Abstract: A frequency measuring apparatus includes: a counter section adapted to count a signal including a pulse signal for a predetermined time period, and output a binary count value corresponding to a frequency of the signal including the pulse signal; and a low pass filter section adapted to perform a filtering process on the count value, wherein the low pass filter section includes a first stage filter and a second stage filter, the first stage filter is a moving average filter to which the count value is input, and which provides a binary output with a high-frequency component reduced, and the second stage filter performs an average value calculation on the binary output to provide an output with the high-frequency component reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sensor system and a corresponding sensing method employing the sensor system. The sensor system comprises a sensor (12) having an input (20) and an output (22), a feedback path (16) from the output to the input, and a filter (14; 92) in the feedback path. The filter comprises a narrow band filter, which is tuned or tunable to a respective one of signals that are wanted signals and signals that represent interference signals. The sensor and the filter are arranged so as to alter the relative amplitudes of the wanted signals and the interference signals in order to increase the relative amplitude of the wanted signals and reduce the relative amplitude of the interference signals.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention is a method for monitoring a photovoltaic generator (1) for generating current with a number of solar cells connected between two external connections by repeated feeding of a current with a frequency spectrum into the generator current circuit, detecting thereby a respective frequency response in the frequency spectrum with the supplied current as the input variable and an electric variable of the generator as the output variable, and detecting a change in the frequency response for monitoring the photovoltaic generator (1) in the event of a change during repeated feeding.

Abstract: A testing device including low-pass filter with automatically switching function is disclosed in the present invention, comprising: a control circuit used to control the operation of the testing device and provide a reference frequency (Fr); a frequency detection circuit, connected to the input end and the control circuit and used to output a high frequency control signal; a low-pass filter connected to the frequency detection circuit, used to filter the testing signal of the input end to output a frequency signal; a frequency evaluation circuit connected to the control circuit and to the frequency signal outputted from the low-pass filter, the frequency evaluation circuit outputting a medium frequency control signal to the low-pass filter and outputting a frequency testing value to a display at the same time; and a voltage measuring circuit, connected to the low-pass filter and the control circuit and used to output a voltage measuring value to the display.

Abstract: The present invention relates a motor controller and a motor control method of controlling a motor having a stator coil and a rotator.

Abstract: A battery assembly for use in an aircraft. The battery assembly may include a battery and a circuit configured to monitor the battery in situ. The circuit may include at least one sensor positioned to sense at least one property of the battery and a processor in communication with the sensor. The battery assembly may also include a battery housing, wherein the battery and the circuit are positioned within the battery housing. A method for evaluating a battery in an electric device. The method may include collecting operational information from the battery. The operational information may be collected without removing the battery from the electric device. The method may also include comparing the operational information to a degradation routine describing a property of the battery and calculating a capacity of the battery.

Abstract: A system for measuring the time interval of a signal. The second signal has a frequency higher than a frequency of the first signal. According to one embodiment, the system includes an electronic circuit for determining an approximation of the time based on a period of the second signal and for determining an adjustment to the approximation based on the second signal and a third signal corresponding to the second signal and aligned with the first signal. The length of the adjustment is less than the period of the second signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting a resonance on a bus coupled to an inverter module. A method comprises generating a first signal on the bus with a first frequency and sweeping the first signal from the first frequency to a second frequency. A second signal, which may be influenced by a characteristic of a component coupled to the bus, is obtained from the bus during the sweep of the first signal from the first frequency to the second frequency. The method further comprises determining a resonant frequency based on the first signal and the second signal and updating the inverter module such that the resonant frequency is not used as a switching frequency for the inverter module.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring objects for measurement, by means of a network analyzer with several measurement ports, at least one signal generator, for stimulating the object for measurement and at least one local oscillator, for measurement of the signal transmitted or reflected from the object for measurement by the superposition principle. According to the invention, on a frequency change, only the frequency of the local oscillator or the frequency of the signal generator is changed but not the frequency of the local oscillator and the signal generator simultaneously.

