Abstract: A magnetically tuned resonant circuit for selectively coupling radio frequency (r.f.) energy between an input coupling circuit and an output coupling circuit through a resonant body disposed between such coupling circuits. Each coupling circuit includes a plurality of spaced conductors which are arranged to selectively spatially distribute r.f. energy fed thereto in order to provide, in the region where the resonant body is disposed, a magnetic field having a predetermined spatial distribution. Such magnetic field distribution is selected in accordance with characteristics of the resonant body to reduce coupling of unwanted spurious r.f. energy through the magnetically tuned resonant circuit.Further, a ground plane conductor associated with such coupling circuits has a selected portion thereof removed to provide a void therein, and a portion of the resonant body is disposed within the void provided in the ground plane. The size of the void is selected to increase coupling of r.f.

Abstract: A magnetically tuned resonant circuit for selectively coupling radio frequency (r.f.) energy between an input coupling circuit and an output coupling circuit, dielectrically spaced from the input coupling circuit, through a resonant body disposed therebetween. Each coupling circuit includes a center strip conductor portion dielectrically spaced from a ground plane conductor. Such center strip conductor and ground plane conductor of each coupling circuit are formed on a common surface of a corresponding dielectric. The center strip conductor portions are orthogonally orientated, and have first end portions which are coaxially aligned and terminated with the ground plane. The resonant body is dielectrically supported between each one of such first end portions of such center conductors.

Abstract: A millimeter wave planar slot excited image guide ferrite power limiter crising a length of dielectric transmission line or waveguide for millimeter wave frequencies located on a relatively thin conductive ground plane, forming thereby an image guide. The ground plane includes a plurality of selectively positioned slots along the length of the ground plane under the dielectric waveguide in which bodies of high anisotropy uniaxial barium ferrite material are placed and which collectively act as a passive ferrite power limiter when biased by an externally applied biasing magnetic field. A biasing magnetic field is provided by a pair of rare earth permanent magnets located along the sides of the image guide perpendicular to the orientation of the RF magnetic fields of the signal propagating down the dielectric waveguide. This leaves the top surface of the image dielectric guide accessible for other integrated circuit fabrication.

Abstract: A fin-line waveguide device for modulating signals passing therethrough. The device comprises a fin-line waveguide including two channel members longitudinally extending in the direction of signal propagation through the device. The channel members are physically and electrically separated by a ferrite dielectric slab which is oriented in a longitudinally extending plane parallel to the electric field lines of the signal passing through the device. A magnetic field is applied to the ferrite slab to magnetically bias the slab to ferromagnetic resonance. A voltage is applied across the ferrite slab to alter the ferromagnetic resonance characteristics of the slab. The phase and amplitude of the signal passing through the waveguide are modulated in response to the applied voltage.

Abstract: Modular-configured beam waveguide for transmitting microwave energy is formed of a plurality of cascaded modules each module containing a pair of reflecting surfaces, e.g. mirrors with the mirrors prealigned with one another and mounted in a supporting conduit or tube. Each tube or conduit module has a pair of orthogonal axes about which its joints with adjacent modules may rotate, so that with a plurality of such modules interconnected with one another, the overall configuration of serially connected modules may follow substantially any desired path. If desired, a module may be configured of a single L-shaped tube or cylinder at the bend of the L of which there is interiorly disposed an aligned mirror, either flat or curved, e.g. substantially elliptically configured for focussing purposes. The tubular construction may be conductive or nonconductive, its prime purpose being to provide support, rigidity and strength, as well as impermeability to external environmental conditions.

Abstract: A multi-port microwave device, such as an isolator or circulator, for transmission of electromagnetic energy in TEM mode non-reciprocally between ports. The device exhibits low insertion loss, high return loss (low VSWR) and high isolation and is operable over a 100 percent or more bandwidth. The microwave device includes a composite ferrite body between a circuit conductor and a ground plane. The composite ferrite body includes at least two different types of ferrite material where each one is selected to provide different frequency characteristics over the frequency pass band of the device.

Abstract: A device comprising a microstrip including a narrow conductor connected in series between a circuit input terminal and the power amplifier, a film of ferrimagnetic material positioned adjacent the conductor and magnetic biasing means. The biasing means normally biases the ferrimagnetic material to operate at frequencies about a selected center frequency for nonlinearly enhancing RF input signals as a function of input amplitude. The device normally, undesirably provides nonlinear phase shifts to the input signal as a function of input power at frequencies removed from the center frequency. By choice of the amount of the bias, for a particular input signal frequency, the device can be adjusted to produce phase shift which changes as a function of input power to offset the nonlinear phase shift of the RF amplifier.

