Abstract: An apparatus includes a tube including an inner surface, an inner diameter, and a length. The apparatus also includes a coil spring. The coil spring includes an outer surface, an outer diameter, and a plurality of coil elements arranged along a length of the coil spring. The coil spring can be positioned within the tube and the outer diameter of the coil spring can be less than the inner diameter of the tube. The coil spring can form a waveguide. Related methods of manufacture and systems are also described herein.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a tube including an inner surface, an inner diameter, and a length. The apparatus also includes a coil spring. The coil spring includes an outer surface, an outer diameter, and a plurality of coil elements arranged along a length of the coil spring. The coil spring can be positioned within the tube and the outer diameter of the coil spring can be less than the inner diameter of the tube. The coil spring can form a waveguide. Related methods of manufacture and systems are also described herein.

Abstract: A waveguide arrangement for transmitting microwaves, and for measuring a limit level or a filling level, is provided, the waveguide arrangement for transmitting microwaves including a waveguide tube having a rectangular or elliptical inner cavity and an outer wall; and a jacket, an inner wall of which corresponds at least in sections with a shape of the outer wall of the waveguide tube.

Abstract: A conformable waveguide for conveyance of high frequency radio signals including a hollow component having a smooth interior surface and an obround cross section, the obround cross section defined as having parallel opposing sides connected by two rounded opposing ends, where the parallel opposing sides are separated by a first distance, where vertices of the two rounded opposing ends are separated by a second distance, and where the second distance is greater than the first distance.

Abstract: Helically reinforced, flexible tubing or hose is formed from continuously extruded thermoplastic material helically circumferentially wound at a wrapping station around an array of bearing-supported rods that are concurrently but individually turned and are adjustably canted relative to an imaginary center axis. The tubing or hose being formed has a continuous reinforcing rib helically wound therearound and continuously integrally connected thereto. The resulting tubing or hose may be transversely severed at intervals along its length to provide discrete lengths of hose that are annealed while axially compressed to relieve stress.

Abstract: The invention provides a connector-attached dielectric waveguide that allows the dielectric waveguide to be easily connectable with an opposite component and is capable of forming a connection structure exhibiting low transmission and return losses of a high frequency signal. The connector-attached dielectric waveguide includes a dielectric waveguide and a connector. The dielectric waveguide includes a dielectric waveguide body and a dielectric waveguide end. The dielectric waveguide end has a smaller cross-sectional area than the dielectric waveguide body.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board having at least a set of strip line transmission path by being provided with a signal line, and a pair of ground layers and, includes a pleated part PL having a plurality of curved portions which are curved so as to be opened or closed, in which in the ground layers, mesh ground layers in which conductive portions are provided in a mesh shape, and solid ground layers in which the conductive portions are provided in a planar state, are provided, in which the mesh ground layers are arranged on an outer peripheral side of the curved portions PL2, and the solid ground layers are arranged on an inner peripheral side of the curved portions.

Abstract: A waveguide is provided that includes an elongate dielectric inner region, and an electrically conducting outer region spaced apart from the dielectric inner region. The dielectric inner region may be arranged to be flexible, and in some examples may be formed from powdered dielectric contained in a polymer tube or matrix, or in other examples may be formed from a plurality of segments. In some examples of the waveguide, each segment may be formed to have lenticular end faces, and may be formed from sintered BaTi4O9.

Abstract: A flexible cable for carrying RF signals and method of manufacturing same. The cable includes an elongate base substrate including a dielectric layer with an upper metal layer deposited on one side and a lower metal layer deposited on its other side. It further includes two parallel spaced-apart series of vias formed along the length of the base substrate, each via electrically interconnecting the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer, whereby a rectangular cross-sectional waveguide is provided between the upper metal layer, the lower metal layer and the two series of vias.

Abstract: A waveguide is provided that includes an elongate dielectric inner region, and an electrically conducting outer region spaced apart from the dielectric inner region. The dielectric inner region may be arranged to be flexible, and in some examples may be formed from powdered dielectric contained in a polymer tube or matrix, or in other examples may be formed from a plurality of segments. In some examples of the waveguide, each segment may be formed to have lenticular end faces, and may be formed from sintered BaTi4O9.

Abstract: A Radio-Frequency (RF) waveguide comprising at least a folded sheet (3) is described, wherein the sheet comprises a first layer made of a plastic, and at least a second layer made of a electric conductive material. Furthermore a method for manufacturing such a RF waveguide plus a device to perform said method is described.

