Abstract: A service packet forwarding method and an apparatus, where the method includes receiving, by a classifier, a first service packet, generating, by the classifier, a second service packet according to a packet characteristic, and sending, by the classifier, the second service packet to a forwarder. Each piece of service chain information indicates a route of one service chain, a service packet carries multiple pieces of service chain information, and routes of multiple service chains constitute an entire path for forwarding the service packet.

Abstract: A method for communications optimization includes receiving a request, by a network controller, for transmitting communications traffic from a first communications device to a second communications device. The communications traffic includes a particular traffic volume. The method also includes configuring, by the network controller, a plurality of nodes in a communications network using software-defined networking (SDN) to form a single logical switch for transmitting the communications traffic from the first communications device to the second communications device in response to receiving the request for transmitting the communications traffic. The communications network is configured for Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN).

Abstract: A technique for routing datagrams between customer equipments, CEs, (102) and a pool (110) of broadband network gateways, BNGs, (112) is provided. As to a device aspect (120) of the technique, a first establishing unit (122) is configured to establish a first connection (123) between the device (120) and each of the CEs (102). A second establishing unit (124) is configured to establish a second connection (125) between the device (120) and each BNG (112) in the pool (110) of BNGs (112). A mapping unit (126) is configured to map each of the first connections (123) to one of the second connections (125). The mapping specifies the routing of the datagrams.

Abstract: In a network handover method, after UE located on an LTE network initiates a request message that requests CSFB, an MME instructs an enodeB to move the UE from the LTE network to a 2G or 3G network, and requests an MSC to hand over the UE from the LTE network to a CS domain of the 2G or 3G network for the CSFB, so that the 2G or 3G network allocates a CS domain resource to the UE. Further, by determining that an IMS voice session does not exist, it is identified that the handover of the UE from the LTE network to the CS domain of the 2G or 3G network is triggered by the CSFB, so as to ensure that handover from the LTE network is properly performed.

Abstract: An I/O board of a VXLAN switch receives a multicast data packet having a VXLAN encapsulation, removes the VXLAN encapsulation, determines that layer 3 multicast forwarding is to be performed for the multicast data packet, and sends the multicast data packet to a fabric board of the VXLAN switch. The fabric board determines that layer 3 multicast forwarding is to be performed by the fabric board for the multicast data packet. When a multicast group member port corresponding to the multicast data packet is a VLAN port, the fabric board sends the multicast data packet to each I/O board on the VXLAN switch. Each I/O board sends the received multicast data packet to a VLAN according to a layer 3 multicast group entry used for forwarding the received multicast data packet. The layer 3 multicast group entry being included in a local layer 3 multicast group table.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for propagating optical signals via a cascaded line of support devices for electrically powered wiring devices and low voltage IoTs and Ai devices, combined into homes and high-rise units for operating, controlling and reporting home automation via optical, electrical and wireless communication with no collision, by providing traffic control for signals propagation. The cascaded devices linked via plastic optical fiber or other optical cable are aided by a series of testers during installation and beyond, with the electrical and low voltage devices are installed by a plug-in action into the cascaded devices and removed by a pull hand tool.

Abstract: Multiple data bearers may be configured for a user equipment (UE) for carrier aggregation and may be split among multiple evolved nodeBs (eNBs). The eNBs may be selected to serve the multiple data bearers for the UE based on various criteria such as channel conditions, loading, and the like. Various eNBs may be selected to serve data bearers for UE on a per data bearer basis, so that a particular eNB may be selected to serve each data bearer of the UE. Each data packet for the UE may then be sent via an appropriate data bearer.

