Abstract: A liquid chromatography flow cell including an integrated light source and an integrated detection chamber. The integrated light source includes a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs), wherein each LED emits light of a specific wavelength. The light emitted from the integrated light source is directed to pass through a sample in a flow chamber of the flow cell without any optical conditioning, and the light not absorbed by the sample flows out of the flow chamber directly into the integrated detection chamber, where an intensity of the unabsorbed light is measured by detectors coupled to the integrated chamber.

Abstract: Systems and methods directed to the assessment of tissue vascular health. An optical measurement device includes a light source with one or more wavelengths, configured to illuminate an area of tissue, a detector configured to capture the light reflecting from the tissue at the one or more illumination wavelengths, a processor configured to compute, based on the detected signal, one or more estimates of tissue vascular health, and a display or communication device (e.g., electronic data transfer) configured to store or report the tissue vascular health.

Abstract: Differential, plasmonic, non-dispersive infrared gas sensors are provided. In one aspect, a gas sensor includes: a plasmonic resonance detector including a differential plasmon resonator array that is resonant at different wavelengths of light; and a light source incident on the plasmonic resonance detector. The differential plasmon resonator array can include: at least one first set of plasmonic resonators interwoven with at least one second set of plasmonic resonators, wherein the at least one first set of plasmonic resonators is configured to be resonant with light at a first wavelength, and wherein the at least one second set of plasmonic resonators is configured to be resonant with light at a second wavelength. A method for analyzing a target gas and a method for forming a plasmonic resonance detector are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and systems for grating couplers incorporating perturbed waveguides are disclosed and may include in a semiconductor photonics die, communicating optical signals into and/or out of the die utilizing a grating coupler on the die, where the grating coupler comprises perturbed waveguides. The perturbed waveguides may include rows of continuous waveguides with scatterers extending throughout a length of the perturbed waveguides a variable width along their length. The grating coupler may comprise a single polarization grating coupler comprising perturbed waveguides and a non-perturbed grating. The grating coupler may comprise a polarization splitting grating coupler (PSGC) that includes two sets of perturbed waveguides at a non-zero angle, or a plurality of non-linear rows of discrete shapes. The PSGC may comprise discrete scatterers at an intersection of the sets of perturbed waveguides. The grating coupler may comprise individual scatterers between the perturbed waveguides.

Abstract: An agricultural composition sensor includes a sensor housing including a flow passage configured to conduct an agricultural product. A sensor assembly is coupled with the sensor housing. The sensor assembly is configured to detect one or more injection products in the agricultural product. The sensor assembly includes an emanator configured to generate at least one light beam and a sensing element configured to receive the at least one light beam. A directing element is configured to deliver the light beam through the flow of the agricultural product. The sensing element is configured to generate a spectral plot from the light beam delivered through the flow of the agricultural product having one or more spectral signatures corresponding to the one or more injection products.

Abstract: A spectroscopic analysis device includes: a light source configured to emit light for irradiating a specimen; a prism stuck to the specimen and configured to totally reflect the light emitted from the light source; a polarizing separation element configured to separate the light totally reflected by the prism into a first and second polarized light components that are orthogonal to each other; a wavelength dispersing element configured to disperse respective wavelength components of the first and second polarized light components that are separated by the polarizing separation element; an image capturing element configured to capture respective images of the first and second polarized light components that are dispersed by the wavelength dispersing element; and a processing unit configured to perform component analysis on the specimen by obtaining an absorbency at each wavelength by using an imaging signal output from the image capturing element.

Abstract: An optical distance measuring system includes a first transmitter, a first solid state device, and a receiver. The first transmitter is configured to generate a first optical waveform. The first solid state device is configured to receive the first optical waveform and steer the first optical waveform toward a target object. The receiver is configured to receive the first optical waveform reflected off of the first target object and determine a distance to the first target object based on a time of flight from the transmitter to the first target object and back to the receiver.

Abstract: An optical detection assembly can include: a light-emitting device and a photoelectric conversion device installed in parallel on a substrate, where light generated by the light-emitting device is irradiated onto an object, and the photoelectric conversion device is configured to convert a reflected light of the object into an electrical signal; and a housing formed by light shielding material installed on the substrate, where the housing includes a first chamber for accommodating the light-emitting device, a sidewall that separates the light-emitting device and the photoelectric conversion device, and at least one emitting light opening at the top of the first chamber and having an axis inclined at a tilt angle.

