Abstract: The "hardness" of water flowing through a pipe, and attributable to ions dissolved in the water, is reduced by producing molecular agitation in the water to transform the ions into much larger crystals, followed by filtration using a conventional filter having a mesh size much larger than the size of the ions, but smaller than the size of the crystals.

Abstract: A coil for bucking out undesired ambient time varying magnetic fields in the region of the gap in an MRI magnet structure is energized by a servo loop controlled by a Flux Lock Circuit having, in turn, a closed loop circuit controlled by a magnetic sensor. The sensor has a pair of windings energized in parallel by a 2 KHz oscillator, the windings being oppositely poled to induce zero voltage in a third winding to which feedback signals are supplied. Extraneous fields cause an asymmetry in the current passing through the pair of windings which asymmetry is accompanied by the generation of second harmonic components which are detected and fed back to the third winding for restoring symmetry. The signal fed back to the third winding is also used for controlling the current supplied to the field bucking coil.

Abstract: In a mobile magnetic resonance imaging van, the challenge is to design a magnet mounting system such that the top and bottom poles of the magnet are within magnet temperature gradient specifications for good image quality. The present invention provides such a mounting system and method for mounting a permanent magnet in a mobile trailer vehicle. Mounting bolts are used to mount the permanent magnet to the floor of the mobile trailer vehicle. Laminate or composite insulating material, preferably stacked Phenolic pads, thermally insulate the permanent magnet from the trailer floor. A second set of stacked insulating material pads thermally insulate the mounting bolts from the permanent magnet.

Abstract: A multi-cathode electron beam plasma etcher is disclosed. The multi-cathode electron beam plasma etcher is comprised of: a vacuum chamber; several cathodes which are installed in the upper end of the upper part of the chamber and generates an electron beam in order to generate plasma in a large area; an acceleration electrode and a deceleration electrode which, form an acceleration and a deceleration tube structure in order to withdraw much of the electron beam, are arranged sequentially from the front of the cathode, and form an electrostatic lens when the differential voltage is applied respectively; first vacuum evacuation device to made the upper part of the chamber vacuum; an etching gas injection device which is installed in the side wall around the upper end of the lower part of the chamber; second vacuum evacuation device which is installed in the lower part of the chamber; and a holder of the etched body which is installed in the lower part of the chamber.

Abstract: A method for coating a surface with a magnetic composite material exhibiting distinct flux properties due to gradient interfaces within the composite. Surfaces coated with such a composite can be used to improve fuel cells and to effect improved transport and separation of different species of materials. A wide variety of devices can incorporate such composite-coated surfaces, including separators, fuel cells, electrochemical cells, and electrodes for channeling flux of, or for effecting electrolysis of, magnetic species.

Abstract: For producing controlled precipitation in fluid flowing through a pipe, a coil of electric wire, of flat, generally rectangular spiral shape, is sandwiched between flexible cover sheets. The resulting assembly is applied to the outer circumference of the pipe, with the lengthwise dimension of the coil extending perpendicularly to the flow inside the pipe. A time-varying electric current is applied to the coil to produce a corresponding magnetic field. This, in turn, causes induction which produces the controlled precipitation.

Abstract: The improvement proposed relates to the dipole ring magnet in a magnetic field generator for magnetron plasma in an apparatus for plasma sputtering or plasma etching. Different from the conventional dipole ring magnet, which is an assembly of anisotropic columnar segment magnets in a circular arrangement each in an integral columnar form, each of the segment magnets according to the first aspect of the invention is divided into upper and lower halves and the gap space held between the upper and lower halves is varied from position to position so that the uniformity of the magnetic field formed inside of the dipole ring magnet is increased in the horizontal direction with consequently increased uniformity of the plasma density generated thereby.

Abstract: A panel switch according to the present invention has a switching unit comprising a plurality of switches which are not provided with individual click mechanisms and at least one click mechanism for the switching unit. Because the switching unit does not incorporate individual click mechanisms, the panel switch can be formed into a small size. In addition, by the integration of the provided click mechanism, the degree of freedom on the design of the panel switch is enlarged, and a small-sized panel switch which is excellent in switching feeling can be offered.

