Abstract: A device for measuring a duration of a level of an electrical signal, comprising first ring oscillator comprising inverting gates, whose electrical power supply is modulated by the electrical signal; second ring oscillator whose electrical power supply is not modulated by the electrical signal; first counting unit configured to count a total number of gate-to-gate transitions of a point of instability of the first ring oscillator, a point of instability being present at an inverting gate when a logic level at an input to the inverting gate is equal to a logic level at an output from the inverting gate; second counting unit configured to count a total number of gate-to-gate transitions of a point of instability of the second ring oscillator; and determining unit configured to determine a duration of a level of the electrical signal on a basis of values of the first and second counting units.

Abstract: A method of monitoring an output signal of a switching-mode power supply for the presence and magnitude of the switching frequency comprises sampling the output signal at a sampling frequency above the minimum Nyquist limit to provide a succession of samples; cross-correlating a reference signal and the samples to provide cross-correlation values; and monitoring the cross-correlation values to ascertain the magnitude of a component of the output signal at or near the frequency of the reference signal.

Abstract: An exemplary method and arrangement for estimating the frequency and the positive sequence of a fundamental component of a measured three-phase voltage are disclosed (???).

Abstract: A method for calibrating voltage and current detected by a high frequency measurement apparatus is provided. By the method, a basic calibration parameter for a wide impedance range but with low accuracy and quadrant-specific calibration parameters for highly accurate calibration are calculated. This calculation is performed based, on values obtained by measuring three reference loads and true values of the reference loads. A first calibration unit of the apparatus calibrates the detected voltage and current by using the basic calibration parameter. A quadrant determining unit of the apparatus determines in which quadrant an impedance calculated from the calibrated voltage and current lies. A second calibration unit of the apparatus further calibrates the voltage and current by using a quadrant-specific calibration parameter corresponding to the determination result input from the quadrant determining unit.

Abstract: A circuit that includes a bridge rectifier configured to convert a sensed input signal into a rectified output signal and a regulator configured to convert the rectified output signal into a voltage source signal. The circuit further includes a variable period timer configured to be powered by the voltage source signal and to convert the rectified output signal into a low duty cycle timer signal in which 50% is a low duty cycle and the low duty cycle timer signal has a frequency that is correlated to an input voltage level of the sensed input signal, wherein the voltage sensing circuit is configured to operate on input voltage levels of sensed alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) input signals over one or more determined dynamic ranges.

Abstract: A computer device comprises a calibration module adapted to detect an input frequency for at least one input mode of a digitizer device. The calibration module is configured to determine whether the input frequency is within a frequency tolerance band corresponding to the at least one input mode.

Abstract: A mixed-domain oscilloscope (MDO) includes a signal generator configured to generate a test signal having a span ranging from a user-configurable start frequency to a user configurable stop frequency, an output channel coupled to the signal generator and configured to transmit the test signal, an RF input channel configured to receive a return signal based on the test signal, an acquisition section configured to acquire and digitize the return signal as an acquisition record, and a ramp busy signal generator configured to substantially time-align the acquisition record with the test signal. The test signal includes a chirp signal that is a linearly swept sine wave that spans between the user-configurable start frequency and the user-configurable stop frequency. Methods include calibrating the chirp signal, connecting the MDO in various test configurations relative to external return loss bridge and DUT equipment, and performing measurements such as S21(db), S11(db), and distance-to-fault type measurements.

Abstract: Methods and systems for synchronizing an electric grid having unbalanced voltages are provided. A voltage vector may be filtered in a quadrature tracking filter (QTF) to generate a quadrature signal. A phase-locked-loop (PLL) operation may be performed on the quadrature signal to monitor a voltage vector between the grid and a connected power converter. The QTF and PLL methods are suitable for either single-phase applications or n-phase (any number of phases) applications. A frequency estimator estimates the grid frequency of the electric grid and outputs the estimated frequency to the QTF algorithms. The frequency estimator may include a three-phase phase-locked-loop (three-phase PLL) suitable for estimating the center frequencies of multiple phases of the electric grid. The frequency estimator may also include means for reducing the harmonics in the grid system.

