbonaceous materials such as biomass, solid municipal waste and coal which can be converted into typical industrial products and various unique synthetic fuels. The byproducts of each process are directed to other processes for additional product yield and to reduce waste and emissions.

Abstract: Combustible gas, which is easy to be stored, transported and the like and can contribute to improving the quality of a finished state of an operation such as gas cutting, gas welding or brazing, contains ethylene at 38 v/v % or more and 45 v/v % or less and the remainder being hydrogen and unavoidable impurity.

Abstract: A system includes a capture system, a storage system, and a return system. The capture system is configured to receive an outlet gas from a gasification system and to extract a component gas of the outlet gas using a regenerable material during a start-up operation of the gasification system. The storage system is coupled to the capture system and is configured to store the component gas extracted by the capture system. The return system is configured to return the component gas from the storage system to the gasification system during a normal operation of the gasification system.

Abstract: A system (10) for delivery of dilute fluid, utilizing an active fluid source (12), a diluent fluid source (14), a fluid flow metering device (24) for dispensing of one of the active and diluent fluids, a mixer (28) arranged to mix the active and diluent fluids to form a diluted active fluid mixture, and a monitor (42) arranged to sense concentration of active fluid and/or diluent fluid in the diluted active fluid mixture, and responsively adjust the fluid flow metering device (24) to achieve a predetermined concentration of active fluid in the diluted active fluid mixture. A pressure controller (38) is arranged to control flow of the other of the active and diluent fluids so as to maintain a predetermined pressure of the diluted active fluid mixture dispensed from the system. The fluid dispensed from the system then can be adjustably controlled by a flow rate controller, e.g., a mass flow controller, to provide a desired flow to a fluid-utilizing unit, such as a semiconductor process tool.

Abstract: A novel method and system for extending ion source life and improving ion source performance during carbon implantation are provided. Particularly, the carbon ion implant process involves utilizing a dopant gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and one or more fluorine-containing gas with carbon represented by the formula CxFy wherein x?1 and y?1. At least one fluorine containing gases with carbon is contained in the mixture at about 3-12 volume percent (vol %) based on the volume of the dopant gas mixture. Fluoride ions, radicals or combinations thereof are released from the ionized dopant gas mixture and reacts with deposits derived substantially from carbon along at least one of the surfaces of the repeller electrodes, extraction electrodes and the chamber to reduce the overall amount of deposits. In this manner, a single dopant gas mixture provides carbon ions and removes problematic deposits typically encountered during carbon implantation.

Abstract: A method of producing a high quality synthesis gas comprising less than a desired percentage of non-synthesis gas components and a desired mole ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide by providing a low quality synthesis gas comprising greater than the desired percentage; introducing the low quality synthesis gas into a conditioner; introducing a flue gas into a combustor; extracting a first catalytic heat transfer stream from the conditioner, and introducing at least a portion of the first catalytic heat transfer stream into the combustor; extracting a second catalytic heat transfer stream from the combustor, and introducing at least a portion of the second catalytic heat transfer stream into the conditioner; extracting a spent flue gas from the combustor; and extracting from the conditioner the high quality synthesis gas comprising the desired percentage and the desired mole ratio.

Abstract: A method and a system are provided for feeding a biomass material feed into a fluidized bed gasifier. The system includes a first plurality of screw conveyors disposed circumferentially around and connected to or integral with a gasifier shell of the fluidized bed gasifier, such that each of the first plurality of screw conveyors is in feed communication with a gasifier chamber defined by the gasifier shell. The system also includes a plurality of secondary receptacles, each individually coupled to a respective screw conveyor of the first plurality of screw conveyors, such that each of the plurality of secondary receptacles includes a secondary receptacle shell defining a secondary receptacle chamber in feed communication with the respective screw conveyor. The system further includes a plurality of primary receptacles, each including a primary receptacle shell defining a primary receptacle chamber in feed communication with at least two of the plurality of secondary receptacles.

Abstract: Catalyst comprising: a) a catalytic ceramic support comprising an arrangement of crystallites of the same size, same isodiametric morphology and same chemical composition or substantially of the same size, same isodiametric morphology and same chemical composition in which each crystallite is in point contact or virtually point contact with crystallites that surround it, and b) at least one active phase comprising metallic particles mechanically anchored into said catalytic support so that the coalescence and the mobility of each particle are limited to a volume corresponding to that of a crystallite of said catalytic ceramic support.