Abstract: A method of routing traffic for multi-cast routing through a node of a network that utilizes loop-free alternative paths is presented. The method includes receiving a join in the node from a second node in the network on a shortest path between the node and the second node; retrieving loop-free alternative paths to the second node; and adding an entry to a multi-cast routing table at the node that is based on a group that includes the shortest path to the second node and the loop-free alternative paths to the second node as cost equivalent paths.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a network assigns two multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) labels to a single flexible cross-connection maintained by the device for a plurality of endpoint. The device establishes an Ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) backup path to a peer router for the flexible cross-connection in part by exchanging the MPLS labels with the peer router. The device detects a communication failure that resulted from attempting to send a packet between a first one of the endpoints and a second one of the endpoints using local switching on the device and via the flexible cross-connection. The device sends the packet towards the second endpoint using the EVPN backup path to the peer router, after detecting the communication failure and without first using Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) signaling to signal the communication failure to the peer router.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus having logic elements to: receive an incoming packet associated with a first service function chain; identify a next hop service function for the incoming packet as a non-reactive service function; create a duplicate packet; forward the duplicate packet to the non-reactive service function; and forward the incoming packet to a next reactive service function.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for binding with a device. The method includes: determining whether the device is connected to a designated wireless network; and when the device is connected to the designated wireless network, sending to a server a binding request for binding a user account with the device. The binding request carries the user account and is configured to trigger the server to start a binding process within a preset time period. The server establishes a binding relationship between the user account and the device when the server receives a binding confirmation message sent by the device within the preset time period.

Abstract: A wireless device receives a downlink control information (DCI) on a primary cell. The DCI may comprise a field instructing a wireless device to activate a secondary cell. The wireless device activates the secondary cell in response to receiving the DCI.

Abstract: A system for topology state tracking includes a client device requesting network topology information, and a topology engine coupled to one or more network device. The topology engine includes at least one processor, and non-transitory computer readable media having encoded thereon computer software having a set of instructions executable by the at least one processor to perform one or more operations. The set of instructions includes instructions to receive state information associated with at least one network service, generate network topology information based on the state information, determine changes in the network topology for the at least one network service, update the network topology information, provide access to the network topology information by the client device, receive a request for network topology information from the client device, and transmit the network topology information to the client device.

Abstract: A method for communication among multiple on-die functional blocks using multiple communication networks is disclosed. The method may include sending a request from a first functional block via a first network. In response to receiving the request, a second functional block may respond to the first functional block via a second network. The second functional block may also send any requested data to the first functional block via a third network.

Abstract: A system has a group of nodes that perform multi-hop communication therebetween and a communications apparatus that communicates with a node included in the group of nodes. The node adds to data transmitted by the node, a hop count updated each time the data is transferred by the multi-hop communication and a reference hop count for the data to be transferred from the node to the communications apparatus, and transmits the data. The communications apparatus, when receiving the data, compares the reference hop count and the hop count added to the data, and based on a result of comparison, determines whether failure has occurred at a given node in the group of nodes.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for managing content delivery in a packetized network. The network provide content to a plurality of clients via a plurality of nodes. A security threat associated with one of the nodes is detected and in response the host uses border gateway protocol to communicate non-forwarding table information informing one or more nodes of the network of the threat. In another variant, communication allows the nodes to take local action to protect themselves. This same local action occurs on the host, allowing it to continue serving content. The host utilizes BGP to dynamically inform nodes of changes in the network traffic delivery rules, such as causing traffic to different clients having different levels of reliability and/or provided on a best-effort basis. The BGP may be utilized to add/remove routes or nodes and to identify and respond to potentially malicious activities, changes in network configuration, and/or delivery requirements.

Abstract: The techniques and systems described herein implement direct memory access in association with a wireless data transfer. In one example, data units are received at a device and it is determined that the data units have been transferred using low-power consumption data transfer and that the data units are to be directly stored in a predetermined memory (e.g., a dedicated memory) of the device. In another example, a first device provides an instruction to a partner device to store data in specific storage location(s) so that the data can be retrieved from the specific storage location(s) without interrupting a main processor of the partner device. The data may also be directly stored in the predetermined memory of the first device without interrupting a main processor of the first device.

Abstract: A method is described that determines that a replacement node device has been connected to a mesh network, the replacement node device corresponding to an original node that has been removed from the mesh network. In response to determining that the replacement node device has been connected to the mesh network, network topology data is accessed that specifies one or more data routing configurations that are each associated with a node device included in the mesh network. From among the one or more data routing configurations specified by the network topology data, a particular data routing configuration is identified that is associated with the original node device that has been removed from the mesh network. Data that specifies the particular data routing configuration that is associated with the original node device that has been removed from the mesh network is provided to the replacement node device.