Abstract: A duty cycle detecting circuit for pulse width modulation (PWM). The circuit includes a clock generating circuit, a sampling circuit and a calculation circuit. The clock generating circuit is for generating a clock signal. The sampling circuit receives a PWM signal and the clock signal, samples the PWM signal based on the clock signal, and generates a sampling signal. The calculation circuit is for calculating the duty cycle of the PWM signal based on the sampling signal.

Abstract: A system capable of identifying various possible technical malfunctions with an uninterruptible power supply system by detecting AC ripple on a power bus of the UPS system. A battery monitor is positioned on the terminal posts of one or more batteries of the UPS system. The monitor, since it is connected with the power bus, is configured to measure and/or record AC ripple on the power bus. At the monitor or by way of communicating the AC ripple to a remote database and server, excessive ripple changes may generate an alert when such changes exceed a threshold or may be viewed through a graphical user interface.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a high frequency measuring device so as to accurately measure plasma processing parameters within a chamber. A calibration parameter is calculated from a first set of three reference loads measured by a high frequency measurement device. A second calibration parameter is calculated from S parameters measured between a connection point where the high-frequency measuring device is connected and the inside of the chamber of a plasma processing device. A second set of three reference loads, which include the impedance previously calculated and encompass a range narrower than that encompassed by the first set of three reference loads, is measured with the reference loads in the chamber.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for fast impedance measurement of a biological object having dynamically varying in time parameters, wherein a titlet shaped pulse is introduced into the object and a voltage response signal is measured and analyzed by a processing unit for estimating the impedance of the object. The titlet pulse has a start frequency substantially in one end of the frequency range of interest and a stop frequency substantially in the other end of the frequency range of interest and a duration of the titlet pulse is one cycle or less.

Abstract: To accurately measure a frequency characteristic of a waveform generating apparatus, provided is a measurement apparatus that measures a frequency characteristic of a waveform generating apparatus generating a signal having a waveform corresponding to waveform data, comprising a control section that causes a plurality of sine wave signals having different frequencies to be sequentially output from the waveform generating apparatus; a measuring section that measures each of the sine wave signals output from the waveform generating apparatus; and a calculating section that calculates a frequency characteristic of the waveform generating apparatus based on the measurement results of the measuring section. The control section causes trigger signals to be output from the waveform generating apparatus and causes the sine wave signals to be output in synchronization with the trigger signals, and the measuring section measures a phase of each sine wave signal with the corresponding trigger signal as a reference.

Abstract: A frequency measuring apparatus includes: a counter section adapted to count a signal including a pulse signal for a predetermined time period, and output a binary count value corresponding to a frequency of the signal including the pulse signal; and a low pass filter section adapted to perform a filtering process on the count value, wherein the low pass filter section includes a first stage filter and a second stage filter, the first stage filter is a moving average filter to which the count value is input, and which provides a binary output with a high-frequency component reduced, and the second stage filter performs an average value calculation on the binary output to provide an output with the high-frequency component reduced.

Abstract: A spark detection device includes a sensing element and a comparing element. The sensing element is for sensing a spark signal to generate a sensing signal. A first end of the comparing element is coupled to the sensing element, and a second end of the comparing element is for receiving a threshold signal. The comparing element is for generating an output signal at an output end of the comparing element by performing a comparing operation according to the sensing signal and the threshold signal.

Abstract: A method for obtaining electric power information is applied with a power supply and includes following steps of coupling the power supply to an AC power source; detecting a voltage of the AC power source to obtain a first voltage; detecting a frequency of the AC power source to obtain a first frequency; and estimating an electric power information of the power supply in accordance with the first voltage and the first frequency. The electric power information includes an input current, an input voltage or an input power outputted from the AC power source to the power supply.