Abstract: Tunable selective devices utilizing forward magnetostatic bulk waves. A filter is able to act as an oscillator loop or as a passive transmission system in which two resonant cavities including gratings are so arranged that via a selective reflector grating they may exchange magnetostatic bulk waves energized and intercepted by transducers of the microstrip type. The invention relates in particular to the filtering of very high frequency electric signals, and to the production of tunable oscillators and to measuring magnetic fields.

Abstract: A dual voltage inductive coil driver is used to rapidly switch between current levels in phase shifters. This approach provides a large voltage swing during the transient period, and then provides a low-dissipation low-voltage source during the steady state condition. The dual mode uses a linear low voltage loop and a nonlinear high voltage loop in the driver. The nonlinear loop may operate from the threshold or difference between either the input reference and coil current or input reference and coil voltage.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave phase shifter for use at high millimeter-wave frequencies is disclosed. The phase shifter employs continuous aperture ferrite and corrugated horns to make a reciprocal phase shifter in the frequency range of interest. Applied linearly polarized energy is expanded in cross-section by means of a first corrugated horn. The expanded energy is focused by a first lens, circularly polarized and applied to a ferrite phase shifting section. The phase shift applied to the energy is controlled by means of phase control circuitry and a yoke and coil arrangement. The phase-shifted energy is then converted to linearly polarized energy by a second circular polarizer focused by a second lens and contracted in cross-section by a corrugated horn. The use of the corrugated horns, polarizers, lenses and ferrite phase shifting components allows a much larger device to be fabricated and hence physical tolerances are reduced by an order of magnitude for the frequency range of interest.

Abstract: The phase shift resolution provided by an N element digital gyromagnetic phase shifter is increased and the number of obtainable phase states is increased by 2.sup.N -1 to 2.sup.N+1 -1 by modification of the control and driver circuitry to selectively set elements to a half-maximum phase shift condition in addition to the known zero phase shift and maximum phase shift conditions.

Abstract: The present invention is for an apparatus and method of fast-switching a dual-toroid microwave ferrite phase shifter. A first circuit is provided for controllably switching the ferrite in one of the toroids between a saturated and partially saturated states. A second conduit is provided for controllably switching the ferrite in the other of the toroids between a saturated and partially saturated states. A control circuit is provided for controlling the first and second circuits such that the ferrite in at least one of the toroids is maintained in the saturated state at any given time such that any desired phase shift may be achieved with only one switching operation for each toroid. The present invention provides new reference states such that there are two reciprocal phase states for any given phase state such that a reciprocal phase state may always be achieved with only one switching operation for each toroid.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal latching phase-shifter uses a slab of a high-dielectric constant material embedded in ferrite to substantially concentrate the electromagnetic energy within the dielectric slab, thus eliminating the need for a conductive waveguide, and to provide for a small amount of energy leakage into the adjacent ferrite whose state of magnetization can be varied, thus providing for a variable phase-shift. In one embodiment, parallel high-K dielectric strips are sandwiched between grooved ferrite sheets to provide a low-cost phase-shifter array.

Abstract: An unsymmetrically corrugated TE.sub.01 mode circular waveguide bend. Unsetrical corrugations approximately one-quarter wavelength deep are utilized to suppress energy transfer to other modes inherent in smooth wall circular guide bends. The corrugations are comprised of a plurality of adjacent internal ridges and valleys having substantially parallel walls such that the distance between the parallel walls of the internal ridges are at least twice the distance between the parallel walls of the internal valleys.

Abstract: The phase shifter start/stop electronic trimming circuit provides a means r electronically trimming phase shifters when stop/start two axis steering is used. A time delay is incorporated into the start logic line of each phase shifter driver allowing the particular insertion phase characteristic of the microwave portion of the phase shifter to be accounted for. Variations of 360 degrees of insertion phase can be trimmed by this method. Delaying the start pulse into the logic device makes the phase setting less than that required of a perfect phase shifter, thereby correcting all units whose insertion phase is longer than the perfect unit. Consequently, the nominal insertion phase of a perfect unit will normally be the shortest phase length encountered. Where a shorter than nominal insertion phase is involved, the insertion phase difference may be subtracted from 360.degree. and using the value.

Abstract: A phase shifter has two sections, a gyromagnetic section and a switching section connected in series. The gyromagnetic section provides fine increments of phase shift and the switching section provides larger increments of phase shift.

