Abstract: A system that includes a Viterbi Equalizer having adaptive signal levels is disclosed. Each branch metric of the Viterbi Equalizer compares the value of the incoming bit to one of a plurality of different expected signal levels. A set of default signal values may be used by the Viterbi Equalizer. The system is also configured to determine whether these default expected signal levels are acceptable by monitoring the incoming data bits. If it is determined that the actual signal levels of the incoming data bits differ from the default expected signal levels by more than a predetermined amount, the signal levels used by the Viterbi Equalizer may be changed from default signal levels to the adaptive signal levels. The adaptive signal levels may be determined using the synchronization pattern.

Abstract: A beamformer generates a null data packet (NDP) that includes various long training fields (LTFs). The beamformer generates the NDP based on a spatial mapping matrix that is a product of two matrices. One matrix has a number of rows equal to a number of antennas of the beamformer, and a number of columns equal to a number of LTFs in the NDP. Further, the other matrix has a number of rows and a number of columns equal to the number of LTFs in the NDP. The number of LTFs in the NDP is greater than a number of antennas of the beamformer. Further, the beamformer transmits the NDP to a beamformee to obtain channel state information associated with a channel between the beamformer and the beamformee, and enable beamforming therebetween.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method for uplink multiuser data transmission and a system for uplink multiuser multiple input multiple output. The method includes: sending, by an access point AP, indication information to at least two stations STAs, wherein the indication information is used for indicating that the at least two STAs perform an uplink multiuser data transmission; receiving, by the AP, uplink data sent by the at least two STAs through channels from the at least two STAs to the AP, respectively; and demodulating, by the AP, the uplink data sent by the at least two STAs using receiving beams corresponding to pre-estimated channels from the at least two STAs to the AP, respectively.

Abstract: A clock generation and correction (CGC) circuit comprises a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit, a start-of-frame (SOF) detector circuit, a counter, a digital logic circuit, a fractional-N phase locked loop (PLL), and an oscillator circuit. The CDR receives an input data signal and an internal clock signal and generates a recovered data signal. The SOF detector circuit generates a toggle signal based on a comparison of the recovered data signal to a predetermined data signal pattern. The counter generates a clock cycle count signal based on the toggle signal. The digital logic circuit generates a frequency adjustment signal based on an error in the frequency of the clock signal. The oscillator circuit generates an intermediate clock signal. The fractional-N PLL circuit receives the frequency adjustment signal and the intermediate clock signal and modifies the internal clock signal based on the frequency adjustment signal.

Abstract: A wireless devices communicates a transmission capability by determining a number of active transmits chains of the wireless device, determining a maximum number of space-time streams according to the number of active transmit chains, providing a frame with an indication of the maximum number of space-time streams, and transmitting the frame. The wireless devices may provide the indication of the maximum number of space-time streams in an Operating Mode field of High Efficiency Aggregate Control field of the frame. The maximum number of space-time streams may be a maximum number of space-time streams that may be used by the wireless device to respond to a Trigger frame.

Abstract: A method for detecting a format of data in a wireless local area network and a device using the same are provided. The device receives a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) that includes a first field and a second field. The device determines a first format of the PPDU based on at least one of the first field and the second field and determines a second format of the PPDU based on a modulation phase of the PPDU.

Abstract: Example systems, methods, and devices for mitigating interference in wireless networks are discussed. One example method includes the operations of passing channel frequency offsets of a plurality of LTF symbols on a plurality of subcarriers through a high pass frequency band, encoding the plurality of LTF symbols with a plurality of LTF sequences across frequency, and encoding the LTF symbols in time and/or frequency. Another example includes the operations of receiving a plurality of LTF symbols on a plurality of subcarriers for channel estimation of one or more streams, removing the encoding across time, removing the encoding across frequency, and removing the LTF sequence(s), and passing the modified LTF symbols through a smoothing filter, for example, a low pass filter for removing the interference due to CFOs. Methods, apparatus, and systems described herein can be applied to 802.11ax or any other wireless standard.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a channel estimation method, a communications node, and a communications system. The method includes: obtaining a preamble in a signal packet sent by a first communications node, where the preamble includes at least a first field and a second field, a subcarrier of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol of the first field is used to carry a first reference signal, the first reference signal is a predetermined signal that is known to both a second communications node and the first communications node, a subcarrier of an OFDM symbol of the second field is used to carry useful information, and the useful information is physical layer control information and/or data; and obtaining, by using the first field and the second field, a first channel estimate, of each spatial flow, on all subcarriers of a multiple-input multiple-output transmission frequency band.

