Abstract: Ring modulators based on interdigitated junctions may be driven in full or partial standing wave mode and, active regions (providing the modulation) and light-absorptive regions (e.g. providing electrical conduction) are placed in a pattern inside a resonant cavity in order to match the maxima and minima of the optical field, respectively. The pattern may be periodic to match the periodicity of a typical electromagnetic field which is periodic with the wavelength. It may also be aperiodic in the case that the cross-section or materials are engineered along the direction of propagation such that the propagation constant (and thus wavelength, i.e. optical wave “local periodicity”) change along the propagation direction.

Abstract: A method for designing a filter to image a feature on a surface, comprising: acquiring an image of said feature, with said image of feature comprising information from multiple points of said feature; generating a structural model of said feature by extracting predetermined properties of said feature from said image of feature; computing a scattering model for said feature from said structural model of said feature, with said scattering model for feature having information on scattered electromagnetic field from feature propagating in a plurality of scattering angles, wherein said scattered electromagnetic field from feature is generated by scattering of an electromagnetic radiation by said feature; acquiring an image of said surface, with said image of surface comprising information from multiple points of said surface; generating a structural model of said surface by extracting predetermined properties of said surface from said image of surface; computing a scattering model for said surface from said struct

Abstract: Provided are a wireless access system provided with a remote unit capable of handling a high-frequency region without being made complicated, and a control method for the same. A wireless access system according to the present invention is provided with: a center unit (1); and a remote unit (3) that converts a baseband signal generated by the center unit (1) into a high-frequency signal and emits the high-frequency signal from an antenna (12). The center unit (1) includes a 1-bit modulator (5) that converts the baseband signal into a 1-bit signal on the basis of a generated clock signal and outputs the 1-bit signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical structure (100) for a motor vehicle headlight lighting device (1) that is set up to emit light forming a specified light pattern (LP1), wherein the optical structure (100) of the lighting device (1) is associated with the lighting device (1), or is part of it in such a way, that the optical structure (100) is transilluminated by essentially the entire luminous flux of the lighting device (1), and wherein the optical structure (100) consists of a number of optical structural elements (110) that have a light-scattering effect and that are designed in such a way that the unmodified light pattern (LP1) produced by the lighting device (1) is modified by the optical structure (100) into a specifiable modified light pattern (LP2), and wherein the optical structural elements (110) have a quadrilateral base area (202), i.e., the area (202) between the vertices (201) of a quadrilateral grid (200) is completely covered by the base area of exactly one optical structural element (110).

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a plurality images, an eye tracking sensor configured to detect a eye-focused area on the display unit, a reflective layer, a reflective control layer configured to change a regional reflectivity of the reflective layer, and a processor configured to receive the eye-focused area on the display unit from the eye tracking sensor, and determine a focus image within the eye-focused area and an unfocused image out of the eye-focused area, and cause the reflective control layer to reflect the unfocused image. In some embodiment, the processor is configured to cause the reflective control layer not to reflect the focused image.

Abstract: An optical system includes a silicon (Si) substrate, a buried oxide (BOX) layer formed on the substrate, a silicon nitride (SiN) layer formed above the BOX layer, and a SiN waveguide formed in the SiN layer. In some embodiments, the optical system may additionally include an interposer waveguide adiabatically coupled to the SiN waveguide to form a SiN-interposer adiabatic coupler that includes at least the tapered section of the SiN waveguide, the optical system further including at least one of: a cavity formed in the Si substrate at least beneath the SiN-interposer adiabatic coupler or an oxide overlay formed between a top of a SiN core of the SiN waveguide and a bottom of the interposer waveguide. Alternatively or additionally, the optical system may additionally include a multimode Si—SiN adiabatic coupler that includes a SiN taper of a SiN waveguide and a Si taper of a Si waveguide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a driving method for an SOA integrated EA-DFB laser monolithically-integrating a DFB laser portion, an EA modulator portion and an SOA portion, on a same substrate, wherein an electric current ISOA is injected into the SOA portion within a range of a power consumption not exceeding a total amount of a power consumption eliminated in the DFB laser portion of the SOA integrated EA-DFB laser and a power consumption eliminated in the EA modulator portion of the SOA integrated EA-DFB laser by eliminating an elimination amount ?IDFB from a maximum injection electric current into a DFB laser portion of an EA-DFB laser allowable in a case of mounting the EA-DFB laser on an optical transmission module.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to optical communication systems and methods thereof. In various embodiments, the present invention provides method for linearizing Mach Zehnder modulators by digital pre-compensation and adjusting the gain of the driver and/or the modulation index. The pre-compensation can be implemented as a digital pre-compensation algorithm, which is a part of an adaptive feedback loop. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: There are provided a first optical member that is transparent and is formed in a thin plate shape; a Fresnel-shaped portion that is formed in a concentric form on one surface of the first optical member in the thickness direction; a half mirror layer that is formed on a surface of a Fresnel-shaped portion; a second optical member that is formed of a transparent filler for filling unevenness of a surface of the half mirror layer to form a flat surface; and a third optical member that has a transparent thin plate shape protecting an outside surface of the second optical member. A refractive index of the first optical member, a refractive index of the second optical member, and a refractive index of the third optical member are equal.