Abstract: Provided is an electromagnetic wave transmission medium which is suited for mass production and does not affect a transmission mode. The electromagnetic wave transmission medium includes, as a main element, a flexible cylindrical tube (1) molded so that a cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical tube in a direction orthogonal to a tube axis is uniform in a direction of the tube axis. The cylindrical tube (1) includes an inner wall formed of a conductive layer having a thickness equal to or more than a skin depth. The cross-sectional shape is a circular ridge waveguide shape having a ridge (1b) which is oriented to a cylindrical axis and is symmetric with respect to a center, and the ridge (1b) has a structure to be fed with electricity.

Abstract: A waveguide in semiconductor integrated circuit is disclosed, the waveguide comprises a horizontal first metal plate, a horizontal second metal plate above the first metal plate, separated by an insulation material, and a plurality of metal vias positioned in two parallel lines, running vertically through the insulation material in contacts with both the first and second metal plates, wherein the first and second metal plates and the plurality of metal vias form a metal enclosure in a cross-sectional view that can serve as a waveguide.

Abstract: A printed wiring board includes a board made of insulator; a wiring pattern to transfer an electric signal which is made of patterned metallic conductor and formed on at least one of a main surface and a rear surface of the board; and an electric power layer formed on at least one of the main surface and the rear surface of the board; wherein the electric power layer includes a mechanism for controlling a characteristic impedance of the printed wiring board.

Abstract: In order to provide a microwave-conducting arrangement, which is relatively easy, and thus cost-favorable, to fabricate, and which is suited also for complex structures and geometries, one or more electrically conductive layers are provided which are applied on a non-conductive body having a surface of any shape. A metallizing provided for such purpose on the surface of the body is, for example, produced by a vapor-deposition process, by means of a flame-spraying process, or by means of a chemical metallizing.

Abstract: A flexible waveguide has a flexible wall enclosing an elongated cylindrical passage for transmission of an electromagnetic wave along the passage. A succession of corrugations is disposed along an interior surface of the wall facing the passage. The corrugations are spaced apart by a distance less than approximately 0.2 wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, each of the corrugations having a height greater than the distance but less than approximately 0.5 wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and each corrugation having a curved surface to minimize loss in the transmission of the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A flexible waveguide has a flexible wall enclosing an elongated cylindrical passage for transmission of an electromagnetic wave along the passage. A succession of corrugations is disposed along an interior surface of the wall facing the passage. The corrugations are spaced apart by a distance less than approximately 0.2 wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, each of the corrugations having a height greater than the distance but less than approximately 0.5 wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and each corrugation having a curved surface to minimize loss in the transmission of the electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heating or drying material by applying radio frequency (RF) power to a material in a resonant cavity; wherein an RF power source is inductively coupled to a resonant cavity formed by distributed inductance in resonance with the applicator and material where the magnetic field established by the feed line(s) induces a voltage on the applicator permitting feed line voltages delivering said RF power to the cavity to be lower than those that would normally be encountered for equivalent RF heating using direct coupling.

Abstract: A flat radiating cable in which conductive layers are not adhered to a dielectric core. Each of the conductive layers comprises a resilient material which resists kinking and is capable of longitudinal translation with respect to the core and/or the other conductive layer.

Abstract: A data transmission micromagnetic integrated circuit having a ferromagnetic core, a method of manufacture therefor and a data transmission circuit employing the same. In one embodiment, the micromagnetic integrated circuit includes: (1) a substrate; (2) an insulator coupled to the substrate and (3) a metallic adhesive that forms a bond between the insulator and the ferromagnetic core to secure the ferromagnetic core to the substrate.

Abstract: A bending mechanism for flexible waveguide uses a combination of an elongate arm (1), two short bracket arms (3 & 7) and a gear train (5, 11, 13 & 9) linking the bracket arms to bend a flexible waveguide (24) over a range of positions. The bend is formed to the shape of a circular arc the radius of which varies with the position. Each short bracket arm is pivotally connected (15 & 17) to a respective end of the elongate arm and to a respective one of the waveguide's two end flanges (23 & 25). Each bracket arm contains a gear that rotates with the respective bracket arm about the bracket arm's pivot; and an even number of gears interlinks those gears whereby pivotal movement of one of the flanges in a clockwise direction produces an effective relative pivotal movement of the other flange.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power micromagnetic integrated circuit having a ferromagnetic core, a method of manufacture therefor and a power processing circuit employing the same, that includes: (1) a substrate; (2) an insulator coupled to the substrate and (3) a metallic adhesive that forms a bond between the insulator and the ferromagnetic core to secure the ferromagnetic core to the substrate.

