Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic component having a layer sequence, which comprises at least a first electrode (10), a second electrode (20) and an active region (30) and contains monoatomic carbon layers at least in sub-regions.

Abstract: A resonating element includes a resonator element that includes a vibrating portion and an excitation electrode provided on both main surfaces of the vibrating portion, an intermediate substrate in which the resonator element is mounted so as to be spaced from the excitation electrode, and a spiral electrode pattern that is provided on at least one main surface of the intermediate substrate, in which the electrode pattern is electrically connected to the excitation electrode.

Abstract: A piezoelectric mechanism includes first and second electrodes and a thin film sheet of piezoelectric material. The second electrode is interdigitated in relation to the first electrode. The first and the second electrodes are embedded within the thin film sheet. The thin film sheet is polarized in a direction at least substantially perpendicular to a surface of the thin film sheet. The thin film sheet is to physically deform in a shear mode due to polarization of the thin film sheet at least substantially perpendicular to the surface of the thin film sheet, responsive to an electric field induced within the thin film sheet at least substantially parallel to the sheet via application of a voltage across the first and the second electrodes.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric material which has satisfactory insulation property and piezoelectric property and which does not contain lead and potassium. The piezoelectric material includes a perovskite-type metal oxide that is represented by the following general formula (1): (NaxBa1-y)(NbyTi1-y)O3??General formula (1) where relationships of 0.80?x?0.95 and 0.85?y?0.95 are satisfied, and y×0.05 mol % or more to y×2 mol % or less of copper with respect to 1 mol of the perovskite-type metal oxide.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device employs solder on a roughened surface to improve bonding of electrical contacts with the device package. The device package includes a base, a crystal frame and a lid. The base includes connecting electrodes on a side of the base adjacent the crystal frame. The base has a through hole and a through hole electrode formed in the through hole in electrical contact with the connecting electrodes. The through hole is sealed with a sealing material and a first external electrode layer, which is electrically connected to the through hole electrode, is formed on an outside surface of the base opposite the piezoelectric plate. A second external electrode layer is formed to cover the first external electrode layer and the sealing material.

Abstract: A resonator element includes: a substrate; and an electrode that includes a first conductive layer provided on a surface of the substrate, and a second conductive layer, provided on the opposite side to the first conductive layer on the substrate side, which is disposed within an outer edge of the first conductive layer when seen in a plan view from a direction perpendicular to the surface.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a support body having a displacing part capable of undergoing displacement, a lower electrode layer having a lower main electrode body and a lower electrode wire part with the lower main electrode body being formed on the support body and provided within the displacing part in a plan view and the lower electrode wire part being connected to the lower main electrode body and provided across an interior and an exterior of the displacing part, a first piezoelectric layer provided on the lower main electrode body, an upper electrode layer provided across the interior and exterior of the displacing part with at least a part of the upper electrode layer being layered on the first piezoelectric layer and insulated from the lower electrode layer, and a second piezoelectric layer provided on the support body to cover at least a part of the lower electrode wire part.

Abstract: A dielectric device has a first electrode film having a non-oriented or amorphous structure, a dielectric film provided on the first electrode film and having a preferentially oriented structure, and a second electrode film provided on the dielectric film and having a non-oriented or amorphous structure.

Abstract: In a piezoelectric ceramic which has an alkali-containing niobate-based perovskite structure in which constituent elements are Li, Na, K, Nb, and O, a Li3NbO4 crystal phase is intentionally deposited on a piezoelectric ceramic having an alkali-containing niobate-based perovskite structure, whereby sintering becomes possible at about 1000° C. rather than at the normally required sintering temperature of 1050° C. or greater.

