Abstract: A method is disclosed for screening color separations of a lenticular image with a lenticular frequency of the lenticular lenses needed for viewing the lenticular image. An amplitude-modulated halftone image is calculated for each of the color separations at a screen angle and at a screen frequency, the tangent of the screen angle being a rational number. For a specific color separation, a screen angle relating to the direction perpendicular to the image strips of the lenticular image is defined, a pair of whole numbers whose ratio is equal to the tangent of the screen angle is determined, and the screen frequency of the color separation is calculated as the product of the lenticular frequency and the square root of the sum of the squares of the two whole numbers.

Abstract: A curved multi-layer structure (10) is formed from individual films (1, 2) that are initially flat. The films are firmly bonded to each other along respective facing surfaces. A heat treatment is applied to one or both of the films (1, 2) of the structure so as to cause respective contractions or elongations that are different for the two films at standard use temperatures. A difference between said contractions or elongations causes the curvature of the multi-layer structure. The structure thus has a permanent curved shape, without contact between compression-forming instruments and a useful part of the multi-layer structure being necessary. The multi-layer structure can then be applied onto a curved substrate without causing any tears or ripples.

Abstract: A virtual image display device with an optical waveguide to guide, by internal total reflection, parallel pencil groups meeting a condition of internal total reflection, a first reflection volume hologram grating to diffract and reflect the parallel pencil groups incident upon the optical waveguide from outside and traveling in different directions as they are so as to meet the condition of internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide and a second reflection volume hologram grating to project the parallel pencil groups guided by internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide as they are from the optical waveguide by diffraction and reflection thereof so as to depart from the condition of internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A capsule includes a bottom portion for holding a liquid used for making bubbles, and a separate top portion. The top portion can be used to blow bubbles, where the bubble, after at least partially air drying, can be formulated to rest on a surface. The top portion also includes an aperture that houses a hologram lens. After a bubble is blown and at least partially immobilized on a surface, the top portion is placed in an optimal viewing position near the bubble. Viewing of the bubble through the lens of the top portion separates the light reflected off the bubble into a spectrum. The top portion and the bottom portion of the capsule can temporarily be attached to one another by forming a seal, by being temporarily affixed into one another. The top portion and bottom portion of the capsule can also be at least partially separated from each other.

Abstract: A light-collecting device is provided, a light-collecting device, including: a first volume hologram recorded in a hologram recording layer by interference of a first spherical wave and a planar wave, the first spherical wave passing through a light path of diffused light which radiates from a light incident point, passes through the hologram recording layer and spreads to a predetermined diameter; and a second volume hologram recorded in the hologram recording layer by interference of a second spherical wave and the planar wave, the second spherical wave passing through a light path of converging light which radiates from the same side as the first spherical wave, passes through the hologram recording layer and converges at an image-forming point distanced from the hologram recording layer by a predetermined distance, the planar wave intersecting with the first spherical wave and the second spherical wave.

Abstract: A virtual image display device which displays a two-dimensional image for viewing a virtual image in a magnified form by a virtual optical system. The virtual image display device includes an optical waveguide to guide, by internal total reflection, parallel pencil groups meeting a condition of internal total reflection, a first reflection volume hologram grating to diffract and reflect the parallel pencil groups incident upon the optical waveguide from outside and traveling in different directions as they are so as to meet the condition of internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide and a second reflection volume hologram grating to project the parallel pencil groups guided by internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide as they are from the optical waveguide by diffraction and reflection thereof so as to depart from the condition of internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide.

Abstract: An ophthalmic device which comprises a holographic element comprising a medium comprising a phenylboronic acid group and, disposed therein, a hologram, wherein an optical characteristic of the element changes as a result of a variation of a physical property of the medium, and wherein the variation arises as a result of interaction between the medium and an analyte present in an ocular fluid.

Abstract: A composition for producing optical elements having a gradient structure, particularly for holographic applications, is formed by a refractive index gradient. The composition is produced from one or more polymerizable and/or polycondensable monomers and at least one biological polymer. A potential difference is generated for the directed diffusion of the monomers by inducing a local polymerization or polycondensation. The result is the formation of a refractive index gradient.