Abstract: A device including a flexible circuit disposed within a conductive tube. The circuit may include a flexible substrate and one or more circuit elements. The circuit may have circuit elements on one or both sides, and the substrate may be multi-layered. The tube may have any one of many cross-sectional shapes, including circular, oval, square, and rectangular.

Abstract: A description is given of a microwave component which includes a microwave conductor arrangement for conducting electromagnetic waves and a gyromagnetic material which is provided in operative contact with the electromagnetic waves and can be subjected to a magnetic field of adjustable field strength in that the gyromagnetic material, at least one magnet for generating the magnetic field, and a magnetic tuning member, whose magnetic conductivity can be varied in order to adjust the magnetic field strength, are arranged in a magnetic circuit.

Abstract: A scanned antenna array and the ferrite scanning source controlling the array which includes a ferrite scanning line source (21) comprising a ferrite element (23) having an RF input (25), a current source (31) extending through the ferrite element and a plurality of RF outputs (27) spaced apart along the ferrite element and an antenna element (33) coupled to each of the RF outputs. Each of the RF outputs is equally spaced apart from adjacent RF outputs. The ferrite element has an input end portion and an output end portion and an axis therebetween, the RF outputs being disposed along the axis. The ferrite element comprises a pair of ferrite toroids (43, 45) spaced apart by a layer of dielectric material (47), the RF outputs (49) being disposed in the dielectric material.

Abstract: The magnetostatic wave device comprises a single crystal substrate made of Gd.sub.3 Ga.sub.5 O.sub.12, a magnetic garnet single crystal film provided on the single crystal substrate and at least one transducer provided on the magnetic garnet single crystal film. The magnetic garnet single crystal film has {111} plane and is made of a material expressed by the formula (YR.sub.1).sub.3 (FeR.sub.2).sub.5 O.sub.12, where R.sub.1 is at least one element selected from La, Bi, Lu and Gd, R.sub.2 is at least one element selected from Ga, Al, In and Sc and Y and Fe are the main components with respect to R.sub.1 and R.sub.2. In the magnetostatic wave device, a DC magnetic field is applied to the magnetic garnet single crystal film so that a magnetostatic surface wave propagates on the magnetic garnet single crystal film in a direction of <110> axis on {111} plane of the magnetic garnet single crystal film.

Abstract: A magnetostatic-wave device includes a dielectric substrate on which parallel first electrically conductive lines are formed. A magnetostatic-wave device formed of a gadolinium-gallium-garnet (GGG) substrate on which yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) thin films are formed is disposed on the first electrically conductive lines. Crossed second electrically conductive lines are formed on a YIG thin film. Lands are formed at both ends of these electrically conductive lines and are connected to each other with bonding wire to form one electrically conductive line. Input and output ends are formed between both ends of this electrically conductive line and the ground.

Abstract: The present invention relates to circulators for microwave frequencies and higher frequencies. The circulator (100;200;300) of the invention comprises a waveguide system, the waveguide system being situated in a waveguide house. A hole (111,211,311) is arranged in a first waveguide wall (171;271;371) of the waveguide system. A tubular piston (114;214;314) is arranged so that it can slide in the hole. A package, comprising ferrite material (132,135;235,235;332,335) in the shape of pucks, is arranged between a second waveguide wall (174;274;374) and the tubular piston, the second waveguide wall being opposite to the first waveguide wall. The tubular piston is pressed in the direction of the package. That end (117;217;317) of the tubular piston that faces away from the second waveguide wall is open, and slits (120;220;320) are arranged at this end, the slits stretching mainly in the direction of the tubular piston.