Abstract: Disclosed is a piezoelectric micro energy harvester and manufacturing method thereof, the method including: forming an insulation film on a substrate; patterning the insulation film and forming an electrode pad pattern, a center electrode pattern, and a side electrode pattern; forming an open cavity at an inside of the substrate for suspension of the center electrode pattern and the side electrode pattern; disposing a conductive film on the electrode pad pattern, the center electrode pattern, and the side electrode pattern and forming electrode pads, a center electrode, and a side electrode; and forming a piezoelectric film so as to cover a space between the center electrode and the side electrode and upper surfaces of the center electrode and the side electrode.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave resonator includes a quartz crystal substrate with Euler angles (?1.5°???1.5°, 117°???142°, and 42.79°?|?|?49.57°), and an IDT provided on the quartz crystal substrate that includes a plurality of electrode fingers and excites a stop band upper end mode surface acoustic wave. Inter-electrode finger grooves are provided between the electrode fingers. If a line occupation rate of the convex portions of the quartz crystal substrate disposed between the inter-electrode finger grooves is ?g, and a line occupation rate of the electrode fingers disposed on the convex portions is ?e, ?g>?e and 0.59<?eff<0.73 are satisfied when an effective line occupation rate ?eff of the IDT is an arithmetic mean of the line occupation rate ?g and the line occupation rate ?e.

Abstract: A method of forming a structure such as a print head or a printer including the print head having a flex circuit with a plurality of deformed (i.e., contoured, shaped, or embossed) conductive flexible printed circuit (flex circuit) pads. A plurality of flex circuit pads can be aligned with a plurality of piezoelectric elements of an ink jet print head. Within a press such as a stack press, pressure can be applied to deform the plurality of flex circuit pads and to establish electrical contact between the plurality of flex circuit pads and the plurality of piezoelectric elements. Deforming the plurality of flex circuit pads in situ during the press operation can reduce costs by eliminating a separate embossing stage performed during the manufacture or formation of the flex circuit.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a substrate; a first conductive layer disposed on or above the substrate; a piezoelectric layer covering a top and a side of the first conductive layer; a relaxing layer disposed on or above the piezoelectric layer and along an edge of a top surface of the piezoelectric layer; and a second conductive layer covering at least the relaxing layer and the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: Provided is a highly durable multi-layer piezoelectric element wherein an external electrode has less possibilities of being peeled off from a side face of a stacked body even when the element is continuously driven for a long period of time in a high electrical field under high pressure. In a multi-layer piezoelectric element (1), a void (2) is formed in a joining interface between a side face of a stacked body (7) wherein piezoelectric layers (3) and internal electrode layers (5) are alternately laminated and an external electrode (9) joined to the side face. Since stress generated in the joining interface between the side face of the stacked body (7) and the external electrode (9) during driving can be reduced by the void (2), there are less possibilities of having the external electrode (9) peeled off from the side face of the stacked body (7) even when the element is continuously driven for a long period of time.