Abstract: A micromechanical component having a mount, an adjustable element, which is connected via at least one spring to the mount, and an actuator device, a first oscillatory motion of the adjustable element about a first axis of rotation and simultaneously a second oscillatory motion of the adjustable element, which is set into the first oscillatory motion, being excitable about a second axis of rotation in response to the actuator device; and the adjustable element being configured by the at least one spring to be adjustable on the mount in such a way that the adjustable element is adjustable by a resulting angular momentum about a rotational axis, which is oriented orthogonally to the first axis of rotation and orthogonally to second axis of rotation. Also, a method for manufacturing a micromechanical component. Moreover, a method for exciting a motion of an adjustable element about a rotational axis.

Abstract: A method for modelling saturation in a reservoir, comprising: obtaining capillary pressure data representing capillary pressure in the reservoir; obtaining permeability data representing permeability in the reservoir; determining a number of pore throats represented by the capillary pressure data; creating hyperbolic tangents based on the capillary pressure data equal in number to the number of pore throats; combining hyperbolic tangents to create a curve to fit the capillary pressure data and to define hyperbolic tangent parameters; combining at least one of the hyperbolic tangent parameters with the permeability data to define a saturation height function; modelling a saturation in the reservoir using the saturation height function; and displaying the saturation model based on the saturation height function.

Abstract: A polarizing beam splitter includes thin electrically conductive metal sheets each having an edge and a thickness substantially less than the wavelength ? of a terahertz signal. The sheets are arranged in a stack or array to define wave propagation passages for energy of a terahertz beam directed at a face formed by edges of the sheets, and constitutes an artificial dielectric which operates below cutoff to allow selective transmission through the passages and/or reflection from said face, separating polarization states of the beam with defined power splitting. The artificial dielectric beam splitter can be configured to operate over a broad terahertz band. The sheets are flat, without micropatterned surface features, are robust and simple to manufacture, and form a broad band polarizing beam slitter for terahertz radiation. Complete separation of the transmitted and reflected beam is achieved below cutoff by rotating the polarization of the input beam.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a quantum dot thin film that is formed by cross-linking ligands of quantum dots with a photo cross-linker containing two or more azide groups. According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for forming a quantum dot pattern includes: forming a quantum dot layer on a substrate by coating the substrate with a solution including quantum dots and a photo cross-linker containing two or more azide groups; placing a mask having a pattern on the quantum dot layer and performing UV exposure on the quantum dot layer; and forming a quantum dot pattern by removing a non-exposed region of the quantum dot layer.

Abstract: The invention refers to a system for analyzing a document. Each of two measurement arrangements includes two components being a radiation source and a radiation detector, respectively. The two measurement arrangements provide measurement data and differ from each other with regard to a measurement principle, a kind of radiation source, a kind of radiation detector, a kind of relative movement between the document and a component, a kind of relative arrangement of the two components to each other, a kind of emitted radiation, a kind of received radiation or a kind of processing information about radiation emitted by the respective radiation source and/or about radiation received by the respective radiation detector. An evaluator provides data based on the measurement data. The invention also refers to a corresponding method.

Abstract: A rotating dual-electrode infrared cell for in situ electrochemical attenuated-total-reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IRS) comprising: a first and second prism; a first and second thin metal film, wherein the first thin metal film is coated on a surface of the first prism and the second thin metal film is coated on a surface of the second prism; an ion exchange membrane; and a first and second cell body, wherein each cell body comprises an inlet and outlet.

Abstract: A lidar scanning device for use in a motor vehicle includes a light source for emitting light onto an object; a light detector for receiving light that was reflected by the object; and multiple optical imaging elements in the optical path between the object and the light detector.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to optical systems, specifically light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems. An example optical system includes a laser light source operable to emit laser light along a first axis and a mirror element with a plurality of reflective surfaces. The mirror element is configured to rotate about a second axis. The plurality of reflective surfaces is disposed about the second axis. The mirror element and the laser light source are coupled to a base structure, which is configured to rotate about a third axis. While the rotational angle of the mirror element is within an angular range, the emitted laser light interacts with both a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface of the plurality of reflective surfaces and is reflected into the environment by the first and second reflective surfaces.

