Abstract: An optical source comprises (a) a laser light source for emitting light in a light path; and (b) at least one holographic optical element disposed in the light path; wherein the laser light source and the holographic optical element are integrated into a monolithic strucuture. The holographic optical element collimates emitted light, circularizes emitted light, compensates for optical source wavelength shifts, launches the emitted light so that it is efficiently coupled to an optical fiber, and/or isolates the laser light source from interfering reflected light. Since the optical source is disposed in a single monolithic structure and a discrete holographic optical element may perform five distinct functions, the optical sources are compact, commercially versatile and easy to handle.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dispersive holographic spectrometer (12) for analyzing radiation from an infrared source (16). The holographic spectrometer (12) comprises a piezoelectric block (40) having a holographic lens (38) on one face, an array of detectors (36) on another face and a pair of vernier electrodes (32, 34) on opposite faces. Radiation from the source (16) incident upon the holographic lens (38) is dispersed into component wavelengths (44, 46) and directed towards the detector array (38). The holographic lens (36) has a holographic interference pattern recorded on it such that radiation of predetermined wavelength components are dispersed sufficiently enough such that radiation of specific wavelengths falls on different detector elements (48) of the detector array (36). By applying a voltage to the electrodes (32, 38), an electric field is created within the piezoelectric block (40) such that it is either compressed or expanded.

Abstract: A light scanning system for moving a light beam across a straight surface. The system includes a laser light source, a rotating holographic disk deflection system, and a multielement F.theta. lens constructed entirely of holographic plates. The holographic plates are offset from each other in the beam path and have parameters which cause the holographic plates to optically cooperate with each other to produce uniform spot size and scan velocity. Specific construction parameters and methods are outlined along with particular materials and parameter ranges.

Abstract: The external wall element has an outer pane with lens-like holographic elements. On the inner pane, radiation receiving elements for generating energy are arranged in the focal plane of the holographic elements. The incident light may either by focused on the radiation receiving elements or on translucent portions of the inner pane. The external wall element optionally permits the generation of energy or reflection, transmission of diffuse light being effected in both cases.