Abstract: There is provided a single wire bus architecture comprising a single wire bus; a master device coupled to the single wire bus; at least one slave device coupled to the single wire bus; a communication protocol implemented over the single wire bus and employed by the master device and the at least one slave device; wherein when one of the at least one slave devices wishes to communicate with the master device, the one of the at least one slave devices discharges the clock signal during a tri-state stage of the clock signal; and wherein the single wire bus transmits a clock signal, power and data between the master device and the one of the at least one slave device in communication with the master device.

Abstract: A method of transmitting basic service set (BSS) load information. The method according to one embodiment includes establishing, by an access point (AP), an association with at least one very high throughput (VHT) station that has successfully synchronized with the AP and that has a capability of receiving at least one spatial stream of a plurality of spatial streams transmitted via a multi user-multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmission; and broadcasting, by the AP, a beacon frame that includes load information including a station count field and an antenna utilization field. The station count field indicates a number of the at least one VHT station that has successfully synchronized with the AP and that has the capability of receiving at least one spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams. The antenna utilization field indicates information about spatial streams that are under-utilized in the MU-MIMO transmission.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a training signal in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system includes generating one or more first training signals for a first destination station and one or more second training signals for a second destination station by applying a mapping matrix P to a training signal generation sequence, mapping the first training signals and the second training signals to a plurality of antennas according to an antenna mapping matrix, and performing Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on each of the first training signals and the second training signals mapped to the plurality of antennas and transmitting the training signals through the plurality of antennas.

Abstract: Certain aspects of a method and system for wireless communication are disclosed. Aspects of one method may include a receiver that handles wireless communication. The receiver may be enabled to dynamically vary spacing between two or more pilots and/or the size of one or more pilots within at least one frame based on a determined symbol rate.

Abstract: A transceiver system with reduced latency uncertainty is described. In one implementation, the transceiver system has a word aligner latency uncertainty of zero. In another implementation, the transceiver system has a receiver-to-transmitter transfer latency uncertainty of zero. In yet another implementation, the transceiver system has a word aligner latency uncertainty of zero and a receiver-to-transmitter transfer latency uncertainty of zero. In one specific implementation, the receiver-to-transmitter transfer latency uncertainty is eliminated by using the transmitter parallel clock as a feedback signal in the transmitter phase locked loop (PLL). In one implementation, this is achieved by optionally making the transmitter divider, which generates the transmitter parallel clock, part of the feedback path of the transmitter PLL.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for sending downlink data, a method for receiving downlink data, a base station, and a user terminal. The sending method includes modulating first downlink data into a first downlink signal by using a DFT-S-OFDM modulation mode; modulating second downlink data into a second downlink signal by using an OFDM modulation mode; and forming a downlink transmit signal from the first downlink signal and the second downlink signal in a multiplexing manner, and sending the downlink transmit signal to a user terminal. The base station includes a first generation module, a second generation module, and a first sending module. In the technical solutions of the present invention, downlink data is sent by using two modulation modes, DFT-S-OFDM and OFDM, thereby meeting requirements of different downlink data on EVM indexes.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop (PLL) includes a state machine programmed to automatically produce a set of control signals to select a charge-pump current and integrating capacitance value to automatically adjust a loop bandwidth of the PLL. A charge-pump DAC generates a charge-pump current of magnitude controlled by the state machine control signals. An integrator integrates the charge-pump output current to produce an integrated charge-pump output signal. The integrator has a plurality of capacitors switchably selected by control signals from the state machine to produce an integrating capacitance value. A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) produces a PLL output frequency in response to the integrated charge-pump output signal.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for synchronizing frequency among a cluster of coordinated transmission points cooperating in a coherent joint transmission. In some embodiments, one transmission point is set (510) as a reference transmission point for a group of coordinated transmission points. Each of one or more other transmission points in the group receives (530) a specified downlink reference signal from the reference transmission point, measures (540) its frequency offset relative to the reference point, and compensates (550) the frequency offset in baseband processing or by a radio adjustment. Which transmission point acts as the reference transmission point is statically defined, in some embodiments, or dynamically configured, in others. Likewise, which time-frequency resources are used for the reference signal may be statically defined or dynamically configured.