Abstract: A redundantly operable industrial communication system having a plurality of communication devices redundantly linked to an industrial communication network within a ring or tree topology, and a plurality of communication devices inter connected within a linear topology, wherein a communication device configured as a ring portion redundancy manager within the linear topology comprises a monitoring and control unit that detects an interruption within the linear topology using transmitted test messages and controls forwarding of messages containing useful data between two ports, associated with the linear topology, of the communication device configured as a ring portion redundancy manager when an interruption is detected, and first and second communication devices return test messages received within the linear topology to the communication device configured as a ring portion redundancy manager or send test messages to the communication device configured as the ring portion redundancy manager.

Abstract: An initial data center is selected to host an online conference. This data center can be selected based on the geographical locations of the participants. Typically, the data center closest to the centroid of the participants is selected. During (or before) the conference call, an ‘effective’ centroid is calculated based on effective distances. Effective distances are based on a combination of the physical distance between a participant and a data center, and an effective distance factor (or weighting) that is based on one or more of the participant's device/driver type, the participant's network type, the participant's connection type, and a participant weighting factor.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system for transmitting a link state message in a network. During operation, the system obtains a network topology for the network. Next, the system uses the network topology to identify a reflood set of neighbors of the flooding node for reaching a set of two-hop neighbors of the flooding node. The system then transmits a link state message with an indication to reflood the link state message to the reflood set of neighbors. Finally, the system transmits the link state message without the indication to reflood to remaining neighbors of the flooding node that form a non-reflood set.

Abstract: An example method is provided and may include configuring a Home Node B (HNB) with a plurality of Radio Network Controller (RNC) identifiers (IDs), wherein each global RNC ID is associated with one of a plurality of HNB gateways (HNB-GWs); broadcasting a first UTRAN cell ID (UC-ID) by the HNB when the HNB is served by a first HNB-GW; and switching the broadcasting from the first UC-ID to a second UC-ID and re-parenting the HNB to a second HNB-GW, when the HNB loses connectivity with the first HNB-GW. In at least one case, the method can further include identifying, when the HNB loses connectivity with the first HNB-GW and prior to the re-parenting, the second HNB-GW from the plurality of HNB gateways based on a weight factor assigned to the second HNB-GW.

Abstract: A method performed by a wireless device for handling suspension of a connection between the wireless device and a wireless communications network. The wireless communications network comprises the first network node. The wireless device receives information from the first network node. The information comprises a first identifier identifying a first cell area. The first cell area comprises one or more cells capable of resuming the connection. The wireless device suspends the connection in a first cell out of the one or more cells. When selecting a cell access method for a cell the wireless device determines whether or not resumption of the connection is allowed in the cell based on the information from the network node.

Abstract: An example method is provided and may include steps of configuring a HeNB with plurality of global eNode B identities (global eNB IDs), where each global eNB ID is associated with one of a plurality of HeNB gateways (HeNB-GWs), and broadcasting a first global eNB ID by the HeNB when the HeNB is served by a first HeNB-GW. When/if the HeNB loses connectivity with the first HeNB-GW, the method provides a step of switching the broadcasting from the first global eNB ID to a second global eNB ID and re-parenting the HeNB, now broadcasting or is configured to start/continue broadcasting the second global eNB ID, from being served by the first HeNB-GW to being served by a second HeNB-GW.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for processing non-unicast routes information in a TRILL network and a corresponding RBridge, wherein the RBridge has a neighbor relation with a plurality of other RBridges in the TRILL network, and the RBridge is the RBridge which computes non-unicast routes information in the neighbor relation, and in the method, the RBridge executes steps of: sending an acknowledgement message to the plurality of other RBridges, wherein the acknowledgement message acknowledges that the RBridge is the RBridge which computes the non-unicast routes information; obtaining a network topology related to the non-unicast routes information in the TRILL network; computing the non-unicast routes information based on the network topology; and distributing the computed non-unicast routes information to the plurality of other RBridges. The method and the corresponding RBridge are capable of reducing consumption of CPU resource of RBridges in the TRILL network.