Abstract: An optical signal transmitter produces optical signals comprising QAM modulated vector signals generated using a single external electro-optical modulator operated in conjunction with a wavelength selective switch. The transmission processing achieves adaptive photonic frequency multiplication and comprises QAM modulated signals with high order constellations such as 8-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM and 64-QAM.

Abstract: A display device includes a first support plate and an opposing second support plate. At least a portion of a wall on the first support plate is associated with a pixel within a pixel region. The wall has a first segment, a second segment perpendicular to the first segment, and a third segment perpendicular to the first segment and parallel to the second segment. A first spacer on the second support plate extends toward the wall. The first spacer includes a first portion contacting the wall along a length of the first segment, a second portion coupled to the first portion and contacting the second segment along a first portion of the second segment, and a third portion coupled to the first portion and contacting the third segment along a first portion of the third segment.

Abstract: An electrochromic device may be switchable between a transparent state and at least one reflective state. A lithium-containing reflective feature may form when the electrochromic device is switched from the transparent state to the reflective state. Various products and methods may involve the electrochromic device.

Abstract: A method of making patterned structured solid surfaces is disclosed that includes filling a structured template with backfill material to produce a structured transfer film, patternwise curing the backfill material to produce cured areas and uncured areas in the structured transfer film, and laminating the structured transfer film to a receptor substrate. The structured template is capable of being removed to form structured and unstructured backfill layers. The structured and unstructured backfill layers may then be blanket cured. The backfill layer can include at least two different materials, one of which can be an adhesion promotion layer. In some embodiments the backfill layer includes a silsesquioxane such as polyvinyl silsesquioxane. The structured transfer film is a stable intermediate that can be covered temporarily with a release liner for storage and handling.

Abstract: A display device includes a first support plate. A pixel region is positioned over the first support plate. The pixel region includes a pixel and an electrode layer disposed between the first support plate and the pixel region. A specular reflective layer is disposed on the electrode layer. The specular reflective layer has a first refractive index. A diffusion layer is disposed on the specular reflective layer. The diffusion layer includes a plurality of islands. Each island of the plurality of islands is separated by a distance from an adjacent island of the plurality of islands, wherein a portion of the specular reflective layer is exposed between two adjacent islands of the plurality of islands. Each island has a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index.

Abstract: A planar lightwave circuit may include a set of components. The set of components may include an input waveguide to couple to an optical communications transceiver. The set of components may include an output waveguide to couple to the optical communications transceiver. The set of components may include a common port to couple to an optical fiber. The set of components may include a first polarization beam splitter. The set of components may include a second polarization beam splitter. The set of components may include a third polarization beam splitter. The set of components may include a rotator assembly including a Faraday rotator and a quarter-wave plate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for transmitting and receiving wireless power are disclosed. A transmitter may include one or more magnetic inductive coil(s) configured to transmit power, a plurality of drive loops, one or more switches connected to the plurality of drive loops, and a controller configured to connect or disconnect the drive loops using the one or more switches. A receiver may include one or more magnetic inductive coil(s) configured to receive power, a plurality of load loops, one or more switches connected to the plurality of load loops, and a controller configured to connect or disconnect the load loops using the one or more switches. The wireless power system may include inductive coils and RF antennas that are adaptively controlled and configured. A transmitter and/or a receiver may adaptively rotate, adjust orientation and/or location.