Abstract: Systems and corresponding methods for determining characteristics of an output signal generated by a high-frequency medical device using low-frequency measurement systems are disclosed. A digital measurement system includes an oscillator, a mixer, and a controller coupled to each other. The oscillator provides a reference signal having a second frequency. The mixer generates a down-converted signal based on the output signal and the reference signal. The controller then determines a characteristic of the output signal (e.g., frequency or phase) based on the down-converted signal. An analog measurement system includes a filter having a center frequency, a rectifier, and a controller. The filter filters the output signal and the rectifier rectifies the filtered signal. The controller samples the rectified signal and determines a characteristic of the output signal based on the level of the rectified signal.

Abstract: Better performance can be provided for a display system that has semiconductor microelectronic components such as demultiplexors, gate line and data line drivers, and pixel switches formed on the display substrate, e.g., a glass substrate that constitutes part of an active matrix display panel. A gate source capacitance of a constituent transistor of one of these microelectronic components, e.g., a pixel thin film transistor (TFT) that is part of a particular display element, may be measured using a replica component that emulates the behavior of the component.

Abstract: An indicator position detecting device and method are provided, which allow accurate position detection without the influence of noise in detection of the position of an indicator (e.g., a finger, a stylus pen) by a capacitive coupling system. To a conductor pattern in which plural conductors for signal transmission and plural conductors for signal reception intersect with each other, signals with frequencies different from each other are simultaneously supplied to the plural conductors on the transmission side, and signals of respective frequencies corresponding to the plural signals with the different frequencies are detected on the reception side, to thereby detect the position of an indicator on the conductor pattern. The amount of noise of each of the detected frequencies is detected. Any frequency that cannot be properly detected due to noise is switched to another frequency, and detection is carried out based on the newly selected frequency.

Abstract: A parameter calculating apparatus includes a signal generator that generates at least two input signals which each contain different frequency components; a signal inputting unit that inputs the input signals generated by the signal generator to respective ports of a test object at the same time; a frequency component deconstructing unit that deconstructs an output signal which is obtained by synthesizing the input signals input by the signal inputting unit and output from an output port into the frequency components; and a parameter calculator that calculates parameters which indicate transfer coefficients among ports of the test object based on output values of the frequency components obtained via the deconstruction performed by the frequency component deconstructing unit and on input values of the frequency components of the input signals input at the same time to a plurality of ports.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining analyte concentrations, for example glucose concentrations, that utilizes a dynamic determination of the appropriate time for making a glucose measurement, for example when a current versus time curve substantially conforms to a Cottrell decay, or when the current is established in a plateau region. Dynamic determination of the time to take the measurement allows each strip to operate in the shortest appropriate time frame, thereby avoiding using an average measurement time that may be longer than necessary for some strips and too short for others.

Abstract: A method for testing a signal comprises obtaining a signal, determining whether the signal has at least one period, measuring that period and providing the measurement as output. A power spectral density estimation can be used for signals having a single period, and an autocorrelation function with slicing can be used in an iterative procedure for finding multiple periods within signals.

Abstract: A frequency measuring apparatus includes: a counter section adapted to count a signal including a pulse signal for a predetermined time period, and output a binary count value corresponding to a frequency of the signal including the pulse signal; and a low pass filter section adapted to perform a filtering process on the count value, wherein the low pass filter section includes a first stage filter and a second stage filter, the first stage filter is a moving average filter to which the count value is input, and which provides a binary output with a high-frequency component reduced, and the second stage filter performs an average value calculation on the binary output to provide an output with the high-frequency component reduced.

Abstract: According to a reception passive intermodulation measurement method of the present invention, a device under test is set to the mismatching condition, and a standing wave is generated on a transmission line where the sample is connected. Since the tip of the transmission line is short-circuited using the sample, the sample is positioned at the anti-node of the standing wave, and test signals are applied at a high current density. System noise is calibrated with the tip of the transmission line being open. Since impedance matching is not required and terminators are not employed, a large measurement dynamic range is obtained without being affected by passive intermodulation that is generated in terminators. The sample is very small, and an arbitrary shape can be selected. The property measurement is enabled for a wide range of materials, regardless of a conductive material, an insulating material and a magnetic material.