Abstract: A method implemented in a network element (NE) configured to operate in an information centric network (ICN), comprising receiving a plurality of test traffic flows, wherein the test traffic flows are copies of a number of traffic flows received in a forwarding plane of the ICN during a defined interval; emulating the ICN at a state determined at an arrival time of the test traffic flows to the NE and defined based on a plurality of active traffic flows in the ICN; measuring a first impact of a plurality of first candidate paths for a first test traffic flow from the test traffic flows in the emulated ICN to the active traffic flows; selecting one of the first candidate paths based on the first impact measurement; measuring a second impact of a plurality of second candidate paths for a second test traffic flow from the test traffic flows in the emulated ICN to active traffic flows and the selected first candidate test path; selecting one of the second candidate paths based on the second impact measurement; an

Abstract: A wireless parameter control device comprises: a serving cell prediction unit (11) which predicts a wireless cell which is a connection destination of a first wireless terminal within a first wireless cell upon assuming that an offset value which is added to the wireless quality which the first wireless terminal measures for each wireless cell is changed to a prescribed candidate value; a communication speed index prediction unit (12) which predicts a communication speed index of the first wireless terminal upon assuming that the offset value is changed to the prescribed candidate value and/or a communication speed index of a second wireless terminal within a second wireless cell which is present in the periphery of the first wireless cell; and a coverage control unit (13) which, on the basis of the result of the prediction of the communication speed index, controls the coverage of the first wireless cell and/or the coverage of the second wireless cell.

Abstract: A short-range wireless communication network may be established by direct communication between two or more wireless communication devices and/or communication via an access point to permit game play between a plurality of devices. A conventional cellular telephone includes an integrated short-range transceiver. The short-range transceivers of multiple wireless communication devices can be coupled together to dynamically form a short-range communication network without utilizing any wireless communication network supported by a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). Data is disseminated between the wireless communication devices using a data message synchronization process. Messages may also be carried from one wireless network to another as the communication devices are carried by individuals.

Abstract: Techniques for validating configuration changes in a mixed node topology are provided. In one embodiment, a device can identify a link to be removed from a topology comprising a plurality of nodes, where the plurality of nodes includes one or more nodes of a first type and one or more nodes of a second type. The device can then determine whether the removal of the link from the topology would require data traffic between two nodes of the first type to pass through a node of the second type.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for fast convergence for virtual ethernet segments in EVPN and PBB-EVPN networks are disclosed. A first provider edge (PE) device can receive one or more advertising messages corresponding to one or more virtual ethernet segments, wherein each of the one or more advertising messages can include a port identifier. The first PE device maintains a table including the one or more virtual ethernet segments and the corresponding port identifier. The first PE device can receive a failure message from a second PE device that identifies a first port on the second PE device, and identifies, based on the table, at least one affected virtual ethernet segment that is associated with the first port. The first PE device can remove any routes that are associated with the at least one affected virtual ethernet segment and trigger mass designated-forwarding election for impacted virtual ethernet segments.

Abstract: APPARATUSES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINING A VIRTUAL MACHINE STATE (“CRV”) (transforms register retrieval requests, via CRV components, into boot success messages and screenshot capture command invocation outputs. A method comprises determining when to capture a screenshot of a virtual machine's display output by observing the values of a virtual CPU's registers, or the entropy of the virtual CPU's register values, obtained from a hypervisor in communication with the virtual machine's virtual CPU. The method further comprises determining when the virtual machine is at a boot success state and capturing a screenshot of the virtual machine display output.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for providing quick designated router transitions in broadcast networks is presented. An Alternate Designated Router (ADR) in a network detects node failure of a Designated Router (DR) prior to other nodes of the network detecting the failure of the DR. In response to the detecting node failure of the DR, the ADR floods the network with a link state packet of a pseudonode within the network. At least one other node of the network detects failure of the DR. The at least one other node computes routes to take into account the failure of the DR by the at least one other node of the network, wherein there is minimal traffic loss since the pseudonodes link state packet is already present before the computing routes takes place.

Abstract: In a network handover method, after UE located on an LTE network initiates a request message that requests CSFB, an MME instructs an enodeB to move the UE from the LTE network to a 2G or 3G network, and requests an MSC to hand over the UE from the LTE network to a CS domain of the 2G or 3G network for the CSFB, so that the 2G or 3G network allocates a CS domain resource to the UE. Further, by determining that an IMS voice session does not exist, it is identified that the handover of the UE from the LTE network to the CS domain of the 2G or 3G network is triggered by the CSFB, so as to ensure that handover from the LTE network is properly performed.