Abstract: Integrated processes are provided for syngas refining and bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compound. In the integrated processes ammonia contained in the syngas is recovered and used as a source of nitrogen and water for the fermentation. The integrated processes first remove tars from syngas by scrubbing using a first aqueous medium under conditions that ammonium bicarbonate is unstable. With tars removed, contact between the syngas and a second aqueous medium enables ammonia and carbon dioxide to be removed from the syngas without undue removal of components adverse to the fermentation, processing or oxygenated product such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylene, acetylene, and hydrogen cyanide. At least a portion of the second aqueous medium is supplied as a source of water and ammonia for the fermentation.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a nitrogen-free and sulfur-free odorant for hydrogen gas containing at least one acrylic acid C1-C6-alkyl ester and acetophenone, its use for the odorization of hydrogen gas, a process for the odorization of hydrogen gas and hydrogen gas containing an odorant according to the invention.

Abstract: Solar receivers which produce heat at very high temperatures (in excess of 1000° C.) are described herein. The receiver produces the high temperature heat and radiates the heat to a containment element (e.g., pipe) that contains a heat transfer fluid which absorbs the heat. The fluid is preferably a material which is thermally and chemically stable at the temperatures involved. The heat transfer fluid absorbs the heat and can deliver it to a reactor system to drive an endothermic reaction, such as thermochemical water splitting, CO2 capture, and/or syngas production. Alternatively, the heat can be used to directly generate electricity through a high temperature heat engine such as a Brayton or combined Brayton+Rankine cycle.

Abstract: A process for the production of fuels and chemicals from biomass feedstock is provided. The process includes (a) drying the biomass feedstock using heated dry carbon monoxide gas; (b) devolatilizing the feedstock by reductive torrefaction with heated dry carbon monoxide gas; (c) pulverizing the feedstock; and (d) pyrolyzing the feedstock by reductive pyrolysis with high pressure or high temperature carbon monoxide gas. An integrated system for producing fuels and chemicals from biomass feedstock is also provided.

Abstract: Provided herein is a gaseous isoprene composition comprising isoprene, carbon dioxide and water, wherein the isoprene is in an amount between about 0.1% and about 15% by volume; wherein the carbon dioxide is in an amount between about 0.04% and about 35% by volume; wherein the water is in an amount greater than about 70% of its saturation amount. Also provided herein is a liquid isoprene composition comprising isoprene in an amount of at least 65% by weight and carbon dioxide in an amount between about 0.01% and about 1% by weight.

Abstract: A gas producing device comprising a ferroelectric (FEG) or ferromagnetic (FMG) generator material wrapped by a conductor, wherein the conductor is in contact with a dielectric material. A ferroelectric or ferromagnetic generator material is polarized or magnetized. When a shock wave impacts the FEG or FMG, the polarization or magnetization of the material is rapidly destroyed. The rapid destruction of the magnet by breaking it into small pieces causes the magnetic field to go to zero very quickly. When the field changes quickly it induces a high current through the wrapped conductor or coil. When the current passes through the conductor in contact with the dielectric material it generates heat and vaporizes the dielectric material creating a high pressure gas. A reactive armor may comprising a gas producing device comprising a ferroelectric (FEG) or ferromagnetic (FMG) generator material wrapped by a conductor, wherein the conductor is in contact with a dielectric material.

Abstract: The system and method described herein provide for the higher production rate fractionation of biomass for the purpose of selectively separating specific volatile components, which may subsequently be used in the production of a renewable liquid fuel, such as gasoline. Increased production rates of processing of biomass or other feedstock is achieved through the use of sealed reaction chambers, which may be transferred in a sealed configuration between stations in a multi-station processing system. Also, the present invention considers the use of piston assemblies for the dual functions of controlling fluid intake and exhaust (in combination with valves) and for providing a more robust and more cost effective sealing mechanism. The present invention may also achieve improved uniformity of biomass processing through the introduction of a mechanical agitator designed to mix the biomass during processing.

Abstract: Methods and devices for generating gas from nitrous oxide are provided as well as downstream uses for the product gas. Reactor devices of the invention are compact and incorporate a novel heat-exchange/regenerative cooling system to optimize N2O decomposition and reactor durability.

Abstract: With a method for the generation of synthesis gas by means of gasification of solid or liquid carbonaceous fuels with an oxidation agent containing oxygen, in a reactor, wherein the synthesis gas is passed out of the reactor overhead, and the mineral ash/slag droplets that occur during the reaction are passed out of the reactor downward, in the direction of gravity, it is supposed to be made possible to use a flue-tube boiler, which is clearly less expensive, for heat removal in place of radiant boilers. This is achieved in that the synthesis gas is passed over a hot-gas filter (2), without being cooled, and subsequently passed through a flue-tube boiler (3), for cooling, wherein ash/slag particles precipitated on the hot-gas filter (2) are passed back into the gasification reactor (1), in the direction of gravity.