Abstract: Methods for determining timestamps for signal timing edges for use in, e.g., a reciprocal counter for determining the frequency of a signal is disclosed, comprising the steps of inputting the signal into a tapped delay line, producing a plurality of delay line tap signals at the output of each of the delay line taps. In one embodiment, after detecting the signal timing edge and determining an initial time value corresponding to the timer clock cycle count at the signal timing edge or the next clock timing edge, the delay line tap signals are monitored to determine a fractional correction time value adjustment to be made to the initial value to account for the delay between the signal timing edge and the next clock timing edge to determine the timestamp. In another embodiment, after detecting the signal timing edge, the average of a plurality of delay line timer clock cycle counts corresponding to the timer clock cycle counts at the delay line tap signal timing edges is used to determine the timestamp.

Abstract: A circuit for measuring maximum operating frequency and its corresponding duty cycle for an input I/O cell implementation under test (IUT) includes a condition checking module, a central control module and a duty cycle measurement module. The condition checking module checks an upper threshold voltage and a lower threshold voltage. The central control module controls a plurality of operations for measuring the frequency. The duty cycle measurement module measures the duty cycle and finally all these modules together and calculates maximum operating frequency of the IUT.

Abstract: A method of preparing a signal for measurement includes receiving the signal and selecting a first edge and a second edge within the signal. The method also includes delivering the first edge to a time interval measurement system after expiration of a first delay period and delivering the second edge to a time interval measurement system after expiration of a second delay period.

Abstract: An adaptive measurement system measures a transition rate associated with an output of a device. An input signal that is characteristic of the output of the device is received by an input signal-to-frequency converter, which changes state based upon a characteristic of the input signal. The input signal-to-frequency converter provides a second signal, which reflects the state changes of the input signal-to-frequency converter. The second signal is sampled over a sample period and an instance of average transition rate is determined. A control subsystem may use the instance of average transition rate for regulating the device.

Abstract: Voltage instantaneous value time-series estimation data and a present-time voltage estimation value are calculated by using an actually-measured frequency and voltage instantaneous value time-series data according to a least square method. A present-time voltage effective value is determined by using the calculated voltage instantaneous value time-series estimation data, and a present-time synchrophasor, a voltage distortion degree and an inter-bus-line synchrophasor phase angle difference are determined by using the present-time voltage effective value and the present-time voltage estimation value.

Abstract: A small light-weight battery operated calibrator device provides a precise sine wave output for use in calibration of test equipment, such as a RF Power Meter or a Spectrum Analyzer. The calibration device includes two power levels, one ?40 dBm and one 0 dBm. The purpose of the two power levels is to obtain a slope and offset for correction of the RF power measuring device being calibrated. Operation indication LED lights are provided to indicate which of the two powers are in use, and if battery power is below acceptable levels. Miniature low power components including a crystal oscillator and a divide by 2 integrated circuit that generates a precise square wave and a low pass filter for converting the square wave into a precise sine wave allows the calibrator to be battery operated and stored as a calibration component.

Abstract: A method for measuring the mains frequency by a digital control system of an electrical appliance, in particular an electrical household appliance, in which the digital control system is prearranged for performing rigorous measurements of the value of the mains frequency and of its variations through an operation of calibration of the means for measurement of the mains frequency performed prior to marketing of the product.

Abstract: In the present invention, a measured realtime accurate frequency is used to determine estimated instantaneous voltage/current time-series data for each phase component in accordance with the least-squares method. The estimated instantaneous voltage/current time-series data are used to determine effective voltage, effective current, instantaneous active electric power, instantaneous reactive electric power, effective active electric power, and effective reactive electric power of each phase component and symmetrical component. The measured AC electric quantities are applied to any type of electric power system control/protection apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a frequency measurement apparatus which is arranged in such a way as to obtain an amplitude, chord length and rotation phase angle of a voltage rotation vector by means of an integration method, and furthermore, obtain a change rate of the rotation phase angle, and a rotational acceleration change rate of the rotation vector, and measure a dynamic frequency by determining a frequency change rate for every step.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide systems and methods for using a PLL and a high frequency generator outside the loop to obtain the fmax of the divider. The divider in the PLL loop is fed by a VCO and its operation range is characterized by measuring the PLL lock range. An identical copy of the same divider is used outside the PLL loop and it is fed by a higher frequency clock. The high frequency clock is generated by the multiple phase of the VCO. By characterizing the outputs from both dividers, the fmax of the divider is obtained.