Abstract: A frequency monitor provides high resolution frequency monitoring over a range of input signal frequencies by measuring the time period of the signal to produce a raw frequency value and then filtering the raw frequency value with a low pass filter to remove an error component caused by quantization effects at high input signal frequencies. The system automatically accommodates changes in the input frequency eliminating a need for manual adjustment of the system based on anticipated measured frequencies.

Abstract: A timing detection device includes a draw back amount acquiring unit and a detecting unit. The draw back amount acquiring unit is configured to acquire a draw back amount of a received signal with respect to a peak value of the signal. The detecting unit is configured to detect the timing at which the draw back amount acquired by the draw back amount acquiring unit has exceeded a constant value as the timing at which a value of the signal is switched.

Abstract: Circuitry includes a pre-amplifier having a differential output, where the differential output corresponds to a common mode voltage; a multiplexer including sets of transistors, each of which has a control input; a comparator including input terminals, a first terminal of the input terminals to receive a signal that is based on an output of the multiplexer, and a second terminal of the input terminals to receive a threshold voltage; a compensation circuit to produce a divided voltage that varies in accordance with variations in the common mode voltage; and an amplifier to receive a predefined voltage and to use the divided voltage to affect the predefined voltage to produce the threshold voltage for the comparator. Signals in the differential output of the pre-amplifier are applicable to corresponding control inputs in the sets of transistors.

Abstract: An integrated circuit comprises at least first and second frequency generating circuits, wherein each frequency generating circuit comprises a reference frequency source; a voltage controlled oscillator; and a feedback control circuit for controlling the voltage controlled oscillator to provide a desired output frequency signal. The output of the voltage controlled oscillator of the first frequency generating circuit is switched into the feedback control circuit of the second frequency generating circuit to provide a test signal for testing one or more components of the feedback control circuit of the second frequency generating circuit.

Abstract: A frequency measurement device for measuring a frequency of a signal to be measured including a pulse signal, includes: a signal multiplier section that multiplies the signal to be measured by n (n is an integer) and outputs a multiplied signal; a counter section that counts the multiplied signal with a predetermined gate time and outputs a count value of the frequency of the signal to be measured at a predetermined period; and a low-pass filter that outputs a signal corresponding to the frequency of the signal to be measured based on the count value outputted at the predetermined period.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus for providing a synchronized phasor in power system based on voltage and current measurements, sampling of the voltage and current measurements and convolving the samples with a function.

Abstract: A device and a method for frequency analysis. The frequency of an output signal is divided, and an auxiliary signal with a known frequency is subtracted from the low-frequency signal to define a low-frequency differential signal. The output frequency is determined on the basis of the frequency of the low-frequency differential signal.

Abstract: In a system for measuring at least one high-frequency signal, comprising at least one broadband probe and at least one measuring apparatus, each broadband probe and each measuring apparatus comprise a high-frequency connection for transmitting a high-frequency signal, and each measuring apparatus, or instead of a measuring apparatus each signal processing unit, comprises power supply connections for supplying power to each of the broadband probes, and comprise data signal connections for transmitting communication data between the measuring apparatus or signal processing unit and the broadband probe head.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a capacitor bank comprising a plurality of capacitor strings connected in parallel, each capacitor string comprising a plurality of capacitors connected in series is provided. The method includes energizing the capacitor bank. The method includes determining dissipation factors of each of the plurality of the capacitor strings. The method further includes comparing each of the determined dissipation factors with an expected dissipation factor and estimating a health state of the plurality of the capacitor strings based, at least in part, on the comparison of the determined and expected dissipation factors.

Abstract: A frequency measuring apparatus includes: a high-order digit calculation section adapted to measure an input signal and output a high-order digit value of a frequency value of the input signal; a low-order digit calculation section adapted to measure the input signal and output a low-order digit value of the frequency value of the input signal; and an adding section adapted to add the high-order digit value and the low-order digit value to each other to output the frequency value of the input signal.