Abstract: A virtual image display device is provided which displays a two-dimensional image for viewing a virtual image in a magnified form by a virtual optical system. The virtual image display device includes an optical waveguide (13) to guide, by internal total reflection, parallel pencil groups meeting a condition of internal total reflection, a first reflection volume hologram grating (14) to diffract and reflect the parallel pencil groups incident upon the optical waveguide from outside and traveling in different directions as they are so as to meet the condition of internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide and a second reflection volume hologram grating (15) to project the parallel pencil groups guided by internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide as they are from the optical waveguide by diffraction and reflection thereof so as to depart from the condition of internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide.

Abstract: An optical effect bubble generating system comprises an optical effect viewing device comprising one or more desired heliographic images. The optical effect viewing device can be eyeglasses having lenses containing the holographic images. The lenses can be interchangeable to provide different holographic images. The system includes a bubble generating device that can be manually- or automatically-operated. The system operates to provide the optical effect of imposing the desired holographic image onto one or more bubbles when the bubbles are generated in a naturally- or artificially-lit environment, and the one or more bubbles viewed by a user through the optical effect viewing device.

Abstract: There is provided a focusing element including: a light-generating element that generates light in a pre-specified wavelength range and emits diffuse light; and a hologram element in a recording layer disposed at a light emission side of the light-generating element, the hologram element being recorded by wavelength multiplexing with light of plural wavelengths selected from the wavelength range of the light-generating element, and the hologram element being illuminated with the diffuse light from the light-generating element and emitting diffracted light that converses at a pre-specified focusing point.

Abstract: An optical material includes lithium tantalate, and a molar composition ratio of lithium oxide and tantalum oxide (Li2O/Ta2O5) in the lithium tantalate is in the range of 0.975 to 0.982. Since an optical material having a high refractive index is provided in an optical unit, at the same focal distance, a lens thickness can be significantly reduced. As a result, an optical electronic component and an optical electronic device including the optical material has a reduced size and thickness and is highly functional.

Abstract: Non-rigidly coupled, overlapping, non-feedback optical systems for spatial filtering of Fourier transform optical patterns and image shape characterization comprises a first optical subsystem that includes a lens for focusing a polarized, coherent beam to a focal point, an image input device that spatially modulates phase positioned between the lens and the focal point, and a spatial filter at the Fourier transform pattern, and a second optical subsystem overlapping the first optical subsystem includes a projection lens and a detector. The second optical subsystem is optically coupled to the first optical subsystem.

Abstract: A display device having a display panel for displaying an image by spatial light modulation includes a plurality of pixel groups, each pixel group including a first pixel having a first type of luminance against viewing angle response, and a second pixel having a second type of luminance against viewing angle response, wherein the first and second luminance against viewing angle responses are different from one another. The display device further includes a controller operatively coupled to each of the plurality of pixel groups, wherein the controller is configured to drive each of the plurality of pixel groups such that on average the plurality of pixel groups simultaneously provide a predetermined on-axis luminance and an predetermined off-axis luminance for a region of the image corresponding to each pixel group.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that validates a hologram by scanning the hologram at multiple angles is disclosed. The method may include scanning a document containing the hologram at a first angle to create a first image, scanning the document containing the hologram at a second angle to create a second image, determining whether the hologram is valid, and sending the validity determination to a user interface for display to a user.

Abstract: A lensholder holds at least one fixed optical lens and a variable focusing element in a spaced relation along an optical path through which light passes in an electro-optical reader. The variable focusing element has a pair of electrodes across which a voltage is applied to optically modify the light passing through the fixed optical lens and the variable focusing element. The lensholder directly electrically conductively contacts the electrodes and establishes an electrically conductive path between each electrode and an exterior of the lensholder.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hologram projection screen includes the steps of: 1) recording hologram lens information on a photoresist plate; 2) metalizing the photoresist plate that has been exposed, to produce a master nickel plate of a hologram lens array through electroforming and joining; and 3) using the master nickel plate to emboss thermoplastic material, to obtain a screen body, on which the information of the hologram lens array is arranged. The hologram projection screen manufactured by this method can provide a variety of display contents.