Abstract: There are provided measures for mobility management for device-to-device communications. Such measures exemplarily include receiving a radio handover request message indicating that a radio handover of at least one communication endpoint utilizing device-to-device communication is to be hidden from core network, and determining, based on device-to-device context information, which is information on said device-to-device communication, and/or on information on said at least one communication endpoint, whether a notification of said radio handover is to be transmitted.

Abstract: Rather than there being a requirement that specific instructions be issued to cause a transport network tunnel to be configured, it is proposed herein to have a transport node autonomously determine that a transport network tunnel is to be configured and, responsively, cause the transport network tunnel to be configured. In general, a transport node (an L0/L1 device) adjacent to the packet device at the origin of LACP messages snoops on the LACP messages. The transport node may determine, based on the contents of a control LACP message, that a new packet network link is to be established between the origin packet device and a destination packet device. Responsive to the determining, the transport node adjacent to the origin packet device causes a transport network tunnel to be established between one of its ports and a port at a transport node adjacent the destination packet device.

Abstract: For protecting traffic on paths extending from a source client entity (CE1) to a destination client entity (CE2) via an optical transport network and attachment circuits at ingress (A,B) and egress (C,D) nodes, there are multiple paths within the OTN network, and the attachment circuits are dual homed. By sending (120) an indication of operational status of the dual homed attachment circuits within overhead associated with the traffic and sent with the traffic through the network, a selection can be made (130) of which of the provided paths and attachment circuits to use for the traffic, based on the indicated operational status, and on OTN fault detection, to protect against a fault in the attachment circuit or in the OTN network. Thus protection can extend across the edge nodes without the complexity and delays involved in interworking of separate protection schemes and without a control plane.

Abstract: A node in network is configured to buffer data received from other nodes across multiple channels. The node process a portion of the buffered data associated with a subset of those channels. When the node receives data on that subset of channels that includes a notification, the node then processes a larger portion of the buffered data associated with a larger number of channels. In doing so, the node may identify additional notifications include within data that was buffered but not previously processed. The node may also coordinate with other nodes in order to process buffered data upon identification of a notification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for optimizing a real cellular, wireless communication network that combines mobility load balancing (MLB) with coverage and capacity optimization (CCO) in a joint and coordinated optimization. An optimal set of physical base station parameters is determined by performing an iterative direct search. The iterative direct search comprises a partitioning strategy to jointly determine an optimal partition of the served area and an associated optimal load of each of the plurality of base stations for a current set of physical base station parameters for each direct search iteration; said partitioning strategy using an updated value of the received power of the pilot or reference signal for each the plurality of user locations associated with the current set of physical base station parameters for each direct search iteration. (FIG.

Abstract: A network management server stores, in terms of a transmission path within the network, each occurrence pattern of a failure occurrence area in which a failure has occurred in a communication apparatus through which the transmission path passes. Information for identifying a recovery plane serving as a set of recovery paths corresponding to each occurrence pattern and information for identifying the communication apparatus through which each of the recovery paths passes is also stored. When a failure occurs in any one of the plurality of areas, whether or not the failure corresponds to any one of the failure occurrence patterns, the information for identifying the recovery plane corresponding to the identified failure occurrence patterns is acquired; and the communication apparatus through which each of the recovery paths included in the recovery plane passes is notified of the information for identifying the recovery plane acquired.

Abstract: For protecting traffic from a source client entity (CE1) to a destination client entity (CE2) via an optical transport network and attachment circuits at ingress (A,B) and egress (C,D) nodes, there are multiple paths within the OTN, and the attachment circuits are dual homed. By sending (120) an indication of operational status of the dual homed attachment circuits within overhead associated with the traffic and sent with the traffic through the network, a selection can be made (130) of which of the provided paths and attachment circuits to use for the traffic, based on the indicated operational status, and on OTN fault detection, to protect against a fault. Thus protection can extend across the edge nodes without interworking of separate protection schemes and without a control plane. Traffic flows can be multiplexed at the ingress, with the indication in the overhead having separate indications for each of the traffic flows.

Abstract: Synchronous FHSS networks operating within mesh networks typically require a certain amount of network traffic to maintain time as well as for executing other functions, such as registration and neighbor discovery. The concepts presented in this disclosure provide a mesh network with enhanced communication capabilities without adding significant hardware or firmware costs to nodes within the network. The disclosed concept of using acquisition channels (frequencies) integrated within FHSS pseudo-random sequences speeds network responses to conditions like outage and restoration. Assignment of unique hop sequences by hop level or at time of manufacture can guarantee minimal network contention while minimizing system network traffic.