Abstract: The present invention relates to circulators for microwave frequencies and higher frequencies. The circulator (100;200;300) of the invention comprises a waveguide system, the waveguide system being situated in a waveguide house. A hole (111,211,311) is arranged in a first waveguide wall (171;271;371) of the waveguide system. A tubular piston (114;214;314) is arranged so that it can slide in the hole. A package, comprising ferrite material (132,135;235,235;332,335) in the shape of pucks, is arranged between a second waveguide wall (174;274;374) and the tubular piston, the second waveguide wall being opposite to the first waveguide wall. The tubular piston is pressed in the direction of the package. That end (117;217;317) of the tubular piston that faces away from the second waveguide wall is open, and slits (120;220;320) are arranged at this end, the slits stretching mainly in the direction of the tubular piston.

Abstract: In a planar gyrator, parallel transmission lines are positioned proximal to a magnetized gyrotropic substrate. Input and output transducers couple the ends of the transmission lines to corresponding input and output ports. The input and output transducers are configured to excite first and second partial wave fields on the transmission lines of similar or different phases respectively. The wave fields, in turn, interact gyromagnetically with the substrate, such that the resultant difference in phase change for a first wave propagating from the first to the second port and a second wave propagating from the second to the first port is an odd-integer multiple of 180 degrees. Alternatively, if the magnetization of the substrate is reversed, the phase of a wave propagating from the first to the second port is changed by 180 degrees.

Abstract: A dual-band nonreversible circuit device comprises a first circulator element (91) and a second circulator element (92) accommodated in a single housing (50, 50', 60) and operable around a first center frequency (f.sub.A) and a second center frequency (f.sub.B), respectively. The first circulator element (91) is formed by a combination of a first permanent magnet (31), a first ferrite plate (21) with a first center conductor (11), and a ground conductor plate (40) successively stacked on a lower magnetic yoke (50). Likewise, the second circulator element (92) is formed by a combination of the ground conductor plate (40), a second ferrite plate (22) with a second center conductor (12), and a second permanent magnet (32) successively stacked and covered by an upper magnetic yoke (60).

Abstract: A passive positive-gain equalizer comprises a ferrite (100, 300) electromagnetically coupled to a single conductor (111, 311) of a digital signal defined in the frequency domain by a plurality of frequencies. Although it has no external power source other than the digital signal, the equalizer amplifies some of the signal's frequencies. In one embodiment, the equalizer (100) comprises a "C"-shaped body portion (101) whose legs (103, 104) extend through holes in a PC board (110) to be spanned by an "I"-shaped body portion (102). A tunnel (106) formed thereby surrounds a stripline (111) and the PC board portion (112) which carries the stripline. In another embodiment, the equalizer (300) comprises an "E"-shaped body portion (301) whose legs (303-305) extend through holes in a PC board (310) to be spanned by an "I"-shaped body portion (302). A pair of tunnels (306, 307) is formed thereby, and the stripline (311, 511) loops through each of the tunnels one or more times.

Abstract: A magnetostatic wave device includes a Gd.sub.3 Ga.sub.5 O.sub.12 substrate off-angled from a {110} plane. A magnetic thin film including a crystal of garnet is formed on the Gd.sub.3 Ga.sub.5 O.sub.12 substrate by liquid-phase epitaxy. A transducer is operative for exciting magnetostatic wave in the magnetic thin film in response to an RF electric signal. A bias magnetic field is applied to the magnetic thin film. There is a relation as 20.degree..ltoreq..vertline..theta..sub.1 +.theta..sub.2 .vertline..ltoreq.35.degree., where ".theta..sub.1 " denotes an angle between a longitudinal direction of the transducer and a <001> orientation of the crystal in the magnetic thin film, and ".theta..sub.2 " denotes an angle between a direction of the bias magnetic field and a transverse direction of the transducer which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: A reflection-type S/N enhancer includes a Gd.sub.3 Ga.sub.5 O.sub.12 substrate off-angled from a {110} plane. A magnetic thin film including a crystal of garnet is formed on the Gd.sub.3 Ga.sub.5 O.sub.12 substrate by liquid-phase epitaxy. The magnetic thin film has a saturation magnetization in a range of 500 G to 1,100 G. A transducer is operative for exciting magnetostatic wave in the magnetic thin film in response to an RF electric signal. A bias magnetic field is applied to the magnetic thin film. There is a relation as .vertline..theta..sub.1 +.theta..sub.2 .vertline.<45.degree., where ".theta..sub.1 " denotes an angle between a longitudinal direction of the transducer and a <001> orientation of the crystal in the magnetic thin film, and ".theta..sub.2 " denotes an angle between a direction of the bias magnetic field and a transverse direction of the transducer in a horizontal plane. The transverse direction of the transducer is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: A method of fabricating ferrite toroids used in ferrite phase shifters. The method employs fabrication techniques found in low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) tape technology and involves fabricating long rectangular through-holes, as is required by the toroid design, in layers of green ceramic tape and maintaining the integrity of the through-holes during a firing process wherein ferromagnetic ceramic oxide in the tape is converted to ferrite.