Abstract: A rolamite sensor for use in sensing deceleration of a vehicle includes two separate electrical circuits for actuating two occupant restraints such as air bags. The sensor has a molded plastic base mounted on a metal chassis and a metal cover welded to the chassis to sealingly enclose the base. One surface of the base acts as a guide surface for a roller. A pair of thin metal bands are wrapped around the roller. Each band is fixed at one end to the base and at the other end to a J-shaped tensioner underneath the base. The roller is rollable on the guide surface under an applied force to cause the band to engage firing contacts to complete the electrical circuits. An optical electromagnet may be fixed to the chassis without increasing the overall size of the sensor. The electromagnet is selectively operable to attract the roller to test the sensor by completing the electrical circuits. The electromagnet includes a ferromagnetic core and a coil wound directly on the core.

Abstract: A magnetic heading sensor alignment device for an acoustic towed line array s described. It includes a generally cylindrical non-magnetic piece having a longitudinal opening along its central axis to accommodate the heading sensor. A plurality of longitudinal non-magnetic strips or springs are provided around the cylindrical piece by securing them at the ends of the cylindrical piece to form a cage. This provides a spring-like action when the alignment device including the heading sensor is inserted inside the hose of the towed line array and thus keep the heading sensor aligned during the deployment of the acoustic towed array.

Abstract: A punching mechanism includes a permanent magnet and a pole-piece connected to one pole of the permanent magnet and spaced from the other pole by a gap. A movable coil is disposed at least partially within the gap. A punch actuator is connected to the movable coil, and conductors are provided for conducting an electrical current to the coil. Current is supplied to the coil to effect a punching action.

Abstract: A conventionally arranged multilayered eddy current type intense AC magnetic field generator is remarkably improved only by intercrossing frame-shaped iron cores with alternately multilayered structure of exciting coils and conductor plates for inducing eddy currents, so as increase the impedance of the exciting coils as well as to increase the mutual inductance thereof with the conductor plates. As a result, the desired intense AC magnetic field can be efficiently and continuously generated with evidently reduced electric power.

Abstract: An nth order magnetic multipole arrangement for influencing the trajectory of charged particles is disclosed. In order to avoid using structural parts that are manufactured separately, it has been found to provide as the multipole arrangement, the stator of a multi-pole alternating current machine, the stator winding of which is fed by a voltage source in such a way that the produce of current and number of turns (number of ampere turns) in a groove or group of grooves disposed under the azimuth angle .theta. is proportional to cos (n .theta.), n corresponding to the order (order number) of the multipole arrangement, and the factors a and b being taken from the ratio b/a which states the orientation of the multipole relative to the azmith angle .theta.=0. As the multipole arrangement there may be provided also a stator, excited by permanent magnets, of a direct current machine.

Abstract: End cover protecting a vehicle solenoid so that the usual molded plastic case thereof will not be cracked from contact of a falling object and so that electrical contact if made to any of the customary solenoid terminals at the end of its plastic case will be restricted to only the single terminal exposed by the cover.

Abstract: A shoe insole comprising (A) a coarse mesh-like woven cloth backing made of monofilaments of a vinylidene chloride-type polymer, (B) a honeycomb-woven cloth intermediate layer made of monofilaments of the vinylidene chloride-type polymer, (S) a sheet prepared by coating a latex containing activated carbon powder, copper powder and magnetic powder on a non-woven cloth made of staple fibers of the vinylidene chloride-type polymer and/or a vinyl chloride-type polymer and heat-treating the coated cloth, and (D) a fine-woven cloth surface layer made of monofilaments of the vinylidene chloride-type polymer, the cloths (A), (B), (S) and (D) being laminated in order and the peripheral edge of the laminate being welded, and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: Fuel, such as flows from a fuel pump to a carburetor, is treated by subjecting the fuel to the influence of magnetic fields and thereafter an electric field; the magnetic fields are applied by a series of sets of spaced magnets aligned with each other.

Abstract: A device for increasing efficiency of natural gas fuel includes a first housing having a magnet chamber with a plurality of vertically arranged sets of magnets. The natural gas is fed thereto from an inlet chamber through a distributor plate having an array of holes. After the magnetic treatment, the natural gas is fed to a second similar housing before being burned as fuel.