Abstract: Preamble for use within single user, multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications. A selected preamble type is employed for use in generating a signal to be transmitted from one communication device to at least one other communication device. Depending upon a desired operational mode, as few as one preamble type, or two or more preamble types may be associated with a given operational mode. When operating in accordance with a given operational mode, a preamble type is selected from available preamble types of an operational mode. A preferred implementation may include two respective preamble types such that one preamble type is used for single user (SU) operation with transmit beamforming weights applied at the beginning of the packet or for open loop SU transmissions only, while the other preamble type, having an multiple user (MU) characteristic, is used for both SU beamforming and MU operations.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting microwave signals is suggested. The apparatus comprises an antenna for sending and receiving electromagnetic waves a circuit for detecting microwave signals and the signalization stage for generating an indication signal. In addition to that a method for detecting the presence of microwave signals is proposed.

Abstract: A method and system for combining a guard interval and a corresponding portion of a received symbol, whereby when receiving a signal that contains the symbol with a guard interval corresponding to the symbol, a portion of the guard interval that is free from inter-symbol interference may be extracted, and the extracted portion of the guard interval may be combined with the corresponding portion of the symbol. The extracting and combining may be done after a determining, based on a delay profile provided by the received signal, that a delay spread is smaller than a predetermined channel delay. The delay spread may be determined by filtering an instantaneous delay spread associated with the received signal. The filtering may be performed using a 1-tap infinite impulse response low-pass filter. The low-pass filter may include a time constant that is the inverse of a maximum Doppler frequency shift.

Abstract: A transmitting device includes a parallel data generation unit and a transmitting unit. The parallel data generation unit generates first serial data and second serial data from a data packet, converts the first serial data and second serial data respectively into first parallel data and second parallel data, transmits the first parallel data and second parallel data respectively through first and second parallel transmission paths, and performs the transmission of the first parallel data and the transmission of the second parallel data in parallel. The transmitting unit receives the first parallel data and second parallel data respectively through the first and second parallel transmission paths, re-converts the first parallel data and second parallel data respectively into the first serial data and second serial data, and transmits the first serial data and second serial data to a receiving device respectively through first and second serial transmission paths.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention includes a bi-phase communication receiver system. The system includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to sample a bi-phase modulation signal to generate digital samples of the bi-phase modulation signal. The system also includes a bi-phase signal decoder configured to decode the bi-phase modulation signal based on the digital samples. The system further includes a preamble detector comprising a digital filter configured to evaluate the digital samples to generate an output and to detect a preamble of the bi-phase modulation signal for decoding the bi-phase modulation signal based on the output.

Abstract: A technique includes receiving a datum indicative of a candidate delimiter in a receiver; and processing the datum in a machine to determine whether the datum indicates a synchronization delimiter. The processing includes comparing the candidate delimiter with a reference delimiter to identify at least one error in the candidate delimiter; and basing the determination of whether the datum indicates the synchronization delimiter at least on a bit position of of each error.