Abstract: An optical system comprising a substrate and disposed on said substrate a replica layer, characterised in that a functionality selected from the group consisting of grating, volume Bragg grating, holographic, diffractive, non-periodic structure, optical polarizer, micro lens and gradient index lens is incorporated in the substrate. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an optical system in which elements which previously played a passive part are given an active role in order to thus realise desired properties of the optical system.

Abstract: A narrowband filter with a wide acceptance angle which utilizes two holographic filter elements connected in series. The filter blocks light outside of a narrow spectral band of interest, while enabling light to be seen over a wide range of angles incident on the filter.

Abstract: An optical device directs light from a light source to a region of space, such as the field of view of a camera when the optical device is used as a camera flash unit. This device includes a first optical element which converges light from the light source towards an inner portion of the region to be illuminated and a second optical element which diverges part of the light from the first element outwardly towards an outer portion of the region to be illuminated so as to achieve adequate central illumination with improved uniformity of illumination across the region to be illuminated. The second optical element may have a concave multiple-faceted surface comprising plane facets in the shape of an open-base inverted truncated pyramid, contiguous sector-shaped facets, at least some of which are concave, or a face divided into an elongate portion disposed between first and second diverging portions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a planar lighting device (1) including: a laser light source (12) which emits a linearly-polarized laser beam; an optical member (13) which receives the laser beam, then parallelize the laser beam, and emits the parallelized laser beam; and a first plate-shaped light guide (20) which receives the parallelized laser beam from an end face portion (20d) and emits the parallelized laser beam from a first major surface (20b). The first light guide includes an optical element (20a) which receives the linearly-polarized parallelized laser beam propagated through the first light guide and emits at least a part of the linearly-polarized parallelized laser beam in a direction substantially vertical to the first major surface. The present invention also provides a liquid crystal display device (3) using the planar lighting device (1) as a backlight lighting device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing specified output intensity distribution requirements from a single LED source, wherein the apparatus includes a single LED source and a cover, including a lens, that captures and controls the non-collimated light of the LED source and limits its spread vertically and horizontally as well as producing intensity variations within the output pattern. In one aspect of the invention, the lens is on the same order of size as the LED source, the cover has an exposed surface area several times larger than the area of the lens and is primarily configured to have retroreflective properties.

Abstract: An exit pupil extender with one input optical element and two exit optical elements disposed on different sides of the input optical element. The exit pupil extender also comprises two intermediate diffractive optical couplers, each disposed between the input optical element and one exit optical element. The couplers serve as exit pupil extending components. The grating lines of the couplers are at substantially a 60-degree angle from that of the optical elements in order to optimize the exit pupil extending efficiency. This invention further describes a general diffractive optics method that uses a plurality of diffractive elements on an optical substrate for expanding the exit pupil of a display of an electronic device for viewing. The system can support a broad range of rotations angles (e.g., 0<?<70°) and corresponding conical angles and remains geometrically accurate.

Abstract: A holographic substrate-guided wave-based see-through display can has a microdisplay, capable of emitting light in the form of an image. The microdisplay directs its output to a holographic lens, capable of accepting the light in the form of an image from the microdisplay, and capable of transmitting the accepted light in the form of an image. The holographic lens couples its output to an elongate transparent substrate, capable of accepting the light in the form of an image from the holographic lens at a first location, and transmitting the light in the form of an image along a length of the substrate by total internal reflection to a second location spaced from the first location, the elongate substrate being capable of transmitting the accepted light in the form of an image at the second location.

Abstract: Holographic systems which shape coherent light beams are disclosed. These holographic systems may beam-shaping devices positioned in the path of coherent light beams to shape a coherent light beam into an essentially diffraction noise free coherent light beam of predetermined dimensions that has a continuous light beam profile of distinct intensity zones.