Abstract: Apparatus, usable to measure current in a multiple-conductor cable having supply and return conductors spaced apart by a nominal conductor spacing and carrying respective supply and return currents in opposite directions, includes (1) a non-magnetic body having a cable-engaging portion defining a location and an orientation axis of the multiple-conductor cable relative to the apparatus when the cable-engaging portion engages the cable during use, (2) a planar, multi-turn wire coil supported by the body immediately adjacent to the location and lying in a plane parallel to the orientation axis, the wire coil having a coil diameter at least four times the nominal conductor spacing, and (3) signal conditioning circuitry operative in response to a voltage signal developed across output ends of the wire coil to generate a conditioned voltage signal having a voltage magnitude determined by and indicative of a magnitude of the supply current during use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to current measurement apparatus. The current measurement apparatus comprises first and second measurement devices with each of the first and second measurement devices being operative to measure current in a respective one of a live conductor and a neutral conductor substantially simultaneously. The current measurement apparatus is operative to make plural different determinations in dependence on the substantially simultaneous current measurements.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure include methods in which spurs generated by the drifting of an oscillation frequency of an oscillation signal provided by a free-running oscillator may be minimized and/or eliminated from an output signal of a phase locked loop (PLL). Methods include minimizing the mixing gain between the oscillation signal and a power signal provided to the PLL. The oscillation signal and the power signal may be mixed in a phase frequency detector (PFD) included in the PLL. The minimizing of the mixing gain for the PFD also minimizes the degrading effect that the spurs have on the overall performance of the communications device. The mixing gain may be minimized by minimizing the impedance provided at nodes included in the PFD where the oscillation signal and the power signal mix. The mixing gain may also be minimized by maximizing the power supply rejection ratio for the PFD.

Abstract: A method for measuring the frequency in a spin torque oscillator having at least a magnetic oscillation layer (MOL), junction layer, and magnetic reference layer (MRL) is disclosed. In a first embodiment, a small in-plane magnetic field is applied to the STO after a DC current is applied to excite the MOL into an oscillation state. The MRL has a perpendicular magnetization that is tilted slightly to give an in-plane magnetization component to serve as a reference layer for measuring the oscillation frequency of the MOL in-plane magnetization component. An AC voltage change is produced in the DC current as a result of variable STO resistance and directly correlates to MOL oscillation frequency. Alternatively, a field having both perpendicular and in-plane components may be applied externally or by forming the STO between two magnetic poles thereby producing an in-plane magnetization reference component in the MRL.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring frequency which reduces the impact of noise. The system and method includes the steps of sampling a signal train (2) over a first signal portion (t1) of the signal train, determining a first average period for the first signal portion (t1) of the signal train, sampling the signal train over a second signal portion (t2) of the signal train, wherein, the second portion of the signal train overlaps with the first signal portion, determining a second average period for the second signal portion (t2) of the output signal train, and then determining the average of the determined average periods.

Abstract: Various methods are described to characterize interferometric modulators or similar devices. Measured voltages across interferometric modulators may be used to characterize transition voltages of the interferometric modulators. Measured currents may be analyzed by integration of measured current to provide an indication of a dynamic response of the interferometric modulator. Frequency analysis may be used to provide an indication of a hysteresis window of the interferometric modulator or mechanical properties of the interferometric modulator. Capacitance may be determined through signal correlation, and spread-spectrum analysis may be used to minimize the effect of noise or interference on measurements of various interferometric modulator parameters.