Abstract: A stacked bulk acoustic resonator includes a first piezoelectric layer stacked on a first electrode, a second electrode stacked on the first piezoelectric layer; a second piezoelectric layer stacked on the second electrode, and a third electrode stacked on the second piezoelectric layer. The stacked bulk acoustic resonator further includes an inner raised region formed in an inner portion on a surface of at least one of the first, second and third electrodes, and an outer raised region formed along an outer perimeter on the surface of the at least one of the first, second or third electrodes. The outer raised region surrounds the inner raised region and defines a gap between the inner raised region and the outer raised region.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element comprising a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer which includes bismuth, lanthanum iron, and manganese and which formed above the first electrode and a second electrode formed above the piezoelectric layer. The integrated intensity of a diffraction peak observed at 20°<2?<25° is 90% or more of the sum of the integrated intensities of diffraction peaks observed at 20°<2?<50° in an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the piezoelectric layer measured at ?=?=0°.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer disposed to face the first conductive layer, and a piezoelectric layer disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and composed of a compound oxide containing at least lead, zirconium, titanium, and oxygen. The piezoelectric layer includes a lead concentration gradient region in which the lead concentration increases from the first conductive layer side to the second conductive layer side. The lead concentration gradient region is disposed on the first conductive layer side of the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A vibrating reed includes a base part. A drive vibrating arm, a detection vibrating arm, and an adjustment vibrating arm extend from the base part. A first adjustment electrode and a second adjustment electrode are connected to the adjustment vibrating arm. The first adjustment electrode generates an electrical signal in first phase. The second adjustment electrode generates an electrical signal in second phase opposite to the first phase. The electrical signals of the adjustment electrodes are superimposed on the detection signal of the detection vibrating arm, and thereby, vibration leakage components are cancelled out. The adjustment vibrating arm is partially sandwiched between a first electrode piece and a second electrode piece, and the adjustment vibrating arm is partially sandwiched between a third electrode piece and a fourth electrode piece.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer facing the first conductive layer, and a piezoelectric layer between the first and second conductive layers, composed of a compound oxide containing at least lead, zirconium, titanium, and oxygen. The piezoelectric layer includes a first crystal layer on the first conductive layer side of the piezoelectric layer and a second crystal layer continued from the first crystal layer, nearer to the second conductive layer side than the first crystal layer. In the piezoelectric layer, the lead concentration in the first conductive layer side of the first crystal layer is lower than that in the second conductive layer side of the second crystal layer. In the piezoelectric layer, the oxygen concentration in the first conductive layer side of the first crystal layer is higher than that in the second conductive layer side of the second crystal layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator unit includes a piezoelectric layer, a first electrode and a second electrode which are arranged to be sandwiching the piezoelectric layer, and which form an active portion of the piezoelectric layer by sandwiching the piezoelectric layer, a capacitor which is connected in series to the active portion, and a voltage applying mechanism which applies a first voltage to the capacitor, and a second voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode to cause a piezoelectric deformation in the active portion of the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a surface mount oscillator that can suppress a change with the lapse of time in frequency characteristics. A surface mount type crystal unit 1 includes: a framed crystal plate 2 in which an oscillating part 6 having a first excitation electrode 5a and a second excitation electrode 5b on opposite principal surfaces thereof is surrounded by a frame 7, and the oscillating part 6 and the frame 7 are connected by connecting parts 8a and 8b; a base 3; and a cover 4. The surface mount type crystal unit 1 has such a configuration that a first metal film 17 is formed in one area of two areas formed by dividing the principal surface of the frame 7 facing the base 3 at two positions around a circumferential direction of the frame 7, and a second metal film 18 is formed in the other area. The first metal film 17 is electrically connected to the first excitation electrode 5a, and the second metal film 18 is electrically connected to the second excitation electrode 5b.

Abstract: There is provided a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic having a high and stable piezoelectric constant and a high and stable mechanical quality factor in a wide operating temperature range. A method for manufacturing the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic is also provided. the general formula (1) (Ba1-xCax)a(Ti1-y-zSnyZrz)O3 (0.08?x?0.20, 0.01?y?0.04, 0?z?0.04)??(1) A piezoelectric ceramic includes a main component containing a perovskite type metal oxide having the following general formula (1); and Mn as a first auxiliary component. The amount b (mol) of Mn per mole of the metal oxide is in the range of 0.0048?b?0.0400, and the value a of the general formula (1) or (2) is in the range of 0.9925+b?a?1.0025+b.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer apparatus having a first electrode deposited on a dielectric layer disposed on a primary substrate. A piezoelectric material is deposited between the first electrode and a second electrode, to form a transducer device. At least the piezoelectric material is patterned such that a portion of the first electrode extends laterally outward therefrom. The primary substrate and the dielectric layer are etched to form a first via extending to the laterally outward portion of the first electrode, and a first conductive material is deposited to substantially fill the first via and form an electrically-conductive engagement with the laterally outward portion of the first electrode. The primary substrate is etched to define a second via extending therethrough, wherein the second via is laterally spaced apart from the first via. An associated method and apparatus are also provided.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator includes a resonator substrate having a resonating body with a thickness that is associated with a resonant frequency, a conductor disposed on the resonating body and having a body electrode, a base having a groove aligned with the body electrode and defined by a groove-defining wall, a base electrode disposed on the groove-defining wall and cooperating with the body electrode and the base to form a capacitor load, and a cap disposed on the resonator substrate in a manner that the resonator substrate is sandwiched between the cap and the base.