Abstract: An image display device includes a light source which emits laser light; an optical element which is operable to switch between a first state for reducing a coherence of the laser light and a second state for substantially maintaining the coherence of the laser light; a switching control circuit which controls the optical element; an imager which modulates the laser light transmitted through the optical element; and a modulation control circuit which controls the imager based on an image signal. The modulation control circuit causes the imager to render an image pattern for generating an image by changing alight amount at each pixel position when the optical element is in the first state, and causes the imager to render a hologram pattern for generating an image by diffraction when the optical element is in the second state.

Abstract: A coherent light source includes a plurality of light emitting points arranged in one-dimensional array. A beam shaping unit shapes a light beam so that a diameter of a light emitted from the coherent light source in a direction perpendicular to a direction of the light emitting point array is larger than a diameter in the direction of the light emitting point array, and an intensity distribution of the light emitted from each of the light emitting points is uniform. A magnification of a focusing optical system is set such that a light emitted from the beam shaping unit is coupled to an optical fiber based on a maximum diameter of the light emitted from the beam shaping unit.

Abstract: An optical system (20) for efficiently collimating an elliptical light beam includes a light source (21), a first lens (22), a second lens (23), and a third lens (24). The light source is adapted for providing an elliptical light beam defining different diverging angles in different directions, wherein any cross-section of the elliptical light beam emitted from the light source defines a long axis and a short axis which are perpendicular to each other. The first lens, the second lens, and the third lens are used for reconfiguring the elliptical light beam, thus obtaining a round light beam having equivalent short axis and long axis, and equivalent diverging angles in both horizontal direction and vertical direction. Optical centers of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens commonly define a common optical axis along which the elliptical light beams travels.

Abstract: An optical pickup which is compatible with at least one high density recording medium that uses a blue-violet beam and at least one lower density recording medium, the optical pickup including: an optical unit to selectively emit one of a plurality of beams with different wavelengths onto one of the at least one high density recording medium and the at least one lower density recording medium, and to receive the respective beam reflected from the respective recording medium; and a holographic objective lens to focus the respective beams emitted by the optical unit on a recording surface of the respective recording medium, the holographic objective lens including a first holographic lens region and a second holographic lens region located inside the first holographic lens region, wherein holographic patterns of the first and second holographic lens regions respectively produce a first effective numerical aperture (NA) for the at least one high density recording medium and at least one additional effective NA s

Abstract: An optical imaging apparatus having a variable focal length is disclosed. A plurality of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (“H-PDLC”) lenses are arranged in a stack, each lens having a unique focal length. A controller is configured to program a plurality of voltages applied to the plurality of H-PDLC lenses to achieve a plurality of focal lengths, the plurality of focal lengths higher than the plurality of H-PDLC lenses.

Abstract: In a document lighting device, each of the plurality of the light emitting elements arrayed in a light source unit is arranged in a vicinity of a focal point on a cross section in a sub-scanning direction of a long-sized lens, and a convergent point is placed at a location departing a predetermined distance in the main scanning direction from a location on the surface to be illuminated included in the sub-scanning cross section.

Abstract: A method of producing a holographic screen for reconstruction of uniformly magnified three-dimensional images from projected integral photographs. The screen is produced as an array of holographic imaging elements whose center distances and focal lengths have been scaled-up uniformly by the magnification factor. In the preferred embodiment, when illuminated with a white light reference beam, the screen reconstructs a linear array comprising an alternating series of red, green, and blue vertical lines. However, when an enlarged integral photograph representative of a three-dimensional scene is correctly projected onto the screen, a uniformly magnified three-dimensional image of that scene is reconstructed. The screen may be manufactured as rectangular tiles that are assembled to form the entire screen.

Abstract: A surface emitting device and a display apparatus including the same. The surface emitting device includes: a light source; and a light guide plate having a light exit surface on which holographic patterns are formed, and guiding light emitted by the light source such that the guided light is emitted from the light exit surface, wherein the holographic patterns are arranged so that light incident on the light guide plate without passing through any side surface of the light guide plate can be incident on the holographic patterns at an azimuth greater than 45° at which light emitting efficiency is low and light incident on the light guide plate and reflected by any side surface of the light guide plate can be incident on the holographic patterns at an azimuth at which light emitting efficiency is high.