Abstract: Receiver synchronization techniques (RST), contributing more accurate synchronization of receiver clock to OFDM composite frame combined with much faster acquisition time and better stability of the receiver clock, and phase and frequency recovery techniques, comprising a software controlled clock synthesizer (SCCS) for high accuracy phase & frequency synthesis producing synchronized low jitter clock from external time referencing signals or time referencing messages wherein SCCS includes a hybrid PLL (HPLL) enabling 1-50,000 frequency multiplication with very low output jitter independent of reference clock quality.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation signal generators, which generate a first OFDM modulation signal and a second OFDM modulation signal. The transmission apparatus also includes a transmitter that transmits the first OFDM modulation signal from a first antenna and the second OFDM modulation signal from a second antenna, in an identical frequency band.

Abstract: Methods and systems for augmenting a source message by suitably-chosen bits and/or sequences of bits for the purpose of enhancing decoding or synchronization performance. Properties of the source message can be used to select and optimize synchronization sequences, including their length and placement within the source message. Various message attributes, such as message or segment weight, symbol counts, and others, including their combinations, may be encoded into the synchronization sequence to further improve decoding performance in the presence of errors. These methods and systems can be employed for standalone source decoding of noisy bit streams, as well as iterative joint source-channel decoding. They may further be combined with other methods whether or not known in the art, such as CRC and forward error correction, to achieve the desired performance complexity trade-off.

Abstract: An apparatus for synchronizing an incoming signal with a clock signal comprises two or more synchronizer circuits, wherein each synchronizer circuit receives the incoming signal and the clock signal. Each synchronizer circuit generates a synchronized signal, wherein the state of each synchronized signal changes on a different phase of said clock signal in response to a change of the state of said incoming signal. A decision mechanism circuit receives the synchronized signals generated by each synchronizer circuit, wherein the decision mechanism circuit determines the output signal in response to the change of the state of the incoming signal. The decision mechanism circuit further comprises a memory element having a state which is set according to a previously detected state of said signal, wherein the output signal is determined according to the state of the memory element.

Abstract: A signal transmission apparatus includes: a vertical rectangular region sampling-out control section that obtains vertical rectangular regions, repeatedly performs a process where pixel samples read out from each line of class images are mapped to each line of video data regions of sub-images, maps pixel samples to each line of the video data regions, and repeatedly maps pixel samples to the next line; a line sampling-out control section that samples out the pixel samples every other line from each line of the sub-images to which the pixel samples have been mapped, so as to generate an interlace signal; a word sampling-out control section that samples out for each word the pixel samples which have been sampled out for each line so as to be mapped to video data regions of an HD-SDI prescribed by the SMPTE 435-2; and a readout control section that outputs the HD-SDI.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for conveying information regarding the antenna configuration and/or the transmission diversity scheme to a recipient, such as a mobile device. In particular, information regarding the antenna configuration and/or the transmission diversity scheme can be conveyed by masking, such as cyclic redundancy check masking, to provide information regarding the antenna configuration and/or the transmission diversity scheme. In this regard, a set of masks can be determined based upon hamming distances between the masks and bit diversities between the masks and where each of the masks within the set is associated with an antenna configuration and a transmission diversity scheme.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for detecting a code. The code detecting apparatus may include a detector to detect symbol synchronous timing information associated with a PSS code from a first signal received during a predetermined first period, a compensator to extract and buffer the PSS code and the SSS code based on the symbol synchronous timing information detected from a second signal received during a predetermined second period, and compensate for a frequency offset with respect to the buffered PSS code, and a processor to re-detect the symbol synchronous timing information based on the PSS code in which the frequency offset is compensated for, and extract the buffered SSS code using the re-detected symbol synchronous timing information.

Abstract: A method of frame sync detection is described. A first and second differential correlation of a data stream is calculated, at a plurality of delay and conjugate multipliers. The first and second differential correlations are convolved with a previous set of differential correlations. A correlation peak is calculated, at a sync detector, using the convolved differential correlations, to detect a frame sync.