Abstract: Process for producing a dicarboxylic acid comprising fermenting a microorganism in a suitable fermentation medium wherein a gas flow comprising 30% to 100% v/v oxygen as measured under atmospheric pressure is added to the fermentation medium and producing the dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention discloses an apparatus and process for the reformation of hydrogen containing fluids to hydrogen and other constituents, more particularly, the reformation of hydrocarbons or mixtures of hydrocarbons in a cyclic flow inert porous media reactor for the production of hydrogen and other constituents. In an alternate embodiment, the apparatus and process can be used for the reformation of hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrogen and sulfur. The cyclic flow reactor comprises a reaction chamber filled with a porous media matrix containing an unconstrained reaction zone located in any portion of the reactor chamber. This reactor system employs valves to canalize the reactant mixture and product mixture during flow cycling channeling the reactant mixture through the porous media matrix, and reacting the reactant mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a ceramic heat exchanger as an integral part of a process for catalytic dehalogenation of silicon tetrachloride to trichlorosilane in the presence of hydrogen, wherein the product gas and the reactant gases are conducted as pressurized streams through the heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger comprises heat exchanger elements made from ceramic material.

Abstract: A process with which a liquid fuel is evaporated completely in two stages is provided. In the first stage, the fuel is mixed with a hot primary medium and partly evaporated. In the second stage, the already evaporated fuel fraction is partly oxidized, which provides the heat for the complete evaporation of the fuel fractions which are yet to be evaporated. A fuel-air mixture for a reformer can be obtained with an advantageous embodiment of the process, in which the fuel is mixed homogeneously with oxidizing agent in the inventive evaporation. For the performance of the process, a mixing chamber is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a specific aqueous separation liquid and to a process for removing paint overspray from a paint spray booth comprising: i) directing a gas stream through a paint spray booth; ii) contacting paint overspray with the gas stream flowing through the paint booth thereby forming a paint loaded gas stream containing paint particles or droplets dispersed therein, iii) forming a flowing substantially continuous liquid film of the aqueous separation liquid on a surface positioned within the flow path of the gas stream; iv) directing the paint loaded gas stream to said surface, in order to bring the gas stream in contact with the flowing substantially continuous film of the aqueous separation liquid, thereby transferring paint particles or droplets from the gas stream into the separation liquid to form a first paint loaded separation liquid; and v) removing the first paint loaded separation liquid and the gas stream having a reduced paint load.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing coal, asphalt, liquid hydrocarbon, organic acids, methane gas and/or hydrogen from a waste material comprising: a) providing a waste material; b) subjecting the waste material to irradiation with low frequency macro waves, with a wavelength of between 700 nm and 1 mm, whereby the temperature is between 2050 C and 9000 C and the pressure is between 1.0 bar and 19.0 bar, thereby producing coal; c) optionally subjecting the residual materials in gaseous state from step b) to a physicochemical reaction in the presence of a solid metal identified as DPP B102, whereby the temperature is between 1800 C and 5000 C and the pressure is between 0.98 bar and 5.5 bar, thereby producing asphalt; d) optionally subjecting the residual materials in gaseous state from step b) or c) to a physicochemical reaction and/or condensation, whereby the temperature is between 1500 C and 7500 C and the pressure is between 0.

Abstract: A process for regulating the rate of permeation of oxygen through a nonporous ceramic membrane which conducts oxygen anions and contains alkaline earth metal ions. On at least one side of the nonporous ceramic membrane which conducts oxygen anions, carbon dioxide and/or a gaseous carbon dioxide precursor is added for a predetermined time, which enables an alteration of the oxygen permeability of the membrane material. This brings about reversible chemical formation of alkaline earth metal carbonates in the membrane and, as a result, alters the properties thereof for oxygen permeation. A membrane reactor equipped with a feed line for a moderator gas can be regulated in a simple manner. The membrane reactor can preferably be used for oxidation reactions and/or for removal of oxygen from gas mixtures.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a catalytic gasification of coal. Catalytic gasification of a Wyodak low-sulfur sub-bituminous coal from the Powder River Basin of Wyoming was investigated using an inexpensive sodium carbonate catalyst applied via incipient wetness impregnation. Experiments in an atmospheric pressure fixed-bed laboratory gasifier were performed to evaluate the effects of reaction temperature, feed gas steam content, and Na2CO3 loading on the catalytic gasification of the Wyodak coal. The temperature range investigated (700-900° C.) was selected with consideration of the Na2CO3 melting point (850° C.) to reduce the loss by volatilization of sodium. Sodium was found to be active during both pyrolysis and gasification steps. The catalyst was most cost-effective at addition levels of approximately 3 wt %. The random pore model provided a good fit to the conversion versus time data collected under both the catalytic and the uncatalytic conditions.