Abstract: A lens-less system for analyzing an optical spectrum includes a sophisticated volume hologram for separating an incident diffuse optical signal into wavelength channels without aid of an external collector lens and a detector for receiving and detecting light dispersed by the sophisticated volume hologram. Other systems and methods are also provided.

Abstract: A device for projecting an object in a space of a vehicle is described. This object is preferably projected holographically, and a voice input and output system is assigned to this object. An artificial passenger is thus created for a driver.

Abstract: A coherent light source includes a plurality of light emitting points arranged in one-dimensional array. A beam shaping unit shapes a light beam so that a diameter of a light emitted from the coherent light source in a direction perpendicular to a direction of the light emitting point array is larger than a diameter in the direction of the light emitting point array, and an intensity distribution of the light emitted from each of the light emitting points is uniform. A magnification of a focusing optical system is set such that a light emitted from the beam shaping unit is coupled to an optical fiber based on a maximum diameter of the light emitted from the beam shaping unit.

Abstract: A pattern (P) is transferred onto an optical article (1) in the form of one or more portions of a transferable material (3, 4b) retained by a layer of latex (2). The portion or portions of transferable material are applied with a stamp after the layer of latex has been formed on the article and before the latex is dry. By using latex as the adhesive material, the nature of the transferable material may vary widely. Such a method is particularly suitable for producing patterns such as holograms on optical lenses, especially ophthalmic lenses. The layer of latex may also protect the product against shocks which may subsequently be received.

Abstract: A laser light beam of a first wavelength which is polarized in a first polarizing direction, emitted from first and second semiconductor laser elements and reflected by an information recording surface of an optical recording medium, is made to be transmitted by a second polarizing hologram diffraction grating and diffracted in a direction toward a light receiving element by a first polarizing hologram diffraction grating. A laser light beam of a second wavelength which is polarized in the first polarizing direction, reflected by the information recording surface of the optical recording medium, is made to be converted so to be in a second polarizing direction by the 5?/4 plate. A laser light beam of the second wavelength which is polarized in the second polarizing direction is made to be diffracted in the direction toward the light emitting element by the second polarizing hologram diffraction grating.

Abstract: A virtual image display device is provided which displays a two-dimensional image for viewing a virtual image in a magnified form by a virtual optical system. The virtual image display device includes an optical waveguide (13) to guide, by internal total reflection, parallel pencil groups meeting a condition of internal total reflection, a first reflection volume hologram grating (14) to diffract and reflect the parallel pencil groups incident upon the optical waveguide from outside and traveling in different directions as they are so as to meet the condition of internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide and a second reflection volume hologram grating (15) to project the parallel pencil groups guided by internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide as they are from the optical waveguide by diffraction and reflection thereof so as to depart from the condition of internal total reflection inside the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A wavefront source having a wavefront formation structure (4a) and a diffuser with a scattering structure (2b) in the beam path in front of or at the level of the wavefront formation structure; also a diffuser configured to be used therefor, and a wavefront sensor equipped therewith, as well as a corresponding projection exposure apparatus. The diffuser has a diffractive computer-generated hologram (CGH) scattering structure with a predetermined angular scattering profile. The wavefront source includes such a diffuser and/or a focusing element with a reflecting diffractive focusing structure (3a) in the beam path at the level of the scattering structure or between the scattering structure (2b) and the wavefront formation structure (4a). The disclosed structures are used, e.g., in the wavefront measurement of projection objectives in microlithography projection exposure apparatuses in the EUV wavelength range.

Abstract: A narrowband, tunable filter with a wide acceptance angle utilizes two holographic filter elements connected in series. The filter blocks light outside of a narrow spectral band of interest, while enabling light to be seen over a wide range of angles incident on the filter.