Abstract: A radar electronic scan apparatus 10 employs an array of transmit/receive phase-shift modules 14 with a plurality of ferrite phase-shift subarrays 16. Each ferrite phase-shift subarray has a pair of phase-shift ferrite substrates 32A and 32B mounted on a support with each substrate having four phase taps for connection to radiators of the electronic scan apparatus.

Abstract: A planar phase shifter having plural layers of ferrite forming a closed magnetic toroidal path and including internal layers of dielectric material of a relatively high dielectric constant and underlying layers of dielectric material having a relatively low dielectric constant. A stripline to slot line transition is also formed at least at one end of the device. All of the elements are formed over a ground plane and have either metallized external sidewalls or a set of metallized vias running through the outer wall portions over its length.

Abstract: A microwave transition consisting of a stripline member coupled to a pair of slot lines deposited on the outer surfaces of a pair of contiguous dielectric rib members. The stripline and one slot line on one of the rib members cross each other at right angles on parallel planes forming an energy coupling junction. One end of both slot lines comprise slot line regions which are either smooth tapered or stepped out to the full width of the dielectric ribs so as to couple RF energy to the normal fields in a twin toroid phase shifter which in one embodiment the toroids extend past the cross-over junction while in the second embodiment two additional dielectric layers are contiguously applied to the outside surfaces of the dielectric rib members containing the slot lines for matching the electric fields in the slots to the toroids. The outer surfaces of the transition including the twin toroids are metallized and fitted into a metal sleeve which provides support for the composite structure.

Abstract: A compact, low-cost magnetostatic wave device which can serve as an S/N enhancer or a filter. The magnetostatic wave device includes a ferromagnetic base; at least one transducer having a portion arranged adjacent to one surface of the ferromagnetic base and another. portion arranged adjacent to the other surface of the ferromagnetic base; an input terminal with one side connected to one end of the transducer and the other side grounded; and an output terminal with one side connected to the other end of the transducer and the other side grounded. The ferromagnetic base is preferably disk-shaped.

Abstract: A planar phase shifter formed of multiple layers of a ferrite. Selected layers of the ferrite are patterned with a conductor and the multiple layers of magnetic dielectric and conductor are cofired. The phase shifter is fabricated by first obtaining ferrite powder. Then, layers of the ferrite are made, preferably by tape casting. Next the ferrite layers are metallized by applying selected amounts of conductive metals in a selected pattern upon the tape. Selected numbers of vias are placed through selected layers of tape and conductive metal is placed in the vias to provide vertical connections through the layers. The tape layers are then stacked in a predetermined order and are laminated. The laminated stack of layers is then fired to a temperature of approximately 800.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C., sintering the laminated layers into one integrated structure.

Abstract: A force and/or motion generating arrangement comprises a body (16) of magnetostrictive material and means (10, 17) for feeding a magnetic flux through said body. Said means (10, 17) comprise a pair of opposite pole surfaces (14), which are located at a short distance from each other, said pole surfaces being connected to a source (17) of said magnetic flux and defining a gap (15) for receiving said body (16) therebetween and being arranged to feed the magnetic flux through said body (16) in a first direction (x), in which said body (16) has small dimensions in relation to its dimensions in at least one other direction (y), which is substantially perpendicular to said first direction and in which the body (16) may be brought to apply a force on and/or impart a motion to another object (19).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a circulator includes the steps of forming, on at least one sheet (41, 42) of an insulating ferromagnetic material, dummy inner conductors (44a, 44b, 44c, 45a, 45b, 45e) made of a material which is thermally decomposed at a temperature equal to or less than a sintering completion temperature of the insulating ferromagnetic material, laminating a plurality of the sheets (40, 41, 42) of the insulating ferromagnetic material so that at least one insulating ferromagnetic material sheet (40, 41) covers the dummy inner conductors formed on the sheets (41, 42), firing the laminated insulating ferromagnetic material sheets (40, 41, 42) to form an insulating ferromagnetic material body (46) in a single continuous body and to form ducts (47) for inner conductors at portions occupied by the dummy inner conductors, injecting with pressure conductive paste into the ducts (47) in the insulating ferromagnetic material body (46), and firing the insulating ferromagnetic material body (46) to form the