Abstract: A flux drive gyromagnetic system such as a gyromagnetic waveguide phase shifter is temperature compensated by measuring the flux change in the gyromagnetic material during a reverse in saturation magnetization, comparing that change to the change under reference conditions and modifying the drive used to set the gyromagnetic material to a non-saturated condition in accordance with the results of the comparison.

Abstract: A phase-shifting device for microwave frequencies is constituted by a section of a rectangular waveguide, the two large walls of the waveguide being each adapted to carry two strips of gyromagnetic material placed on each side of a strip of dielectric material. Each strip is formed by an array of small plates bonded to the waveguide walls and to each other by means of an insulating silicone adhesive.

Abstract: A rectangular waveguide energized in the TE.sub.10 mode is externally provided on at least one of its major surfaces with one or more pairs of ferrite cores rising from that surface on opposite sides of its electric plane, an end face of each ferrite core being aligned with an aperture in the guide surface whereby two counterrotating magnetic fields in the interior of the guide induce corresponding fields in the two cores. The induced magnetic fields travel outward in the cores and are reflected at their remote ends for return to the guide with a phase shift controlled by a unipolar biasing current traversing a pair of coils which are respectively wound about these cores to generate two mutually opposite magnetic fields therein. The cores and their coils may be spacedly surrounded by an enclosure for the forced circulation of a cooling fluid therearound.

Abstract: A coaxial transmission line is coupled to a dielectrically loaded rectangular waveguide by an E-plane probe which extends through a broad wall of the waveguide and into a slot in the body of loading dielectric. The slot and probe are positioned substantially laterally off-center in the body of dielectric material.

Abstract: The process provides practical manufacture of a two-piece, dielectric filled, ferrite toroid assembly while providing optimum electromagnetic characteristics presently not consistently available by manufacturing the toroid in a pressed one-piece configuration. A pair of complementary ferrite blanks of selected shapes are machined to dimension, and the mating surfaces thereof are selectively lapped. The complementary ferrite parts are then permanently assembled about a pre-machined dielectric insert, and the composite toroid is secured together by a selected adhesive selectively disposed therein.

Abstract: Irises which exhibit capacitive reactance in a heavily loaded rectangular waveguide comprise generally U-shaped conductive vanes positioned in the waveguide perpendicular to the length of the waveguide with the opening of the "U" toward a broad wall of the waveguide but spaced therefrom. These irises are effective for increasing the electrical length of ferrite rectangular waveguide phase shifters. These irises may be added to the completed phase shifter to adjust its length by inserting them through previously formed apertures in one of the narrow walls of the waveguide.

Abstract: A microwave circuit network which combines a number of signal-to-noise enhancers of the magnetostatic wave excitation type, utilizing ferrite material, to extend the signal-to-noise enhancement frequency bandwidth beyond that which is offered individually by any one of the enhancers being combined while reducing substantially any signal interaction between the signal-to-noise enhancement operations thereof is disclosed.

Abstract: A unidirectional phase shifter provides selectable phase changes for linearly polarized microwaves of electromagnetic radiation entering the phase shifter in one direction and constant insertion phase for linearly polarized microwaves entering the phase shifter in the opposite direction. The phase shifter consists of two ferrite phasor sections arranged such that the phase changes of the two sections add for one direction of signal flow and cancel for the other. Each phasor section includes a ferrite half-wave plate, at one end of which is coupled a ferrite quarter-wave plate, and at the other end of which is coupled a dielectric quarter-wave plate. The dielectric quarter-wave plate of one of the phasor sections is coupled to the ferrite quarter-wave plate of the other phasor section.

Abstract: A specially configured cable, which, in use, has a cross section which is mmetrical to a vertical line, but asymmetrical to a horizontal line, is used for an intrusion detection system. It comprises an external sheath, which may be round or rectangular in cross section. An inner conductor is positioned below the center of the cable. It is supported in place by a thin, substantially flat, sheet of insulating material, which is attached to the inner surface of the outer sheath. This particular configuration maximizes the change in capacitance caused by an intruder passing over the cable. The cable is connected to a time-domain reflectometer, which can display on a screen the location of the intrusion with respect to an end of the cable as well as the probable type of intrusion.

Abstract: A stripline non-reciprocal multi-octave phase shifter which consists of a matched dielectric slab located along the first ferrite slab edge which corresponds to the magnetic wall and of lumped loads placed along the propagation direction along the same edge of the second ferrite slab. The other edge of the slabs are associated with identical composite media terminated by a lump impedance which consists of a short-circuit between the three conductors in the preferred embodiment of the invention. A high permittivity dielectric slab near the other edge of each of the ferrite slabs is preferably part of said composite media.