Abstract: Techniques for transmitting pilot and for processing received pilot to obtain channel and interference estimates are described. A terminal may generate pilot symbols for a first cluster in a time frequency block based on a first sequence and may generate pilot symbols for a second cluster in the time frequency block based on a second sequence. The first and second sequences may include common elements arranged in different orders and may be considered as different versions of a single sequence. The terminal may transmit the pilot symbols in their respective clusters. A base station may obtain received pilot symbols from multiple clusters in the time frequency block. The base station may form each of multiple basis vectors with multiple versions of the sequence assigned to the terminal and may process the received pilot symbols with the multiple basis vectors to obtain a channel estimate for the terminal.

Abstract: A system including a demodulation module, a metric generation module, and a preamble detection module. The demodulation module is configured to generate demodulated signals based on demodulating, in accordance with a differential demodulation scheme, signals received from a base station. The signals received from the base station include a plurality of symbols. The demodulated signals comprise a plurality of real parts each having a corresponding magnitude. The metric generation module is configured to generate a plurality of metrics for the plurality of symbols based on the corresponding magnitudes of the plurality of real parts of the demodulated signals. The preamble detection module is configured to detect, based on the plurality of metrics, whether the plurality of symbols in the signals received from the base station includes a preamble symbol.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation signal generators, which generate a first OFDM modulation signal and a second OFDM modulation signal. The transmission apparatus also includes a transmitter that transmits the first OFDM modulation signal from a first antenna and the second OFDM modulation signal from a second antenna, in an identical frequency band.

Abstract: A data Interface for transferring digital data between a host and a client over a communication path using packet structures linked together to form a communication protocol for communicating a pre-selected set of digital control and presentation data. The signal protocol is used by link controllers configured to generate, transmit, and receive packets forming the communications protocol, and to form digital data into one or more types of data packets, with at least one residing in the host device and being coupled to the client through the communications path. The interface provides a cost-effective, low power, bi-directional, high-speed data transfer mechanism over a short-range “serial” type data link, which lends itself to implementation with miniature connectors and thin flexible cables which are especially useful in connecting display elements such as wearable micro-displays to portable computers and wireless communication devices.

Abstract: A multi-tone transceiver including: a transform component, a tone selector, an error detector, an aggregator and an oscillator. The transform component transforms received communications from the time domain to the frequency domain. The tone selector selects a sub-set of the received tones which exhibit an elevated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a clock recovery tone set (CRTS) and drops and add tones to the CRTS as required by changes in the SNR of the individual tones. The error detector detects phase errors in each received tone of the CRTS. The aggregator calculates an average aggregate phase error from all tones in the CRTS. The oscillator controls clocking of the transceiver. The oscillator is responsive to the average aggregate phase error to adjust a clock phase in a direction which reduces a phase error with a clock on the opposing transceiver.

Abstract: A synchronization method for impulse system ultra-wideband takes frame as basic unit for data transmission, each frame is divided into a preamble symbol part and a data part, wherein the preamble symbol part sends a known impulse sequence for channel estimation and synchronization; the data part takes the information to be transmitted; the preamble symbol part is divided into two parts of a positive and negative impulse sequence, which includes odd impulses with alternant positive and negative polarities, and a same direction impulse sequence, which is composed of impulses with same polarity and is the same as the polarity of the last impulse in the positive and negative impulse sequence. The method provides such advantages as high synchronization precision, small storage space, and capability of immediately finding out the synchronization position etc., and provides an important value for the development of the impulse system ultra-wideband wireless communication technique.

Abstract: A method of syncing a serial data stream includes the step of providing a data stream having frames and sub-frames. Each sub-frame is provided with an expected SYNC Word, and there is an expected offset between the SYNC Words in each sub-frame. The data is sent to a plurality of sync modules. Each sync module searches for an expected and different one of the SYNC Words. The sync modules identify an expected SYNC Word, then look for a different one of the SYNC Words at said expected offset from its expected SYNC Word to verify that it has properly identified a SYNC Word.