Abstract: A testing device including low-pass filter with automatically switching function is disclosed in the present invention, comprising: a control circuit used to control the operation of the testing device and provide a reference frequency (Fr); a frequency detection circuit, connected to the input end and the control circuit and used to output a high frequency control signal; a low-pass filter connected to the frequency detection circuit, used to filter the testing signal of the input end to output a frequency signal; a frequency evaluation circuit connected to the control circuit and to the frequency signal outputted from the low-pass filter, the frequency evaluation circuit outputting a medium frequency control signal to the low-pass filter and outputting a frequency testing value to a display at the same time; and a voltage measuring circuit, connected to the low-pass filter and the control circuit and used to output a voltage measuring value to the display.

Abstract: An electrical touch sensor is provided. The electrical touch sensor includes: a touch detection part having at least one touch pad and generating a first signal having a same delay time regardless of whether the object is in contact with the touch pad and a second signal having a varied delay time according to whether the object is in contact with the touch pad; and a contact signal generator generating a contact signal in response to the delay time-difference between the first and second signals. Therefore, it is possible to increase operation reliability by precisely determining whether the object is in contact with the pad, when the object has charge accumulation characteristics more than a certain level, although its conductive is insufficient. In addition, the electrical touch sensor can determine whether the object is in contact with the pad using only one pad to reduce a layout area of a product.

Abstract: A frequency measurement device includes: a short gate time counter section that continuously measures a pulse stream signal supplied, and outputs a series of count values that behave like a pulse stream corresponding to a frequency of the pulse stream signal; and a low-pass filter that removes high frequency components from the series of count values to obtain a level signal corresponding to the frequency of the pulse stream signal supplied.

Abstract: A method of instantaneously determining or estimating the frequency of an input signal includes mixing a digitally sampled and quantized input signal (12) by a time shifted replica of the input signal (12), where the time shift equals an integer multiple of a sampling period of the input signal (12), thereby producing a mixed signal. The mixed signal is filtered with a low-pass filter producing a filtered signal, which is used to obtain an estimate of the frequency of the input signal. The invention extends to an apparatus (8) for implementing the method in accordance with the invention. The invention also extends to a method of determining or estimating the amplitude of an input signal (12).

Abstract: Various methods are described to characterize interferometric modulators or similar devices. Measured voltages across interferometric modulators may be used to characterize transition voltages of the interferometric modulators. Measured currents may be analyzed by integration of measured current to provide an indication of a dynamic response of the interferometric modulator. Frequency analysis may be used to provide an indication of a hysteresis window of the interferometric modulator or mechanical properties of the interferometric modulator. Capacitance may be determined through signal correlation, and spread-spectrum analysis may be used to minimize the effect of noise or interference on measurements of various interferometric modulator parameters.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for computing the frequency of a low frequency wave. The system includes: a wave producer (3) configured for sending out a first wave with a high frequency; a device (4) configured for sending out a second wave with a low frequency to be computed, the first wave and the second wave interfering with each other thereby producing a third wave; a sensor (2) configured for receiving the third wave; and a computer (1) installed with wave analyzing software and linked with the sensor, and configured for receiving and analyzing the third wave to compute the frequency of the second wave.

Abstract: A method of magnetron sputtering, comprises rotating a magnet of a magnetron with an angular frequency ?, and, during sputtering of material from a source of the magnetron onto a substrate, periodically modulating a power level applied to the source with at least a component comprising a frequency f which is a harmonic of the angular frequency ? of rotation of the magnet other than the first harmonic.