Abstract: Fluid properties like viscosity, yield strength, and density may be measured by analyzing fluid motion in response to disturbing the surface of the fluid. For example, a method may include disturbing a surface of a fluid in one or more locations, thereby forming a deformation and waves at the surface of the fluid for the one or more locations; imaging and measuring at least one selected from the group consisting of the deformation, the waves, and a combination thereof; and calculating a property of the fluid based on the at least one selected from the group consisting of the deformation, the waves, and a combination thereof, the property selected from the group consisting of viscosity, yield strength, density, and any combination thereof.

Abstract: A memristor-reconstructed near-infrared SPR biosensor with adjustable penetration depth includes a prism, a first non-conductive dielectric film layer, a metal film layer, a second non-conductive dielectric film layer and a conductive dielectric film layer, wherein the prism is configured to generate an ATR (Attenuated Total Reflections) attenuation evanescent wave; the first non-conductive dielectric film layer, the metal film layer, and the second non-conductive dielectric film layer define a sensing unit for achieving a basic sensing function; the metal film layer, the second non-conductive dielectric film layer and the conductive dielectric film layer define a memristive unit; a voltage applying device is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode for applying a bias voltage to the memristive unit so as to realize infrared memristive reconfiguration.

Abstract: Techniques related to removing haze from video are discussed. Such techniques include color converting a video frame from an input color space to a haze color space using a haze color detected in a previous frame, estimating pixel-wise haze amounts, de-hazing the video frame in the haze color space using the pixel-wise haze amounts, and color converting the de-hazed frame to the input color space.

Abstract: A method of evaluating the integrity of a substrate used in medical device packaging include providing a flexible, porous substrate having a first major surface, and a second major surface, applying a UV absorbent layer over at least one of the first and second major surfaces of the substrate, and placing the substrate over a UV reflective surface. The method includes directing UV light toward the substrate and the UV reflective surface, whereby the UV absorbent layer absorbs light in a spectrum that matches the wavelength of the UV light, and detecting with a UV sensitive camera any UV light that is reflected from the first and second surfaces of the substrate. The substrate is rejected if the reflected UV light that is detected by the UV sensitive camera indicates that the substrate has at least one opening having a size that is greater than or equal to 10 microns.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media are disclosed for providing a structured total internal reflection fluorescence (sTIRF) imaging system providing improved out of focus blur rejection and improved image contrast. The sTIRF imaging system may be configured to illuminate a sample using two beams of light (e.g., a primary beam of light and an interfering beam of light). The interfering beam of light may be configured to create interference with respect to the primary beam of light. The sTIRF imaging system may be configured to capture a plurality of intermediate images of the sample during the illuminating, and to generate a final image of the sample based on the plurality of intermediate images. The interference caused by the two beams of light may enable the sTIRF imaging system to reject out of focus blur based on detection of whether fluorescence emissions from the sample being imaged fluctuate or remain static.

Abstract: An apparatus or method determines a salinity or metal content a liquid sample by scanning the liquid sample using a PXRF spectrometer, receiving a PXRF spectra from the PXRF spectrometer, baseline correcting and smoothing the received PXRF spectra, extracting a K? emission line of one or more elements from the baseline corrected and smoothed PXRF spectra using only one beam from the PXRF spectrometer, determining the salinity or the metal content of the liquid sample using the one or more processors and a predictive model that relates the K? emission line of the one or more elements to the salinity or the metal content of the liquid sample, and providing the salinity or the metal content of the liquid sample to the one or more input/output interfaces.

Abstract: Among other things, an imaging device has a photosensitive array of pixels, and a surface associated with the array is configured to receive a specimen with at least a part of the specimen at a distance from the surface equivalent to less than about half of an average width of the pixels.

Abstract: A measurement auxiliary member is placed on an arrangement surface of a prism. A measurement object is placed on an upper surface of the measurement auxiliary member. The measurement auxiliary member totally reflects the terahertz wave input from a lower surface by the upper surface and outputs the totally-reflected terahertz wave from the lower surface. A main pulse of a terahertz wave totally reflected by the upper surface of the measurement auxiliary member without multiply-reflected inside any optical element on an optical path of the terahertz wave, and a noise pulse of a terahertz wave multiply-reflected inside any optical element on the optical path and reflected on an interface between the prism and the measurement auxiliary member, are temporally separated from each other when detecting a correlation by a terahertz wave detection element.

Abstract: A laser projector steers an outgoing beam of light onto an object, passing light returned from the object through a focusing lens onto an aperture rigidly coupled to an optical detector.