Abstract: A system for disinfecting and purifying aqueous solutions and water for drinking purposes comprising an outer pouch, a disinfectant generating device, and an inorganic coagulant. The disinfectant generating device is provided with a membrane shell defining at least two compartments which house a first reactant, a second reactant, and an inorganic coagulant. The disinfectant generating device is capable of producing a disinfectant when exposed to water or moisture and the disinfectant exits the compartment through the membrane shell. The inorganic coagulant aid the formation of flocs of the suspended dispersed particles in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A solid mixture of fullerene and titanium hydride, a method of its formation, and a method of its use to rapidly produce a gaseous mixture of molecular hydrogen and fullerene on demand. The solid mixture may be resistively heated by discharge of a high power electrical current from a capacitor bank through the mixture to produce the mixture of hydrogen and fullerene within a few tens of microseconds. The resulting gaseous mixture of hydrogen and fullerene may be ionized and accelerated for the purpose of mitigating electromagnetic disruptions in a magnetically confined plasma.

Abstract: A composition comprising natural gas, methane, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) or propane, and an oxygenate odorant, where the oxygenate odorant has a vapor pressure of about 0.002 psi or greater at 25° C. and 1 atmosphere, and has a smell detectable at less than 1 ppm by a human nose, and where the oxygenate odorant is a cyclic compound consisting only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, including one or more carbonyl groups, and is stable under high pressure and temperature storage, transport and use conditions.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the efficient fractionation of lignocellulosic biomasses into cellulosic, hemicellulosic and lignin fractions, wherein concentrated organic acid vapors are applied to the biomass at elevated temperatures at the location(s) or near the location(s) where the biomass has been harvested and gathered, to at least partly depolymerize or substantially solubilize the hemicelluloses and lignins in the biomass. The organic acid-treated biomass is in either case then dried and pelletized for extended bulk storage and/or for shipment to a second facility some distance away. The organic acid-treated biomass may be processed into desired chemicals, fuels and/or fuel additives at the local processing site or at a second facility away from the local processing site, or the pelletized material may be used as a ruminant feed locally or at a feedlot some distance removed from the local processing site.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein the entire hydrocarbon feed is passed through a radiant furnace, heat exchanger reformer and autothermal reformer in a series arrangement, in which effluent gas from the autothermal reformer is used as heat source for the reforming reactions occurring in the heat exchange reformer and wherein a cooling medium is added to the heat exchange reformer.

Abstract: A method of capturing acid compounds contained in a gas, wherein the following stages are carried out: a) contacting (R1) gas (2) with a liquid solution (9) comprising a mixture of an aqueous phase and of a non-water miscible phase so as to produce a solution (3) comprising acid compound hydrates and an acid compound depleted gas (10), b) dividing (B1) the solution comprising acid compound hydrates into a hydrate-rich fraction and a fraction rich in non-water miscible phase, c) separating (B1) hydrate-rich fraction (4) from fraction (5) rich in non-water miscible phase, d) heating (R2) the hydrate-rich fraction so as to release gaseous acid compounds (6) by dissociating the hydrates and to produce a water-rich fraction (8), e) mixing (B2) the fraction rich in non-water miscible phase obtained in stage c) with the water-rich fraction produced in stage d) so as to produce the liquid solution used in stage a).

Abstract: An ion implantation system and process, in which the performance and lifetime of the ion source of the ion implantation system are enhanced, by utilizing isotopically enriched dopant materials, or by utilizing dopant materials with supplemental gas(es) effective to provide such enhancement.

Abstract: A method of operating a heat exchange device downstream of a gasification reactor for the partial combustion of a carbonaceous feed for the production of synthetic gas. The produced synthetic gas flows through the heat exchange device with a flow velocity which is adjusted as a function of the composition and/or particle size of fouling components carried by the synthetic gas, in particular fly ash. A heat exchange device comprising a channel surrounding one or more heat exchange surfaces and having an adjustable flow-through capacity. The heat exchange surfaces can, e.g., be cylindrical and be coaxially nested, the inner heat exchange surface defining an inner channel with one or more closing members, which are moveable between a closing position and an opening position.

Abstract: The invention comprises a thermal power supply process for a treatment system for raw material. It also refers to a system operating this process and a facility operating said system. The process comprises steps of gasification of dry raw material containing carbon (MPCS) in a first reactor by a gaseous flow of gasification containing CO2, oxidation of gasification gases by oxygen holders in a second reactor and an activation of the oxygen holders as used during the oxidation in a third reactor.

Abstract: With a method for the gasification of a biomass in a fluidized bed, wherein the biomass is first pre-dried and passed to the fluidized bed gasifier, subsequently the raw gas from the gasifier impacts a recirculation cyclone and subsequently at least one raw gas cooler, the yield of such a method of procedure is supposed to be improved and the system costs are supposed to be lowered. This is achieved in that the dusts that occur in the hot gas filter that follows the raw gas cooler are recirculated into the introduction system of the biomass.