Abstract: A clock device is provided for generating a real-time clock. The clock device includes a frequency generator, a measuring module, a setting module and a timing module. The frequency generator generates a frequency signal. The measuring module is coupled to the frequency generator for measuring the frequency signal and generating a measuring frequency value. The setting module is coupled to the measuring module for generating an error setting value corresponding to the measuring frequency value. The timing module is coupled to the frequency generator and the setting module for compensating the frequency signal according to the error setting value and generating the real-time clock.

Abstract: A detection device for detecting an oscillator is provided. The detection device includes an oscillator control circuit, a frequency-decreasing circuit and a display circuit. The oscillator control circuit is used for outputting the oscillator signal of the oscillator. The frequency-decreasing circuit is connected to the output of the oscillator control circuit and has a capacitor suitable for charging and discharging and a resistor, which can adjust the time constant of the oscillator signal. The display circuit is connected to the frequency-decreasing circuit for showing the output signal of the frequency-decreasing circuit. The detection device can decide whether the oscillator is normal or broken by observing a component of the display circuit, for example, the twinkling of a light emitting diode of the display circuit.

Abstract: A radio-frequency circuit has a signal processing unit for processing a symmetrical input signal, two signal inputs for receiving the symmetrical input signal, a connection which is used as a ground point for the symmetrical signal, and a line which connects the signal inputs and has a length which essentially corresponds to an odd-numbered multiple of half the wavelength of the input signal. A method for testing a radio-frequency circuit having a signal processing unit for processing a symmetrical input signal is additionally provided.

Abstract: In a test circuit, an oscillation signal is generated based on a design rule pattern of a chip formed on a wafer. The oscillation signal is counted using a counter, and an N-bit signal is generated from the counting of the oscillation signal. The N-bit signal is serialized and output. In a test method, an oscillation signal is generated based on a design rule pattern of a chip formed on a wafer. The oscillation signal is counted, and an N-bit signal is generated based on the counting of the oscillation signal. The N-bit signal is serialized and output.

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel injector having a piezoelectric actuator that is operable by applying an electrical drive pulse thereto to activate and deactivate the injector. The method includes monitoring an electrical characteristic of the actuator during a predetermined time period, determining a time-domain data sample corresponding to the monitored electrical characteristic during the predetermined time period, determining a frequency spectrum signature corresponding to the time-domain data sample, and comparing the frequency spectrum signature of the monitored electrical characteristic to a predetermined frequency spectrum signature indicative of an injector event.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the frequency of a cyclically-repeating electrical signal by: passing the electrical signal through a network of sequentially-activated gates, in which the first gate detects the leading edge of each cycle of the electrical signal, and each of the remaining gates, when activated, applies a predetermine propagation delay to the detected leading edges; determining the gates which were activated at the beginning, and at the end, of a predetermined time window; determining the difference in the total propagation delays at the outputs of the activated gates; and utilizing the differences in the total propagation delays in determining the frequency of the electrical signal.

Abstract: A test circuit for identification of locations with low speed performance. A grid of ring oscillator units and switches connect or disconnect the ring oscillator units to or from each other, such that the locations with low speed performance are identified according to frequencies of oscillation signals generated by rows and columns of ring oscillators respectively formed by operating the test circuit in two different modes.

Abstract: A method of using a vector network analyzer (VNA) for coordinated Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio (VSWR) and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measurement includes configuring the VNA for identifying discontinuities correlated to a VSWR lobe. In some embodiments, the method includes identifying a largest VSWR lobe in a frequency band of interest, using phase data associated with an S11 scattering parameter to find the correct electrical delay required to align Low Pass Step Transform data, and configuring the Low Pass Step Transform span and center time to align coherent inductive and capacitive discontinuities relative to grid lines of a TDR display. In some embodiments, the method is automated.