Abstract: An air-to-ground communications system includes at least one base station to be positioned on the ground and including a ground-based transceiver, a phased array antenna coupled to the ground-based transceiver, and a beamforming network coupled to the ground-based transceiver. The ground-based transceiver is configured to provide data traffic and control information to an aircraft. The beamforming network is configured to simultaneously generate at least one narrow antenna beam for the data traffic and at least one wide beam for the control information.

Abstract: Systems and methods that enhance radio link performance in a multi-carrier environment. A method may be performed by a UE that includes scanning a plurality of carrier components for a primary cell, determining a first bandwidth of the primary cell, scanning for a secondary cell, determining a second bandwidth of the secondary cell, determining a maximum aggregated bandwidth by combining the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth and when the maximum aggregated bandwidth exceeds a bandwidth capability of the UE, performing a cell selection procedure to select one of the primary cell or the secondary cell based on a higher of the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth.

Abstract: A method assigns backhaul links in a cooperative wireless network including a control unit (CU) connected to a set of access points (APs) by a set of backhaul links, and wherein the APs are connected to an end user by wireless channels. A reliability of each backhaul link is determined to produce a set of reliabilities. A distance between each AP and the end user is determined to produce a set of distances. Using the set of reliabilities and the set of distances, probabilities of successful reception of a message transmitted from the CU to the end user via the backhaul links and the wireless channels are determined. Then, the backhaul links are assigned according to the probabilities of successful reception of the message by the end user.

Abstract: The methods and devices discussed herein provide service clustering within a TRILL network without relying on an additional service insertion framework. A TRILL network can include one or more flow distribution RBridges for distributing flows to service nodes. Each flow distribution RBridge can have a virtual base identifier and one or more virtual cluster identifiers. An example method can include maintaining service cluster load balancing structures and receiving a packet that is encapsulated with an inner header and an outer header. The method can include determining whether the egress RBridge identifier is a virtual cluster identifier, and if so, selecting a service node from one of the service cluster load balancing structures. The method can include forwarding the packet to the selected service node.

Abstract: A device and a system for processing a radio link failure report and for statistically processing an abnormal event include: a user equipment generates a radio link failure report, wherein the radio link failure report carries an A2 event indication recorded by the user equipment; and reports the radio link failure report.

Abstract: A short-range wireless communication network may be established by direct communication between two or more wireless communication devices and/or communication via an access point to permit game play between a plurality of devices. A conventional cellular telephone includes an integrated short-range transceiver. The short-range transceivers of multiple wireless communication devices can be coupled together to dynamically form a short-range communication network without utilizing any wireless communication network supported by a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). Data is disseminated between the wireless communication devices using a data message synchronization process. Messages may also be carried from one wireless network to another as the communication devices are carried by individuals.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for providing virtual link aggregation (vLAG) includes forming a third logical port using a first logical port and a second logical port; determining first networking protocol state information corresponding to the third logical port using the first networking system, where the first networking protocol state information includes an indication of whether the first networking system is capable of communicating with the second networking system via an interswitch link (ISL) The method also includes storing a first networking protocol state information corresponding to the third logical port using the first networking system; communicating the first networking protocol state information to the second networking system via the and storing the first networking protocol state information using the second networking system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor network, and more particularly, to an implanted sensor network in a human body sensor network in which a plurality of sensor nodes are implanted in the human body to detect biosignals of the human body, wherein the implanted sensor network can prevent the temperature of a sensor node implanted in a human body from rising and thus protect the human body from injury caused thereby.

Abstract: Example implementations are directed to systems and methods involving a mobility management entity (MME) pool. In example implementations, the MME of the pool can be configured as a backup for a fraction of subscribers associated with other MME in the pool. Upon detection of the failure of an MME in the pool, the surviving MME messages eNodeBs and other peer network nodes that it will take over the impacted subscribers such that the subscribers do not need to conduct a reattachment process. Multiple MME codes per MME can be used to partition the subscribers for backup, which can thereby lead to geo-redundancy for the MME.