Abstract: An improved microwave device for filtering and power limiting is described incorporating a yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere and a transmission line wherein coupling between the YIG sphere and the transmission line is enhanced by placing the YIG sphere in a groove in a ground plane under the transmission line. The current induced in the groove of the ground plane results in enhanced coupling.

Abstract: A signal processing filter wherein electromagnetic wave energy is coupled into a magnetic material at a first region of the surface of the magnetic material and is coupled from the material at a second region of the surface after having propagated within the material as magnetic wave energy. The filter parameters serve to confine the electromagnetic wave energy to a small, localized region of the magnetic material and regional confinement of the magnetic wave energy is also achieved.

Abstract: A corrugated elliptical waveguide comprises a unitary, fluid-impervious, corrugated metallic tube with a substantially elliptical cross section. The corrugated tube is permanently twisted about its longitudinal axis for connecting two terminals having their E planes out of register with each other. The twist is uniformly distributed along a predetermined length of the corrugated tube. The twist is formed by twisting a corrugated circular waveguide about its longitudinal axis and simultaneously converting the circular cross section to an elliptical cross section, thereby causing the twist to be set in the elliptical waveguide.

Abstract: A composite resonator according to the invention is made of a combination of ferrite and dielectric, a combination of ferrite, dielectric and conductor or a combination of ferrite and conductor.

Abstract: A ferrite phaser driver circuit for phased array antennas wherein the input data is stored and subsequently fed to a ferrite phaser which has been immediately reset through a one-shot circuit configuration having means for compensating for power supply variations such that if the voltage drops, for example, the set period is lengthened automatically for a predetermined data input period. Additionally, the input data is adapted to be compressed in time when storing the data which becomes desirable when the input data is multiplexed where, for example, the arry is in the form of a matrix and the data input is applied for storage in rows and transferred to the respective phasers in columns.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator arrangement comprising a microstrip resonator, a Gunn oscillator mounted outside the substrate of the resonator, a varactor diode connected in series with the Gunn oscillator and the resonator, and means for applying adjustable bias to the varactor diode.

Abstract: A novel microwave power divider is disclosed that is a combination of an ort junction circulator and a novel isolator-mismatch device for each circulator port other than one input port and divides microwave signal power incident to the input port into any desired ratio among the output ports and isolates all the ports from microwave power reflected back toward the divider after being propagated through the divider and thus prevents interaction among line devices, e.g. amplifier units, that are fed by the output ports. Also a novel microwave power combiner is disclosed that is a combination of an N-port junction circulator and a novel isolator-reflector device for each port other than one output port to combine at the one output port identical microwave signals or microwave signals that differ in frequency or phase incident to the isolator-reflector devices. The microwave power combiner, like the microwave power divider, provides isolation among the signal transmission lines.

Abstract: The process provides practical manufacture of a two-piece, dielectric filled, ferrite toroid assembly while providing optimum electromagnetic characteristics presently not consistently available by manufacturing the toroid in a pressed one-piece configuration. A pair of complementary ferrite blanks of selected shapes are machined to dimension, and the mating surfaces thereof are selectively lapped. The complementary ferrite parts are then permanently assembled about a pre-machined dielectric insert, and the composite toroid is secured together by a selected adhesive selectively disposed therein.

Abstract: A radio frequency phase shifter suitable for X-band operation is disclosed. Such phase shifter incudes a waveguide structure and a ferrite assembly disposed within such waveguide structure. The ferrite assembly has a conductive material plated on the sides thereof. A pair of such plated sides is in contact with the wide walls of the waveguide structure thereby preventing the generation of longitudinal section modes (i.e. LSE.sub.1,1, LSM.sub.1,1, and LSE.sub.1,2) and another pair of such plated walls is displaced from the narrow walls of such waveguide structure to form a pair of waveguide sections cut off to the dominant mode of the radio frequency energy passing through the ferrite phase shifter thereby inhibiting such energy from coupling to wires passing through such waveguide sections for supplying drive current to the enclosed ferrite assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a digitally controlled phase shift network for an analog flux-sensing ferrite phase shifter driver, as would be applied in controlling the phase of individual antenna elements in phased array radar systems. The phase shift network described utilizes analog phase shifters while accepting a digital control input, and provides phase control without need for digital-to-analog converters between the analog phase shifters and their digital inputs. This is accomplished by integrating the volt-time product on the phase shifter secondary windings until the integral reaches a value corresponding to a phase shift increment of predetermined magnitude, dumping the integrator voltage between integrations, counting the number of integrate-and-dump operations to thus yield a digital measure of the phase shift achieved, and comparing such digital count against the digital control input.