Abstract: A method for detecting commutation pulses of a fan motor with continuous measurement and storage of voltage values that are proportional to the fan current within predetermined time intervals. The measured voltage values are continuously evaluated by comparing two measured values that were obtained at different times. A result signal is outputted if the deviation between the compared measured values fulfills a predetermined constraint.

Abstract: A frequency measuring device capable of accurately detecting an end point of polishing a semiconductor wafer by obtaining a frequency measurement result highly accurately in a short period of time. A device FC, which measures the frequency of a measured signal comprises a counting section including a plurality of n-nary counters, a time reference circuit which outputs a time reference signal for every predetermined time interval, and a plurality of gate circuits whose outputs are connected to the inputs of the n-nary counters. The gate circuits receive the measured signal at a first input and receive the time reference signal at the predetermined time intervals at a second input. With this structure, the counting section supplies the frequency measured result of the measured signal every predetermined time interval.

Abstract: A power supply device for an installation for testing electronic components. The power supply device includes a first, high-frequency, supply source, a second, low-frequency, supply source, and a control module. The first, high-frequency, supply source includes a high-frequency amplification stage capable of outputting a first current (i1) for a first time interval. The second, low-frequency, supply source has a low-frequency amplification stage capable of outputting a second current (i2) for a second time interval, the second time interval being longer than the first time interval. The control module is adapted to selectively activate either the first source and then the second source, thereby outputting a current of the order of i1 for a time interval greater than the first time interval or only the first source, thereby outputting a current of the order of i1 for a time interval less than or equal to the first time interval. The control module responds to the needs of an electronic component under test.

Abstract: A frequency measurement circuit measures a frequency of an input signal. The frequency measurement circuit includes a frequency measurement unit for counting a reference clock during a counting period having a predetermined number of waves of the input signal. The frequency measurement unit counts the reference clock by using a lighter amount of weighting to each count at a starting time and an ending time of the counting period than the amount of weighting at the other times of the counting period.

Abstract: The present invention is a method, system, and product for testing operating characteristics of a continuous-time or discrete-time device under test, which is included within a circuit. The operating characteristics of the continuous-time or discrete-time device are tested utilizing electronic components that already exist within the circuit such that a test circuit is not utilized to test the device. The circuit includes a variable gain amplifier and an automatic gain correction (AGC) circuit. The operating characteristics of the device are tested utilizing the variable gain amplifier and said AGC circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting currents in a three-phase power transmission system includes a first detection circuit electrically coupled to a first phase of the three-phase transmission system, a second detection circuit electrically coupled to a second phase of the three-phase transmission system different than the first phase, and an event output switch electrically coupled to the first detection circuit and the second detection circuit and configured to actuate when a subsynchronous current at least one of the first phase and the second phase exceeds a pre-selected subsynchronous current setpoint.

Abstract: This invention discloses circuitry for signal measurement including a signal input, a microprocessor, and an oscillator, the oscillator being operable to generate a pulse signal, the frequency of which is a function of amplitude of a first signal received at the signal input, and to supply the pulse signal to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor being operable to measure the frequency of the pulse signal by comparing the pulse signal with a timing signal, thereby providing an indication of the amplitude of the first signal.

Abstract: Measurements are obtained of a signal within each one of multiple ranges of a parameter. For each range a representative measurement value is derived together with the extent of the range. A respective graphical display element is defined for each range of the parameter, a first dimension of each display element (such as its height) being indicative of the representative measurement value for the respective range of the parameter, and a second dimension of the display element (such as its width) being indicative of the extent of that respective range of the parameter. A display of the measured signal throughout the multiple ranges of the parameter is generated, with the graphical display elements superimposed at positions corresponding to the respective ranges of the parameter.

Abstract: The present invention is a method, system, and product for testing operating characteristics of a continuous-time or discrete-time device under test, which is included within a circuit. The operating characteristics of the continuous-time or discrete-time device are tested utilizing electronic components that already exist within the circuit such that a test circuit is not utilized to test the device. The circuit includes a variable gain amplifier and an automatic gain correction (AGC) circuit. The operating characteristics of the device are tested utilizing the variable gain amplifier and said AGC circuit.