Abstract: A sensor element (a vibrator element) includes a base portion; a vibrating arm extended from the base portion; a drive unit that is provided in the vibrating arm and has a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a piezoelectric body layer; a wiring having a portion that is drawn from the second electrode layer and is provided along a side surface of the piezoelectric body layer; and a terminal that is provided in the base portion and is electrically connected to the second electrode layer via the wiring.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based polymer film includes: applying a solution formed by dissolving a PVDF-based polymer in a solvent, on a first substrate; forming a PVDF-based polymer film by evaporating the solvent; bonding a support film on the PVDF-based polymer film; weakening an adhesive force between the PVDF-based polymer film and the first substrate; and separating the first substrate from the PVDF-based polymer film.

Abstract: An acoustic wave device according to one embodiment of the present invention has a base with a vibrating body, a sealing member which is joined to the base in a frame-shaped region surrounding the vibrating body and faces the vibrating body with a space therebetween, and an intermediate layer between the frame-shaped region of the sealing member and the base. The frame-shaped region has a recess and at least a portion of the intermediate layer is located inside the recess.

Abstract: Provided are a polymer and a polymer actuator including the polymer. The polymer is cross-linked by a cross-linking agent. When the polymer is used in the polymer actuator, the polymer actuator shows a high strain and may be stably operated at high temperatures.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe and an ultrasonic diagnosis device which can improve electrical safety for an operator are provided. The ultrasonic probe 2 has an insulating portion 62 between a mounting board 43 and a case 25. Since electrical leakage from the internal device of the ultrasonic probe 2 can be prevented, electrical safety of the ultrasonic probe 2 for the operator can be improved. A conductive film 61 is provided on the ultrasonic wave radiation side of a cMUT chip 20, and a conductive member 63 is provided along the insulating member 62. A conductive film 61 and a conductive member 63 are connected by a conductive member 64. A closed space having a ground potential is formed by the conductive film 61, the conductive member 63 and a coaxial cable 55 connected to ground. Main components or the body circuits of the ultrasonic probe 2 are contained in the closed space having the ground potential and shielded electrically from the outside.

Abstract: A resonator element includes a substrate vibrating in a thickness-shear vibration mode, a first excitation electrode disposed on one principal surface of the substrate, and has a shape obtained by cutting out four corners of a quadrangle, and a second excitation electrode disposed on the other principal surface of the substrate, and a ratio (S2/S1) between the area S1 of the quadrangle and the area S2 of the first excitation electrode fulfills 87.7%?(S2/S1)<95.0%.

Abstract: A resonator element includes a substrate including a first principal surface and a second principal surface respectively forming an obverse surface and a reverse surface of the substrate, and vibrating in a thickness-shear vibration mode, a first excitation electrode disposed on the first principal surface, and a second excitation electrode disposed on the second principal surface, and being larger than the first excitation electrode in a plan view, the first excitation electrode is disposed so as to fit into an outer edge of the second excitation electrode in the plan view, and the energy trap confficient M fulfills 15.5?M?36.7.

Abstract: A package is configured to accommodate a piezoelectric element. The package includes a guide part having a plurality of spaces into which electrodes of the piezoelectric element is inserted, respectively. The plurality of spaces of the guide part are separated from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and methodology for minimizing and compensating for cracking in piezoelectric devices so as to maintain long term functionality of the devices. Compensation for cracking is achieved by applying solid conductive electrodes over the entire surface of the piezoelectric device and extending the electrodes beyond the perimeter of the piezoelectric device. In this way electrical connections are maintained even in the presence of cracking. Cracking of the piezoelectric device is limited by minimizing the local bending moment of the piezoelectric device by way of applying insulative support materials that may vary in thickness.