Abstract: A self-calibration procedure for an optical transmitter is provided. During the self-calibration procedure, a phase bias of an optical modulator of the optical transmitter is set so that an in-phase path and a quadrature path of the optical modulator are in phase. Stimulus signals are supplied to the in-phase and quadrature paths of the optical modulator, over a frequency range. Detection, with a photodetector, is made of an optical output of the optical modulator at a plurality of frequency steps over the frequency range. A photodetector converts an optical output of the optical modulator to an electrical signal. First and second measurement values are generated from the electrical signal output from the photodetector. A frequency spectrum and/or time delay is computed from the first and second measurement values for each frequency step value over the frequency range.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for fabricating high quality one- or two-dimensional diffractive waveplates and arrays that exhibit high diffraction efficiency and capable of inexpensive large volume production. A generally non-holographic and aperiodic polarization converter for converting the polarization of a coherent input light beam of a visible wavelength into a pattern of continuous spatial modulation at the output of the polarization converter. A photoresponsive material characterized by an anisotropy axis according to polarization of the light beam is exposed to a polarization modulation pattern and coated subsequently with an anisotropic material overlayer with ability of producing an optical axis orientation according to and under the influence of the anisotropy axis of the photoresponsive material layer.

Abstract: A holographic characterization and playback apparatus is provided, which includes a light source, an optical path-forming optical system for separating the light emitted from the light source into a probe light and a reference light of different polarizations, and combining optical paths of the probe light and the reference light.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to optical communication systems and methods thereof. In various embodiments, the present invention provides method for linearizing Mach Zehnder modulators by digital pre-compensation and adjusting the gain of the driver and/or the modulation index. The pre-compensation can be implemented as a digital pre-compensation algorithm, which is a part of an adaptive feedback loop. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: A tunable optical device uses a diffraction grating to angularly disperse a collimated beam carrying multiple wavelengths into multiple individually collimated wavelength beams, and then refocuses each of the individual collimated beams to its own focusing point on a moving plate that is located in the region of the focus plane. One or more reflective dots on the moving plate then selectively reflect particular wavelength(s) back to a first output port. The unselected wavelengths are transmitted through the moving plate, where they are then recombined and sent to a second output port. In a typical optical network architecture, the selected wavelength(s) could be viewed as the dropped traffic at a node of the optical network, while the unselected wavelengths could be viewed as the express traffic that is being passed to another node of the network. The device can also be used as a wavelength or beam combiner as well as a splitter.

Abstract: Systems, and related methods, relating generally to electro-absorption modulation are described. In a system therefor, there is a waveguide. A photodetector is configured with respect to the waveguide for detecting luminous intensity of an optical signal. An electro-absorption modulator is configured with respect to the waveguide for electro-absorption modulation of the optical signal. An integrated heating element is located alongside and spaced apart from both the photodetector and the electro-absorption modulator. the integrated heating element is configured for controllably heating the photodetector and the electro-absorption modulator.

Abstract: An optical interferometer device is provided including a waveguide interferometer. The waveguide interferometer includes first and second waveguide arms in a waveguide plane, each waveguide arm including a n-type region and a p-type region forming a junction. The n-type region and the p-type region of the second waveguide arm are translationally symmetric with respect to the n-type region and the p-type region, respectively, of the first waveguide arm in the waveguide plane.

Abstract: Optical signaling is implemented by modulating visible light with variable pulse position modulation (VPPM). VPPM is a composite waveform and its optical signal includes a Start Frame Delimiter (SFD) which indicates start of optical signaling. To identify modulated lights, the duty cycle is periodically changed in the waveform to induce an AM envelope at a frequency higher than the response of the human eye. The signal is then sampled via a camera producing an alias frequency that produces noticeable blinking. Because the communication is asynchronous, the desired camera frame rate (fc) in relationship to the modulation bit rate timing clock (or symbol rate, fs) is only approximate. Consequently, a frequency offset develops between the camera frame rate (fc) and the symbol rate (fs) in transmission of long packets. The disclosed embodiments provide a detection algorithm, system and apparatus to provide clock offset tracking and correction.