Abstract: A frequency measurement circuit comprises a plurality of frequency measurement units 10, 20, K0 each of which counts a reference clock Cb during a counting period having a predetermined number of waves of an input signal Cin, each of the frequency measurement units counts the reference clock, with shifted counting periods, respectively. Moreover, an adder 14 is provided to add the counted numbers of the plurality of the frequency measurement units. By shift the counting periods, even if the phase of the input signal agrees with the phase of the reference clock at the time counting starts and at the time counting ends on a certain frequency measurement unit, there is scarcely any possibility of agreement of the phases on other frequency measurement units. Therefore, by utilization of the added number of counts, frequency can be measured with high accuracy. In addition, by making the counting periods being shifted with overlaping each other, extension of the measurement time is not required any longer.

Abstract: The invention relates to installations for testing components, particularly electronic chips having a permanently-increasing performance, especially in terms of current supported over long periods. In order to perform said tests correctly, the invention provides for a device that can deliver currents of up to and of the order of 200 A in a few microseconds. For this purpose, the device comprises a time-dependent power chopper (PWM) linked to a high-frequency linear amplifier (HFLA).

Abstract: In accomplishing an LC-oscillation VCO circuit which is immune to frequency deviation and a frequency-hopping radio communication apparatus using the VCO circuit, a modulation semiconductor integrated circuit device is designed to control the LC-oscillation VCO directly with data to be transmitted thereby implementing the modulation and switch the carrier frequency for frequency hopping. The integrated circuit device includes a current adjusting circuit which varies the current value of a D/A conversion circuit for producing a control voltage of VCO in accordance with the carrier frequency so that the variation of a modulation control voltage of VCO has a characteristic that is opposite to the characteristic of modulation frequency deviation, thereby nullifying the modulation frequency deviation of VCO.

Abstract: A method for measuring composite distortion levels using a coherent multicarrier RF signal generator having incrementally related frequencies is disclosed. The invention provides for the use of a coherent multicarrier signal generator that permits arbitrary RF carrier phase control on an individual carrier basis in order to enable sequential distortion measurements under varying carrier phase conditions. In order to obtain measurement results that match those obtained by the use of prior art non-coherent signal sources, the present invention provides for averaging of distortion measurement results over a ‘phase configuration ensemble’ that is obtained by multiple sequential measurements, in which the individual carrier phases for each measurement are preselected at random.

Abstract: A protective relay determines frequency of an AC signal of an electric power system. The protective relay includes a circuit measuring the AC signal period between zero crossings to provide a measured period value. A microprocessor includes a random access memory having a five-element array, which collects five consecutive values of the measured period values. A microprocessor routine chooses a median from the measured period values and generally determines the frequency based upon the median. The median is ignored and the previously determined line cycle period is adjusted to determine the new line cycle period if: an absolute value of a difference between a last value of the measured period values and a previously determined line cycle period is not less than a predetermined value; and the last value of the measured period values is within the limits of the array.

Abstract: A method of testing and/or monitoring the system frequency of a microcontroller, in which the working frequency of a voltage-regulated oscillator or VCO, which is in an operative connection with the microcontroller, is measured, and the system frequency being determined and/or checked on the basis of the measured working voltage.

Abstract: A common reference signal is applied from the same reference signal generating portion to a reference signal input terminal of a signal under test generator and a reference signal input terminal of a sampling signal generator circuit. A sampling frequency is set to the sampling signal generator circuit such that a desired delay time can be obtained relevant to a phase of a signal under test. In the sampling signal generator circuit, the sampling signal having a cycle that corresponds to the sampling frequency is generated based on the common reference signal and the sampling frequency. A repetition cycle of the signal under test and a repetition cycle of the sampling signal are set based on a cycle of the common reference signal so that the repetition cycle of the sampling signal can be set independently of the repetition cycle of the signal under test.