Abstract: A coil for the production of homogeneous magnetic fields; the coil sides are disposed in sets of four arranged symmetrically about a common axis to which the coil sides are parallel. There are 2n turns of the coil and the disposition of coil sides is such that the n sums, each of which is the sum of 2n turns respectively of the quantities cos 3.psi..mu./R.sup.3 .mu., cos 5.psi..mu./R.sup.5 .mu. etc to cos (2n+1).psi..mu./R.sup.2n+1 .mu. are all substantially zero on the supposition that equal currents flow through all the turns of the coil. The equality to zero need not be exact, variation of up to 10.degree. in the angles for invariant R or variation of up to 10% in the various R.mu. for invariant angles .psi..mu. being tolerable. The coil (1.ltoreq..mu..ltoreq.n) is particularly intended for use in the measurement of the properties of liquid media by determinations of nuclear resonance.

Abstract: A coil arrangement for the electromagnetic superimposition and correction of magnetic fields and generation of magnetic fields of a desired locus dependent distribution comprises coils formed in an areal arrangement in accordance with the art of printed circuits and serving the purpose of generating magnetic fields, homogenizing deviations from a desired distribution.

Abstract: An electromagnet in which an oblong block of friction material captivates a coil on an oblong plate which is stamped from sheet metal. One pole of the magnet is formed by a stud which is secured to the plate while the other pole or poles either are formed by flanges bent from the plate or by an additional stud or studs secured to the plate.

Abstract: A device for producing a 2N-pole magnetic field in a rhombic or a rectangular prismal space comprises 2N sets of conductors extended axially of the space along a yoke inside surface defining the space. Electric currents are caused to flow through the conductors with a current density distribution given by -d.phi./ds where .phi. and ds represent a potential for the field and a differential line element directed perpendicularly along the yoke inside surface of the prism axis. The current density distribution is generalized, for production of a general static magnetic field, to current components perpendicular to a plane intersecting the yoke inside surface at a plane curve, when ds represents a differential line element tangential to the curve.

Abstract: A magnet system for compensating the frequency difference between the oscillator frequency f.sub.o of a YIG oscillator and the central filter frequency f.sub.mi of a YIG filter to be independent of the oscillator frequency in which two pole-pieces are provided having opposing surfaces, one which has a raised portion, and one of which has a plate of magnetic material having a saturation magnetization smaller than the smallest field strength desired. The raised surface portion of the pole-piece has a height at which the frequency f.sub.o -f.sub.mi is independent of f.sub.o.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating liquid fuel in an internal combustion engine. The fuel treating device is connected in the fuel line leading to the carburetor or other fuel/air mixing apparatus and comprises an elongated hollow outer casing made of a magnetic material, an elongated inner casing made of non-magnetic material positioned within the outer casing and a single elongated magnet received in the inner casing, the maget having at least three longitudinally spaced apart sections of alternating, north and south polarity. Means are provided for supporting the inner casing in spaced relation to the outer casing to form an annular chamber therebetween, in which chamber the lines of flux are preferably radial. The device further includes an inlet and an outlet located near opposite ends of the annular chamber for providing fluid flow from the fuel line through the chamber.

Abstract: A permanent magnet structure provides high fields (e.g., .about. 4500 Gauss) with excellent uniformity (e.g., .+-. 3 Gauss) over a moderately large volume of the gap (e.g., approximately 20 percent of the gap diameter and gap width). This is accomplished by grinding away a portion of the permanent magnet material at the center of each face of the gap to form a depression, deepest at the center of the face. The magnet may include means for varying the gap width and a modulating coil for low frequency minor variation of the magnetic field. The magnet structure is used in conjunction with a 12 GHz self-excited spin resonance cavity to form a compact, portable electron spin resonance spectrometer.

Abstract: A device for producing a 2 N-pole magnetic field in a rhombic or a rectangular prismal space comprises 2 N sets of conductors extended axially of the space along a yoke inside surface defining the space. Electric currents are caused to flow through the conductors with a current density distribution given by -d.phi./ds where .phi. and ds represent a potential for the field and a differential line element directed perpendicularly along the yoke inside surface of the prism axis. The current density distribution is generalized, for production of a general static magnetic field, to current components perpendicular to a plane intersecting the yoke inside surface at a plane curve, when ds represents a differential line element tangential to the curve.