Abstract: A stylus includes an elongate gripping member terminating at a writing tip, a communication interface housed within the elongate gripping member, a touch-sensitive retention clip extending from the elongate gripping member, and a controller housed within the elongate gripping member. The communication interface is configured to wirelessly communicate with a computing device. The controller is configured to detect a position or movement of a finger along a length of the touch-sensitive retention clip, and send to the computing device, via the communication interface, information based on the position or movement of the finger along the length of the touch-sensitive retention clip.

Abstract: A waveguide configured for use with a near eye display (NED) device can include a light-transmissive substrate configured to propagate light rays through total internal reflection and a switchable diffractive optical element (DOE) on a surface of the substrate that is configured to input and/or output light rays to and/or from the substrate. According to some embodiments, the switchable DOE can include diffractive properties that vary across an area of the DOE. In some embodiments, the switchable DOE includes a surface relief diffraction grating (SRG) a surface of the substrate, a layer of liquid crystal material in contact with the SRG, a layer of conducting material in contact with the liquid crystal material configured to apply the voltage to the liquid crystal material, and a layer of insulating material over the layer of conducting material.

Abstract: In one example, a method includes outputting, by a power supply and across a supply node and a ground node, a supply power signal; and selectively outputting, by a driver, a power signal to a second terminal of a light emitting element that has a first terminal and the second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the light emitting element is coupled to a load node, wherein a supply terminal of the driver is coupled to the supply node, wherein a ground terminal driver is coupled to the ground node, and wherein a difference between a potential of the supply node and a potential of the ground node is less than an activation voltage of the light emitting element.

Abstract: A waveguide including a substrate, an assembly of semiconductor regions consecutively extending on the substrate along a direction corresponding to a propagation direction of an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength noted ?, the semiconductor regions being electrically alternately doped with a first conductivity type and with a second conductivity type along the propagation direction, a dielectric layer interposed between two consecutive semiconductor regions, at least one pair of consecutive elementary structures having a dimensions along the propagation direction adapted to ? to form a grating where the light propagates with no diffraction effects.

Abstract: A system and method for eye monitoring using the natural reflections of the lenses and human eyes. The system includes a frame worn on the head of a user containing side supports and lenses. A light source and a camera are mounted on the side supports, so that they are located behind the eyes of the user, when the system is being worn by the user. The camera captures the natural light reflections from the lenses and the eye retinas, and uses the data to calculate a position or orientation of a user gaze.

Abstract: The instant disclosure provides a head-up display device including an accommodating housing, a projection panel assembly, a protective cover, a transmission means, and a switching means. The transmission means includes a first transmission unit and a second transmission unit. The switching means is switched to drive the first transmission unit or the second transmission unit. Thereby, the first transmission unit is driven by the switching means to move the protective cover, or the second transmission unit is driven by the switching means to move the projection panel assembly relative to the accommodating housing.

Abstract: An optical transmitter has an electrical signal generator configured to generate an electrical drive signal based upon input data; an optical modulator configured to modulate an input light by the electrical drive signal, the optical modulator having a first waveguide pair, a second waveguide pair, and a phase shifter that provides a phase difference between light waves travelling through the first waveguide pair and the second waveguide pair; and a controller configured to set the phase difference at the phase shifter to 0+n*? radians, where it is an integer, when a modulation scheme of the optical modulator is changed from a first scheme using four or more phase values to a second scheme using two phase values.

Abstract: An iterative method of retrieving phase information in the Fourier domain representative of the nth frame of a sequence of 2D image frames. The method comprises using at least one parameter related to retrieval of phase information Fourier domain of the (n?1) frame as a starting point for the iterative method.