Abstract: A piezoelectric mirror device fabrication process, including: dividing a silicon wafer into a multiplicity of segments, wherein on one surface of said silicon wafer per segment, a pair of lower electrodes, a mirror portion positioned between said lower electrodes and a pair of mirror support portions adapted to join said mirror portion to said lower electrodes are formed of an electrically conductive material having a Young's modulus of up to 160 GPa and a melting point higher than that of a piezoelectric element to be formed later; stacking the piezoelectric element and an upper electrode on said lower electrodes; removing the silicon wafer in a desired pattern from another surface of said silicon wafer per segment, and obtaining a multiplicity of piezoelectric mirror devices by dicing said multiplicity of piezoelectric mirror devices into individual ones.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric element, which includes a first electrode adjacent a first main surface of a mother piezoelectric substrate and a second electrode adjacent a second main surface. During formation of the first electrode and the second electrode, cutouts are provided in the first electrode and the second electrode so that the shapes of the first electrode and the second electrode are different from each other when the mother piezoelectric substrate is inverted.

Abstract: There is provided a piezoelectric vibrating piece including: a piezoelectric plate that includes a pair of vibrating arm portions, and a base portion which integrally fixes the base end portions of the pair of vibrating arm portions along a length direction; excitation electrodes which are formed on the vibrating arm portions and vibrate the vibrating arm portions; mounting electrodes which are formed on the base portion and mount the piezoelectric plate on external portions using a joining member; and leading-out electrodes which connect the excitation electrodes and the mounting electrodes, in which the leading-out electrodes are formed by folding back several times between the excitation electrodes and the mounting electrodes.

Abstract: An electrostrictive composite includes a flexible polymer matrix and a carbon nanotube film structure. The carbon nanotube film structure is located on a surface of the flexible polymer matrix, and at least partly embedded into the flexible polymer matrix through the first surface. The carbon nanotube film structure includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes combined by van der Waals attractive force therebetween.

Abstract: A perovskite oxide film is formed on a substrate, in which the perovskite oxide film has an average film thickness of not less than 5 ?m and includes a perovskite oxide represented by a general formula (P) given below: (K1?w?x, Aw, Bx)(Nb1?y?z, Cy, Dz)O3 - - - (P), where: 0<w<1.0, 0?x?0.2, 0?y<1.0, 0?z?0.2, 0<w+x<1.0, A is an A-site element having an ionic valence of 1 other than K, B is an A-site element, C is a B-site element having an ionic valence of 5, D is a B-site element, each of A to D is one kind or a plurality of kinds of metal elements.