Abstract: An SPR detection apparatus has an optical system with a sensor member including a planar metallic layer, the sensor member being removably mountable to a housing. First optics direct an incident beam toward a rear side of the metallic layer at a predetermined range of angles to a normal to the sensor layer. Second optics guide at least one reflected beam, corresponding to the incident beam, from the metallic layer to the transducer. The transducer converts incoming electromagnetic radiation to an electrical signal for transmission to a signal processor disposed in the housing and operatively connected to the at least one opto-electrical transducer so as to detect a surface plasmon resonance angle. The first optics are configured so that the at least one incident beam spans at least about 20°.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of fabricating a reflector, the reflector being at least partially reflective and at least partially transmissive for at least a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation; the method comprising: forming a first material layer defining a bottom layer; forming a sacrificial layer on the bottom layer; forming a second material layer defining a top layer on the sacrificial layer and a supporting structure connected to the bottom layer; and removing at least part of the sacrificial layer to form a cavity between the bottom layer and the top layer such that the supporting structure supports the top layer relative to the bottom layer and no further supporting structure is provided within the cavity, wherein after the at least part of the sacrificial layer is removed, at least the top layer has residual tensile stress.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus, an image processing method and a recording medium capable of detecting a plurality of breaks in a coating material and an inclined break of the coating material are provided. The image processing apparatus includes a grouping unit for extracting coating areas representing a coating material from an input image acquired by imaging an inspection object linearly coated with the coating material and grouping the coating areas for each sequence of linear parts, a calculation unit for calculating a line width in an orthogonal direction of a linear part for each of the linear parts in a plurality of portions of the coating area including end portions of the linear parts, a break detecting unit for detecting a break in the coating material based on the calculated line widths, and an output unit for outputting an indication representing occurrence of the break when the break is detected.

Abstract: A method for detecting molecular is related. The method includes providing a sample, in which a sample surface is distributed with analyte molecules; providing a carrier including a substrate, a middle layer and a metal layer, in which the middle layer is sandwiched between the substrate and the metal layer, the middle layer includes a base and a patterned bulge on a surface of the base, the patterned bulge includes a plurality of strip-shaped bulges intersected with each other to form a net and define a number of holes, and the metal layer is on the patterned bulge; placing the carrier on the sample surface to make the metal layer being attached to the sample surface, in which parts of the analyte molecules are formed on the metal layer; detecting the analyte molecules on the metal layer with a detector.

Abstract: A sensing apparatus for detecting at least one target molecule in a gaseous medium is provided, comprising an optical fiber having a core with a tilted grating, and a coating assembly. The coating assembly has a composite film layer having an outer surface in direct contact with the gaseous medium, and contains at least two compositions mixed with one another therein, which include one or more surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-active compositions and one or more reacting compositions that are reversibly reactive to the at least one target molecule. Depending on different reacting compositions, the sensing apparatus can detect various target gas molecules such as hydrogen, ammonia, methane, and formaldehyde, etc. The sensing apparatus has relatively fast response time and high resistance to deactivation. A sensing system based on the sensing apparatus, a manufacturing method of the sensing apparatus, and a detection method using the sensing system, are further provided.

Abstract: A microscope, including: an illumination optical system that irradiates a specimen with illumination light from an oblique direction; an observation optical system including an objective lens; and a controller that moves at least one of a stage to hold the specimen and the objective lens in a same direction as an optical axis of the objective lens. The controller changes, when moving at least one of the stage and the objective lens, an incident angle of the illumination light with respect to the specimen.

Abstract: An analysing apparatus comprises a fluid container defining a sample chamber. A sensor having a transparent body with a nanostructured surface is coupled to the fluid container such that the nanostructured surface is exposed to the sample chamber. An excitation and detection apparatus directs a beam of incident polarised electromagnetic radiation onto the reverse face of the body at the Brewster angle, causing no or substantially no reflection of the polarised radiation from the reverse face. The beam of reflected radiation emerges from the reverse face after reflection from the nanostructured surface. The apparatus is simpler and cheaper in comparison with known alternatives that use ATR prisms to create ATR of the light to excite a planar surface.

Abstract: A light irradiation angle is set with respect to a first surface so as to detect only either first reflected light or second reflected light. Then, light is emitted from a light irradiation part at the set irradiation angle while a detection chip is kept in motion, either the first reflected light or the second reflected light is detected by a reflected light detection part, and positional information of the detection chip is acquired on the basis of the result of the detection of the first or second reflected light. The detection chip is moved, on the basis of the acquired positional information, to a detection position where detection of a substance to be detected is performed. While the detection chip is kept at the detection position, detection of the substance to be detected is performed through detection of sample light.