Abstract: A substrate for an organic light-emitting device (OLED) with enhanced light extraction efficiency, a method of manufacturing the same and an OLED having the same, in which the light extraction efficiency is enhanced, thereby reducing the phenomenon of color shift in which color changes depending on the position of a viewer within the viewing angle. The transparent substrate used in an OLED includes an anode, an organic light-emitting layer and a cathode which are stacked on each other, the transparent substrate comprising a porous layer in at least one portion of one surface thereof that adjoins the organic light-emitting device, a refractive index of the porous layer being smaller than a refractive index of the transparent substrate.

Abstract: A transmitter unit for wireless transmission of power by way of a bundled laser beam is described. The transmitter unit has a laser fiber bundle having a plurality of laser fibers, wherein each laser fiber is designed to emit a laser beam; positioning optics for adjusting an emission direction of the bundled laser beam; a field lens and a primary lens. The plurality of laser fibers is designed to emit a laser beam from each, passing through the positioning optics, the collimator lens and the primary lens, in this order, so that the laser beam emitted by the transmitter unit is emitted in bundled form. A particularly efficient device with an unlimited flight time and a large radius of use is achieved by the hybrid drive with solar power and laser power from the ground and temporary storage of the power in batteries.

Abstract: Instead of using a clear or a semi-transparent notch within an electrowetting display, a colored notch that is the same color of the pixel region extends from one of the pixel walls toward an opposing pixel wall of the pixel region. The colored notches follow a non-flipped arrangement within each of the pixel regions. For example, each colored notch is adjacent to the same respective pixel wall for a pixel region. In other configurations, the colored notches follow a flipped arrangement within each of the pixel regions. For example, a colored notch of one pixel region and a colored notch of another pixel region are adjacent to the same pixel wall (on opposing sides). Instead of including a separate white sub pixel for each pixel, each pixel region is at least partially covered by a white color filter and a color filter that is the color of the pixel.

Abstract: In photonic integrated circuits implemented in silicon-on-insulator substrates, non-conductive channels formed, in accordance with various embodiments, in the silicon device layer and/or the silicon handle of the substrate in regions underneath radio-frequency transmission lines of photonic devices can provide breaks in parasitic conductive layers of the substrate, thereby reducing radio-frequency substrate losses.

Abstract: A device and a method to measure the concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in tissue around a tumor via near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with a photonic mixer device (PMD) is described.

Abstract: An optical element includes a light guide plate with a first major surface and with a second major surface opposite the first major surface and with side faces connecting the first and second major surfaces, wherein the light guide plate includes a matrix material transparent to ultraviolet light in which scattering centers are embedded, at least one light-emitting semiconductor device that couples ultraviolet light into the light guide plate via a side face when in operation, a first filter layer on the first major surface and a second filter layer on the second major surface, wherein the filter layers opaque to ultraviolet light and at least partially transparent to visible light, and a first photochromic layer at least on the first major surface, between the light guide panel and the first filter layer, with a transparency to visible light by ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A device described herein includes a movable MEMS mirror, with a driver configured to drive the movable MEMS mirror with a periodic signal such that the MEMS mirror oscillates at its resonance frequency. A feedback measuring circuit is configured to measure a signal flowing through the movable MEMS mirror. A processor is configured to sample the signal at first and second instants, generate an error signal as a function of a difference between the signal at the first instant in time and the signal at the second instant in time, and determine the opening angle of the movable MEMS mirror as a function of the error signal.

Abstract: An optical modulator comprising a waveguide for propagating an optical signal comprising a proximate arm configured to communicate a proximate portion of the optical signal, and a distal arm configured to communicate a distal portion of the optical signal, a proximate diode configured to modulate the proximate portion of the optical signal, a distal diode configured to modulate the distal portion of the optical signal, and an electrical input electrically coupled to opposite signed interfaces of the proximate diode and the distal diode such that an electrical driving signal propagated along the electrical input causes an equal and opposite modulation of the proximate portion of the optical signal in the proximate arm of the waveguide and the distal portion of the optical signal in the distal arm of the waveguide.