Abstract: This disclosure provides implementations of electromechanical systems (EMS) piezoelectric resonator structures, transformers, devices, apparatus, systems, and related processes. In one aspect, a piezoelectric resonator structure includes a first conductive electrode layer, a second conductive electrode layer, and a piezoelectric layer arranged between the first and second conductive layers. In some implementations, the surface of the piezoelectric layer adjacent to the first conductive layer is separated from the first conductive layer by a first gap, and the surface of the piezoelectric layer adjacent to the second conductive layer is separated from the second conductive layer by a second gap. In some implementations, the resonator structure further includes an encapsulation layer arranged over the second conductive layer and providing physical support to the second conductive layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes an integrated circuit (IC) chip and a piezoelectric resonator element, a part of the piezoelectric resonator element being disposed so as to overlap with a part of the IC chip when viewed in plan. The IC chip includes: an inner pad disposed on an active face and in an area where is overlapped, with the piezoelectric resonator when viewed in plan; an insulating layer formed on the active face; a relocation pad disposed on the insulating layer and in an area other than a part where is overlapped with the piezoelectric resonator element, the relocation pad being coupled to an end part of a first wire; and a second wire electrically coupling the inner pad and the relocation pad, the second wire having a relocation wire and a connector that penetrates the insulating layer, the relocation wire being disposed between the insulating layer and the active face.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration-type driving apparatus comprising a vibrating body including an electro-mechanical energy conversion element and an elastic body to which the electro-mechanical energy conversion element is joined; and a flexible printed board connected to the electro-mechanical energy conversion element, wherein the flexible printed board includes a first region bonded to at least the location of an antinode portion of vibration of the vibrating body and a second region that is adjacent to the first region and that is not bonded to the electro-mechanical energy conversion element; the boundary portion between the first region and the second region is located at a node portion of the vibration of the vibrating body; and a gap is present between the second region and the vibrating body.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer element chip includes a substrate, a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements, a wiring part and an additional wiring part. The substrate defines a plurality of openings arranged in an array pattern. Each of the ultrasonic transducer elements is provided in each of the openings. The wiring part is connected to the ultrasonic transducer elements. The additional wiring part is disposed in a peripheral region between an outline of the array pattern of the openings and an outer edge of the substrate in a plan view as viewed along a thickness direction of the substrate. The additional wiring part is electrically insulated from the wiring part. The additional wiring part is longer than a shortest distance between the outline of the array pattern and the outer edge of the substrate in the plan view.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator unit includes a piezoelectric layer, a first electrode and a second electrode which are arranged to be sandwiching the piezoelectric layer, and which form an active portion of the piezoelectric layer by sandwiching the piezoelectric layer, a capacitor which is connected in series to the active portion, and a voltage applying mechanism which applies a first voltage to the capacitor, and a second voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode to cause a piezoelectric deformation in the active portion of the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: Microelectromechanical resonators include a resonator body having a first piezoelectric layer on a upper surface thereof, which is configured to support actuation and sensing through a transverse piezoelectric effect (e31), and a second piezoelectric layer on at least a portion of a first sidewall thereof, which is configured to support actuation and sensing through a longitudinal piezoelectric effect (e33), where e33 is greater than e31. These resonators may further include a first bottom electrode extending between the first piezoelectric layer and the upper surface of the resonator body and a second bottom electrode extending between the second piezoelectric layer and the first sidewall of the resonator body. These first and second bottom electrodes may be contiguous as a single bottom electrode and the first and second piezoelectric layers may be contiguous as a single piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element is provided with a ceramic substrate including a first surface on which a groove is formed, and a first electrode formed on the first surface of the ceramic substrate and including a crossing part that extends over the groove. At least one void is formed between a bottom of the groove and the crossing part of the first electrode.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator device includes: a top electrode layer with a patterned structure, a top piezoelectric layer adjacent to the top layer, a middle metal layer adjacent to the top piezoelectric layer opposite the top layer, a bottom piezoelectric layer adjacent to the middle layer opposite the top piezoelectric layer, and a bottom electrode layer with a patterned structure and adjacent to the bottom piezoelectric layer opposite the middle layer. The top layer includes a first plurality of electrodes inter-digitated with a second plurality of electrodes. A first one of the electrodes in the top layer and a first one of the electrodes in the bottom layer are coupled to a first contact, and a second one of the electrodes in the top layer and a second one of the electrodes in the bottom layer are coupled to a second contact.

Abstract: An acoustic transducer is disclosed in which a set of electrode arrays is arranged around a nominal center point and comprising a set of circumferentially disposed electrode elements. A piezoelectric material is located between a common electrode and said electrode elements.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a piezoelectric element including a piezoelectric layer made of a piezoelectric material and an electrode disposed on the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric material is such that when a diamond conical indenter having an angle ? of 136° between opposite faces is pressed into the piezoelectric layer at a load of 5 gf for 5 seconds to form cracks extending from an indentation, using a micro Vickers hardness meter, the length of the cracks from four corners of the indentation is 15 ?m or less.

Abstract: A piezoelectric patch can be used to repair a defective structure having a plate configuration. The piezoelectric patch can be energized with an applied voltage that is configured to sustain the loading arising from the plate. The applied voltages and electrodes of the patch can be configured based on a numerical model and a finite element method (FEM).

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a pressure generating chamber communicating with a nozzle for ejecting liquid droplets and a piezoelectric element having a piezoelectric layer and a pair of electrodes disposed on both sides of the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer is made of a perovskite-type oxide containing barium titanate, calcium titanate, and europium oxide.