Abstract: In an apparatus and method for forming an advanced ring-network circulator, a plurality of junctions are interconnected by a plurality of non-reciprocal phase shifters. Each junction has a predetermined inductive reactance and capacitive susceptance which renders each junction partially reflective of an incident signal in a predetermined frequency-dependent manner. The junctions are selected such that a predetermined combination of average phase shift and differential phase shift provided between junctions produces substantially ideal circulation about a designated band center, the band center being determined by the selected reactance and susceptance of the junctions. The phase shifters are selected to provide an ideal combination of average phase shift and differential phase shift for providing substantially ideal circulation within a frequency band about the band center in a predetermined frequency dependent manner.

Abstract: A system for synthesizing a microwave filter including a plurality of resonators having no tuning elements, in particular waveguide filters for use in satellite telecommunications networks. Signals representing the coupling coefficients of the coupling elements having a finite thickness and the resonant frequency of the resonators are stored in an electronic memory. A computation unit is controlled by a control unit arranged to determine automatically, in a single run, the widths of the coupling elements and the lengths of the resonators from the signals representing the coupling coefficients.

Abstract: A flexible waveguide tube is applicable for a desired millimeter wave band with maintaining sufficient strength for satellite application. The flexible waveguide tube includes a bellows portion and flexing at the bellows portion. The flexible waveguide tube further comprises a dielectric body disposed within the waveguide tube, the dielectric body being placed in spaced apart relationship with at least one inner peripheral surface of the bellows portion.

Abstract: A waveguide according to this invention has a waveguide portion used in transmission in a relatively low frequency band, and a stub circuit portion, connected in series with the waveguide portion, for achieving impedance matching. Since the waveguide for the relative low frequency band, i.e., a frequency band equal to or lower than 40 GHz, has a large aperture size, it has a sufficient mechanical strength even in a use in a satellite. When the stub circuit portion is connected in series with the waveguide, the impedance of the waveguide can be improved, and sufficient transmission performance can be attained even in a millimeter wave frequency band equal to or higher than 40 GHz.

Abstract: A circulator includes a circulator element (50) with inner conductors (41) having a predetermined pattern and an insulating ferromagnetic material body (40) closely surrounding the inner conductors. The insulating ferromagnetic material body is constituted by a fired single continuous body. The circulator also includes a plurality of terminal electrodes (76) formed on side surfaces of the circulator element and electrically connected to one end of the inner conductors, a plurality of circuit elements (51a, 51b, 51c) electrically connected to the terminal electrodes, and excitation permanent magnets (52, 53) for applying a dc magnetic field to the circulator element.

Abstract: A matching network is to be provided which can quickly and easily be tuned to a desired impedance. The matching network has a first and a second line which are interconnected at one end, while their other ends are coupled to a microwave line, and a third line which branches off from the interconnection of the other two lines. The first and/or second line and the third line are loaded with ferrite. The ferrite of the first and/or second line and that of the third line are exposed to separate magnetic fields which can be varied independently of each other.

Abstract: A high-frequency-use non-reciprocal circuit element comprises a high-frequency-use magnetic layer and a plurality of center electrodes arranged therein to intersect with each other while being electrically insulated from each other. The plurality of center electrodes are advantageously embedded in the high-frequency-use magnetic layer or layers to be integrated with the same.

Abstract: A 90.degree. coupling circuit cascaded with a pair of hybrid mode latchable phase shifters provides polarization agility for an RF radiator module of the type typically used in a phased array. For example, such radiator modules typically may utilize an active microwave integrated circuit (MIC), a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) or a passive reciprocal hybrid mode element (RHYME) circuit. These circuits are arranged to provide duplex RF transmit/receive functions with controllable phase shifts at each radiator site in a phased array. By appropriately setting the two controllable phase shifters to different combinations of phase shifts (e.g., 0.degree. and/or 90.degree.) to a dual orthogonal mode radiator, different spatial polarizations for RF radiator transmit/receive functions can be defined. The radiator itself may include a square or circular waveguide including, in some cases, a reciprocal dielectric quarter-wave plate and a non-reciprocal ferrite quarter-wave plate.