Abstract: A method for molecular chirality detection is described. The method includes providing a substrate defining an array of hole-disks, each hole-disk coupled with an asymmetric optical cavity. Each asymmetric optical cavity having a back reflector separating a plasmonic pattern by an appropriate selection of thickness. The substrate is illuminated to simultaneously excite two degenerate localized surface plasmon modes producing a strong chiral near-field. The method may also include generating a characterization of chiral molecules on the substrate based on the strong chiral near-field. Substrates and detectors for molecular chirality detection are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus including a semiconductor substrate; an absorption layer coupled to the semiconductor substrate, the absorption layer including a photodiode region configured to absorb photons and to generate photo-carriers from the absorbed photons; one or more first switches controlled by a first control signal, the one or more first switches configured to collect at least a portion of the photo-carriers based on the first control signal; and one or more second switches controlled by a second control signal, the one or more second switches configured to collect at least a portion of the photo-carriers based on the second control signal, where the second control signal is different from the first control signal.

Abstract: A plasmonic device is disclosed, the plasmonic device having a base substrate and an electrically conductive film formed on the base substrate. The base substrate has a reference upper surface and an arrangement of chiral nanostructures formed in relief from the reference upper surface. Each chiral nanostructure has a nanostructure upper surface which is disposed at a distance of at least 30 nm from the reference upper surface in a thickness direction. The electrically conductive film is formed on the nanostructure upper surface of each chiral nanostructure and on at least part of the reference upper surface of the base substrate. Also disclosed is a method of analysis of a biological material using the plasmonic device, by depositing the biological material onto the plasmonic device and irradiating the plasmonic device and the biological material with electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of integrity monitoring of a conduit. An optic fibre is provided optic fibre along the path of the conduit, and a fluid in the conduit is pressurized and depressurized. The optic fibre is interrogated to provide a distributed acoustic sensor, and data is sampled from a plurality of longitudinal portions of the fibre during the pressurizing and depressurizing. The data is processed to detect a signal characteristic of the integrity of the conduit.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein enable a hierarchical-Z unit of a graphics processor to be primed using Hi-Z data generated by occlusion culling operations performed on a general purpose processor. One embodiment provides for instructions to cause operations including performing occlusion culling for a scene via the general purpose processor and storing generated hierarchical-Z data. The Hierarchical-Z data generated during the occlusion culling operations can be shared with the graphics processor and used to prime a hierarchical-Z unit of the graphics processor. The at least a portion of the scene can then be rendered using the hierarchical-Z data after priming the hierarchical-Z unit, improving the effectiveness of hierarchical-Z operations of the graphics processor for the scene.

Abstract: The prism-coupling systems and methods include using a prism-coupling system to collect initial TM and TE mode spectra of a chemically strengthened article having a refractive index profile with a near-surface spike region and a deep region. The initial TM and TE mode spectra are examined to see if they fall within a preferred measurement window that can produce an accurate estimate of the knee stress to within a select tolerance. If not, then measurement configuration of the prism-coupling system is changed and new TM and TE mode spectra are collected. This process is repeated until the new TM and TE mode spectra fall within the preferred measurement window. The new TM and TE mode spectra are then used to determine the knee stress. Changing the measurement configuration can include changing at least one of the measurement wavelength, interfacing fluid thickness and interfacing fluid refractive index.

Abstract: In the case of a plate-shaped substrate material (20), in which a microfluidic structure (5) is formed, there is consequently the ability for light (11, 12) that was diffusely scattered by an inner wall (9) to be captured and that a fill level, a speed of advance or any other variable for characterizing a liquid transport of a liquid (8) in the microfluidic structure (5) be ascertained by calculation from the captured, diffusely scattered light (11, 12).