Abstract: A security hologram is disclosed that is invisible to a human eye or to various optical detectors until the hologram is optically coupled to a suitable modifier (e.g., a prism). Also disclosed is a method of recording the security hologram and a method of using the hologram in security applications to establish authenticity of article(s).

Abstract: The invention relates to an element for the combined symmetrization and homogenization of a beam of rays and to a method for designing an element of this type. One object of this invention is to propose an element and a corresponding design method by means of which a beam of rays with any desired intensity distribution is shaped from a beam of rays with an inhomogeneous intensity distribution. In particular, the intention is to transform a beam of rays with an elliptical intensity distribution into one with a different elliptical intensity distribution. For this purpose, the invention provides a phase element for the simultaneous circularization and homogenization of anisotropic intensities of electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: A personal monitoring system to be worn by an individual in a hazardous situation comprises an enclosed face mask which includes a transparent shield over at least the eves a sensor module secured to the individual which includes a plurality of sensors, a microprocessor and an RF transmission means operable to transmit data obtained by the sensors. The face mask includes a heads-up display comprising a housing containing an electroluminescent display panel, an optical lens, a microprocessor, and an RF receiver operable to receive data from the sensor module. The housing is configured to allow the mounting of the display panel and optical lens in a spaced-apart arrangement so that the display panel is viewed through the lens. The system of the invention also includes a central Incident Commander Module comprising an RF transceiver and a display panel which can receive and display sensor data from a plurality of head-worn devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram projection screen and its manufacturing method and system as well as its applications. The present hologram projection screen includes a screen body, wherein an array of hologram lenses are arranged onto said screen body, the hologram lenses are arranged equably onto the screen body vertically and horizontally, adjacently to each other. The hologram lenses have a circular or elliptical shape in said screen body, or have a regular polygonal shape in said screen body. The hologram lens may be a set of lenses.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for manipulating small dielectric particles. The apparatus and method involves use of a diffractive optical element which receives a laser beam and forms a plurality of light beams. These light beams are operated on by a telescope lens system and then an objective lens element to create an array of optical traps for manipulating small dielectric particles.

Abstract: A digital focus lens systems that can provide an optical system with a plurality of selectable focal powers is described. The system includes a number of switchable elements, each of which is capable of being switched between a first state and a second state, whereby the states represent unique focal powers. The switchable elements may be arranged coaxially in a stack such that each of them may contribute to a cumulative focal power of the system. If, for example, the system includes two such switchable elements, four focal powers for the lens system may be selected by appropriate choice the states of each switchable element. Digital telescopes, cameras, microscopes, and other optical instruments may be implemented using such digital focus lens systems. Methods of fabricating switchable elements and methods of controlling digital lens systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for making, encoding, and encrypting binary patterns for storing recorded information. One of the methods includes the steps of providing an original image, fragmenting the original image into at least two parts including a first part and a second part, forming a mirror image of one of the a least two parts, inverting the first and second parts, forming a binary pattern of the first part and the second part, and forming a mirror image of the binary pattern of the one of the a least two parts. In this method the binary pattern in each of the parts includes information representing a respective portion of the original image.

Abstract: Holographic three dimensional images of objects can be displayed via a device comprising micro holographic optical elements (MHOEs). A device for displaying holographic three dimensional images of objects can comprise a laser source, a spatial filter using a micro holographic optical element (MHOE) lens, a collimating MHOE lens, a spatial light modulator, and cylindrical MHOE lenses. A holographic three dimensional image of an object can be displayed using MHOEs by emitting a coherent light, filtering and expanding the light, aligning the expanded light, modulating the aligned expanded light, and focusing the modulated light.

Abstract: A compound objective lens is composed of a hologram lens or transmitting a part of incident light without any diffraction to form a beam of transmitted light and diffracting a remaining part of the incident light to form a beam of first-order diffracted light, and an objective lens for converging the transmitted light to form a first converging spot on a front surface of a thin type of first information medium and converging the diffracted light to form a second converging spot on a front surface of a thick type of second information medium. Because the hologram selectively functions as a concave lens for the diffracted light, a curvature of the transmitted light differs from that of the diffracted light.