Abstract: A method and system for remotely monitoring the status of a standby generator. The system includes a PLC transmitter in communication with the control unit for the generator. The PLC transmitter receives error codes from the control unit of the generator and transmits encoded error codes over the power distribution network in a home using a PLC frequency. A remote status display device can be connected to the power distribution network in the home at any convenient location. The remote status display device includes a PLC receiver that decodes the error codes. The decoded error codes are displayed on a display of the remote status display device for viewing by the home occupant at a location remote from the standby generator.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzer includes: two sets of measuring units having mixers, local oscillators, and IF sections for separately measuring frequency characteristics of two input signals; a trigger control section which generates a trigger signal for specifying a measurement start timing in each of the two sets of measuring units; a sweep control section which simultaneously sends an instruction to the two local oscillators when a trigger signal is inputted and performs a sweep control so that the two local oscillators output local oscillation signals of the same frequency at the same timing. This provides a frequency characteristics measuring device which can simplify the configuration for performing a measurement and reduce the undue effort required for the measurement.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a synchronous machine is described. The method includes injecting a narrowband sinusoidal signal at a first end of a field winding of the synchronous machine. The method further includes monitoring a voltage at a second end of the field winding with respect to ground. The method then identifies a resonant frequency based on the monitored voltage, and generates a winding health indicator based on the identified resonant frequency and an expected resonant frequency.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a measuring device may comprise two oscillators. The first oscillator may generate a local reference signal in a frequency detector to detect a fundamental frequency of the AC. The second oscillator may generate two substantially mutually orthogonal sinusoid signals having the selected frequency. The measuring device further may comprise a first group of multipliers that mixes the two sinusoid signals with a current and a voltage data signal of the AC respectively, a group of low-pass filters for removing high frequency components from the multiplication products, a second group of multipliers for mixing the filtered multiplication products respectively, and a plurality of adders each to sum together a pair of multiplication products of the second group of multipliers.

Abstract: An element measurement circuit is provided, comprising a oscillator for generating a first oscillation clock and second oscillation clock, a frequency divider for dividing the first oscillation clock to generate a third oscillation clock and for dividing the second oscillation clock to generate a fourth oscillation clock, a frequency detector for detecting the third oscillation clock to generate a first count value and for detecting the fourth oscillation clock to generate a second count value, and a controller for generating a first oscillation period according to the first count value, for generating a second oscillation period according to the second count value, and for generating a measurement value according to the first oscillation period and the second oscillation period.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting a resonance on a bus coupled to an inverter module. A method involves generating a first signal on the bus with a first frequency and sweeping the first signal from the first frequency to a second frequency. A second signal, which may be influenced by a characteristic of a component coupled to the bus, is obtained from the bus during the sweep of the first signal from the first frequency to the second frequency. The method further involves determining a resonant frequency based on the first signal and the second signal and updating the inverter module such that the resonant frequency is not used as a switching frequency for the inverter module.

Abstract: A measurement circuit and method for measuring a quiescent current of a circuit under test are provided. The measurement circuit comprises: a comparator having a first input terminal for receiving a reference voltage, a second input terminal coupled to the circuit under test, and an output terminal; a current source having a first terminal coupled to a first power supply voltage terminal, and a second terminal for providing a current to the circuit under test; a first switch having a first terminal coupled to the second terminal of the current source, a second terminal coupled to the circuit under test, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the comparator; and a first counter having a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the comparator, a second input terminal for receiving a clock signal, and an output terminal for providing a first counter value associated with the quiescent current.

Abstract: A digital power monitoring circuit for monitoring power through an output inductor of a switching power supply in accordance with an embodiment of the present application includes a first analog to digital converter receiving a current sense signal indicative of the current through the output inductor and providing a first digital signal including information regarding the current through the output inductor, a second analog to digital converter receiving a signal indicative of the output voltage of the switching power supply and providing a second digital signal containing information regarding the output voltage of the switching power supply; and a convolver circuit operable to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal and to provide a third digital signal including information regarding the power through the output inductor based on the first and second digital signals.

Abstract: A device and a method for frequency analysis. The frequency of an output signal is divided, and an auxiliary signal with a known frequency is subtracted from the low-frequency signal to define a low-frequency differential signal. The output frequency is determined on the basis of the frequency of the low-frequency differential signal.

Abstract: A method for measuring the mains frequency by a digital control system of an electrical appliance, in particular an electrical household appliance, in which the digital control system is prearranged for performing rigorous measurements of the value of the mains frequency and of its variations through an operation of calibration of the means for measurement of the mains frequency performed prior to marketing of the product.