Abstract: A rectangular toroid of a substrate material has a ferrite arc plasma sprayed into a channel toroid leaving two faces exposed. An off center aperture receives a drive winding which surrounds one long side of the toroid, the other long side is covered by three co-planar and parallel metal strips, slightly spaced and having ferrite material between the strips and forming a co-planar surface with the metal strips.

Abstract: A novel microwave power divider is disclosed that is a combination of an N-port junction circulator and a novel isolator-mismatch device for each circulator port other than one input port and divides microwave signal power incident to the input port into any desired ratio among the output ports and isolates all the ports from microwave power reflected back toward the divider after being propagated through the divider and thus prevents interaction among line devices, e.g. amplifier units, that are fed by the output ports. Also a novel microwave power combiner is disclosed that is a combination of an N-port junction circulator and a novel isolator-reflector device for each port other than one output port to combine at the one output port identical microwave signals or microwave signals that differ in frequency or phase incident to the isolator-reflector devices. The microwave power combiner, like the microwave power divider, provides isolation among the signal transmission lines.

Abstract: A reciprocal latching ferrite phase shifter is fashioned from a single slab of ferrite material, such that the phase shifter comprises a monolithic ferrite structure, providing the overall functional characteristics of the phase shifter through an integrated combination of individual portions of the monolithic structure. The reciprocal function of the monolithic phase shifter assembly is provided through the use of dual non-reciprocal phase shifters connected in parallel, such that separate paths and selected phase shifts of zero to 360.degree. for linearly polarized transverse electric microwaves having operating frequencies in the range of two to 100 GHz, are provided for waves propagating in opposite directions.

Abstract: A feather-edge conductive pattern is sandwiched between two ferrite bars so s to cause different degrees of residual magnetism in the bars. Two other blocks of materials having relative high dielectric constants sandwich the ends of the bars, and the whole device is inclosed in a waveguide which will have variable phase shifts in accordance to the residual magnetism of the bars.

Abstract: A multiple channel non-reciprocal junction device for the transmission of microwaves. It is constituted by a wafer of ferrimagnetic material, to which there is applied in a longitudinal direction a uniform magnetic field; the wafer is covered, alternately on each of its faces, with transverse metal layers which are not opposite one another; each of the channels corresponds to a section of wafer metallized on both its faces and provided at its ends with means for the emission and reception of the microwave which is to be transmitted.

Abstract: A metal phase shifter case construction involves connecting two channel-shaped pieces of aluminum, one on each side of a ferrite toroid, and then spraying standard metal spray onto the toroid to electrically join the two channels together.

Abstract: A diode ring mixer in which a coupling loop between two ferrite spheres is constructed as a double conductor. The coupling loops for the symmetrical input and symmetrical output are branched off in a coupling space halfway their line length.

Abstract: A latching ferrite phase shifter having a ferrite toroid is provided with inexpensive means for adjusting its magnetization to account for manufacturing inaccuracies and temperature changes. A small permanent magnet is mounted externally of the transmission line in which the ferrite is positioned. The permanent magnet applies parallel fields to the opposite sides of the toroid, selectively reducing magnetic flux density on one side.

Abstract: An antenna element for use in a phased array antenna is disclosed. Such antenna element is a reciprocal device adapted selectively to radiate radio frequency energy of either circular or linear polarization. Such antenna element includes waveguide means for passing radio frequency energy and for radiating such energy; and means adapted to transform the polarization of the radio frequency energy as such passes through the waveguide means to radiate such radio frequency energy selectively with either linear or circular polarization. In a preferred embodiment the just-mentioned means includes a first and a second nonreciprocal quarter-wave plate having field orientations effectively 45.degree. with respect to each other. Such nonreciprocal quarter-wave plates flank a third nonreciprocal quarter-wave plate switchable so that its field orientation is either aligned with the field orientation of the first nonreciprocal quarter-wave plate or, while still aligned as before, turned 180.degree..

Abstract: The process provides practical manufacture of a two-piece, dielectric filled, ferrite toroid assembly while providing optimum electromagnetic characteristics presently not consistently available by manufacturing the toroid in a pressed one-piece configuration. A pair of complementary ferrite blanks of selected shapes are machined to dimension, and the mating surfaces thereof are selectively lapped. The complementary ferrite parts are then permanently assembled about a pre-machined dielectric insert, and the composite toroid is secured together by a selected adhesive selectively disposed therein.