Abstract: A light interconnection device includes a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide including first and second metal layers and a dielectric layer provided between the first and second metal layers, and a plasmonic antenna including a slot penetrating through the second metal layer.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided. The apparatus may include a drive circuit that selectively supplies a first plurality of electrical signals and a second plurality of electrical signals to a modulation circuit. Based on the first plurality of electrical signals, the modulation circuit may output a first in-phase component being modulated in accordance with a first tone having a first frequency and a first quadrature component being modulated in accordance with a second tone having a second frequency different than the first frequency. Based on the second plurality of electrical signals, the modulation circuit may output a second optical signal having a second in-phase component being modulated in accordance with the second tone and a second quadrature component being modulated in accordance with the first tone.

Abstract: A method of pumping an optical resonator includes directing light generated by a pumping light at the optical resonator, exciting a propagating surface state of the optical resonator at an interface of the optical resonator, and changing a propagating frequency of the light proximate the interface, where the changed frequency corresponds to a propagation frequency of the surface state. The optical resonator includes a photonic crystal and a material, where the interface is formed between the photonic crystal and the material.

Abstract: An enhanced vision system can be used on a vehicle such as an aircraft. The vision system includes a lens, a sensor array and a chromic layer disposed between the lens and the sensor array. A method can protect a focal plane array associated with an enhanced vision or other sensor from solar exposure. The method includes providing a focal plane sensor array and providing at least one photochromic layer in front of the focal plane array.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a modulation block comprising a plurality of modulators, wherein each of the plurality of modulators comprises an optical input port and an optical output port, and wherein all of the optical input ports and all of the optical output ports are positioned on one face of the modulation block. Another apparatus comprising a modulation block comprising one or more Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs), wherein each MZM is coupled to an optical input port, an optical output port, and at least one electrical trace, wherein all of the optical input ports and all of the optical output ports are positioned on a first side of the modulation block, and wherein all of the electrical traces are positioned on a second side of the modulation block, and a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) coupled to the modulation block via an optical interface.

Abstract: The disclosure provides 3D glasses and a display device. The 3D glasses include a frame, a left lens and a right lens. Each of the left lens and the right lens includes a transparent base layer and a light-sensitive material layer. The light-sensitive material layer is in a first state when being irradiated by a light beam with a predetermined characteristic and in a second state when being not irradiated by the light beam with the predetermined characteristic. The first state is one of a light-transmitting state and a light-proof state, and the second state is the other one of the light-transmitting state and the light-proof state.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention is an optical element that combines light waves using a spatial optical system, including a housing section, an optical waveguide element, a combine section, and a collimator section is provided. The housing section has a storage space and is formed by joining two or more members together. The optical waveguide element is provided in the storage space and emits at least two light waves. The combine section is provided outside the storage space and combines the light waves emitted from the optical waveguide element outside the housing section using a spatial optical system. The collimator section is connected to the housing section, holds the combine section, and includes a light focusing section configured to focus a light wave combined by the combine section and an optical fiber to which the light wave focused by the light focusing section is introduced.

Abstract: A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer and a first current modulating structure on a surface thereof, the first current modulating structure comprising a composite of a resistive material and a patterned insulating material, the first current modulating structure having a cross-layer resistance to the flow of electrical current through the first current modulating structure that varies as a function of position.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a reflective display particle, the method including: (a) preparing first and second dispersion solutions by dispersing first and second reflective display materials that reflect light in different wavelength ranges into first and second media that contain a curable material and are unmixed with each other, respectively; (b) forming an emulsion by mixing the prepared first and second dispersion solutions, and encapsulating the emulsion into a capsule; and (c) having the first and second dispersion solutions contained in the encapsulated emulsion undergo phase separation, and curing the phase-separated first and second dispersion solutions by applying energy to the phase-separated first and second dispersion solutions.

Abstract: A hologram is constructed from individual subholograms assigned to corresponding encoding regions in a light modulation device and respectively assigned to an object point of the object to be reconstructed with the hologram. With a virtual observer window, a defined viewing region is provided through which a reconstructed scene in a reconstruction space is observed by an observer. A complex value of a wavefront for each individual object point is calculated in the virtual observer window. Each individual amplitude of a complex value of a wavefront in the virtual observer window is subsequently multiplied by a correction value with which a correction of the angle selectivity of at least one volume grating arranged downstream in the beam path of the light modulation device is carried out. The corrected complex values determined in this way for all object points are summed and transformed into the hologram plane of the light modulation device.