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems are provided for analyzing the moisture content in natural gas. In one embodiment, a portable moisture analyzer system is provided and can include a moisture analyzer and a housing. The moisture analyzer can include a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) and a natural gas sample conditioning system. The TDLAS can be configured to detect water vapor content within a natural gas sample. The sample conditioning system can be in fluid communication with the TDLAS and can be configured to condition at least one of temperature, flow rate, and pressure of a natural gas sample. The housing can be configured to receive the moisture analyzer therein and to protect the moisture analyzer from vibration and/or shock.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus that measures an optical characteristic of a surface in accordance with a standard selected from a plurality of standards is provided. The apparatus includes an illumination device configured to illuminate the surface with light from a light source, an imaging device configured to image the light source with reflected light from the surface illuminated by the illumination device, and a processor configured to process image data having number of pixels obtained by reducing number of pixels of the imaging device by a reduction rate to obtain the optical characteristic of the surface. The processor is configured to determine the reduction rate based on the selected standard.

Abstract: Inventory systems may include storage locations or other elements that can be visually indicated by selective glowing triggered by received wavelengths. In one example, a selected storage location can be determined from among multiple storage locations. A set of one or more wavelengths may be determined that is operable, when received at multiple markers associated with the multiple locations, to cause one or more of the markers to emit a presentation that visibly indicates the selected storage location or provides a visible acknowledgement of an action associated with the selected storage location. Instructions can be provided to cause a wavelength source to emit the set of one or more wavelengths so as to reach the multiple markers and cause the presentation.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes a food system that prepares food based on a user's preferences and environment (e.g., health and diet, tastes, availability of food, costs, location, and what is stored or available for the food preparation system). The food system can store, cool, serve, prepare, juice, recognize with an antenna array, cut, weigh, sanitize, or compost food. The food system can include a robotic arm or water jet for cutting a food item. The disclosed technology improves food consumption for users based on diet and observed behavior (e.g., tracking caloric intake and exercise).

Abstract: For the purpose of providing a light guiding member with a simple structure which is capable of suppressing risk that unnecessary light could be mixed in a primary optical path, a light guiding member according to the present invention includes an incident surface, a reflection surface which reflects a light flux from the incident surface, and a side surface disposed at a distance of 1.2 R or more from a center of the reflection surface, where R is a distance from the center to an edge portion of the reflection surface, in a direction perpendicular to a first cross-section including an incident light toward the reflection surface on an optical axis and a reflected light from the reflection surface on the optical axis.

Abstract: Disclosed is an analysis method for detecting and analyzing light from a sample prepared so as to emit light in accordance with an amount of a test substance, the analysis method including taking an image of a storage member configured to store the sample therein; switching a state of a reflector to a state in which light from the sample is reflected toward a light detection unit and detecting light from the sample by the light detection unit; and outputting an analysis result of the sample on the basis of a light amount detected by the light detection unit.

Abstract: An apparatus including a semiconductor substrate; an absorption layer coupled to the semiconductor substrate, the absorption layer including a photodiode region configured to absorb photons and to generate photo-carriers from the absorbed photons; one or more first switches controlled by a first control signal, the one or more first switches configured to collect at least a portion of the photo-carriers based on the first control signal; and one or more second switches controlled by a second control signal, the one or more second switches configured to collect at least a portion of the photo-carriers based on the second control signal, where the second control signal is different from the first control signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of evaluation of molecular binding interactions at a sensing surface, and more particularly to a method for evaluation of screening data obtained from an interaction between an analyte in a fluid sample and a ligand immobilized on a sensor surface of a biosensor that is independent of interaction models. Preferably the biosensor is a SPR biosensor. The invention also relates to a biosensor system arranged to perform the method and a computer program arranged to control the operation of the biosensor system.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a semiconductor biosensor includes a plurality of wells, a plurality of detectors, and processing circuitry. Each well is configured to hold a test sample and to allow the test sample to be irradiated with ultraviolet radiation. The plurality of detectors are configured to capture a spectral response of the test sample irradiated with the ultraviolet radiation. Each well is coupled directly onto a detector, and each detector includes a) a photodiode and b) a planar optical antenna tuned to a particular wavelength. The planar optical antenna is between the photodiode and the well. The processing circuitry is coupled to the plurality of detectors, the processing circuitry being configured to calculate an average spectral response for the plurality of detectors.

Abstract: A molybdenum disulfide-containing biosensing chip includes a transparent substrate; a metal layer disposed on the transparent substrate; and a molybdenum disulfide layer disposed on the metal layer; wherein the molybdenum disulfide layer is carboxyl (—COOH)-modified. The carboxyl (—COOH)-modified molybdenum disulfide layer effectively enhances sensitivity of a detection device having the biosensing chip. The biosensing chip is applicable to detection of various biological molecules.