Abstract: A wireless communications device may include a portable housing and a temperature-compensated clock circuit carried by the portable housing. The device may further include a wireless receiver carried by the portable housing for receiving timing signals, when available, from a wireless network, and a satellite positioning clock circuit carried by the portable housing. A clock correction circuit may be carried by the portable housing for correcting the temperature-compensated clock circuit based upon timing signals from the wireless network when available, and storing historical correction values for corresponding temperatures. The clock correction circuit may also correct the temperature-compensated clock circuit based upon the stored historical correction values when timing signals are unavailable from the wireless network, and correct the satellite positioning clock based upon the temperature-compensated clock circuit.

Abstract: A method of estimating mismatches of a time-to-digital converter (TDC) includes: capturing phase error samples; calculating difference between the phase error samples and an expected value of the phase error samples; and adjusting correction gain of the TDC based on the calculating step. Another method of estimating mismatches of a TDC includes: capturing TDC output code samples; storing a plurality of accumulation values corresponding to different TDC values respectively, wherein each accumulation value records a number of times a TDC value is carried by the TDC output code samples; calculating a desired value based on the accumulation values; calculating difference between the accumulation values and the desired value; and adjusting correction gain of the TDC based on the calculating step.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enabling a radio to track channel timing and support channel scanning A non-leading radio operating on a communications channel, determines a diffusion period during which channel timing is to be propagated from a leading radio to non-leading radios operating on the communications channel. The non-leading radio implements a first scanning pattern during the diffusion period to scan a CT designated channel for a control timing message with a timing signal sent from the leading radio. The first scanning pattern involves scanning the CT designated channel during every other scan interval and scanning non-priority channels and priority channels during scan intervals not used on the CT designated channel.

Abstract: A control signal receiver includes a converting circuit and a synchronization detection circuit. The converting circuit generates a complex control symbol stream including transmission configurations by converting an input signal. The synchronization detection circuit generates a first bit stream by applying a first determination criterion to the complex control symbol stream and generates a first synchronization signal by comparing the first bit stream with a reference synchronization word. The synchronization detection circuit generates a second bit stream by applying the first determination criterion and a second determination criterion to the complex control symbol stream in that order and generates a second synchronization signal by comparing the second bit stream with the reference synchronization word. The synchronization detection circuit outputs one of the first synchronization signal and the second synchronization signal as asynchronization enable signal.

Abstract: A mobile electronic device that includes a circuitry configured to acquire synchronization with a spreading code of an intermediate frequency signal that is obtained by converting a frequency of a received signal from a satellite in a global positioning system into a predetermined intermediate frequency, demodulate a message included in the intermediate frequency signal, output a primary signal to a predetermined signal line, and attach a predetermined header to a secondary signal and output the result to the predetermined signal line, and includes a display unit configured to display data corresponding to the primary signal and the secondary signal, such that the primary signal includes results of measuring one of position, velocity, and time of the mobile electronic device based on the message that is demodulated by the circuitry, and that the secondary signal includes the intermediate frequency signal.

Abstract: In one embodiment, receiving an Ethernet signal over a channel, the Ethernet signal comprising a preamble frame, an idle frame, and a data frame, the preamble frame comprising one or more preamble codes; synchronizing to the Ethernet signal based on the preamble frame; replicating the one or more preamble codes; and training a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) based on the one or more replicated codes, the training enabling the DFE to use decision values at the DFE output to track channel variations.

Abstract: An Linear Time Code (LTC) receiver for receiving and decoding a LTC frame of the type used in connection with film and television and accompanying audio includes a first counter that measures the number of reference clock periods within the duration of a bi-phase mark signal interval to yield a timing reference for extracting the payload from the LTC frame. A second counter detects a sync field within the LTC frame to establish the LTC frame direction. A third counter serves to count the number of symbols in the LTC frame. A state machine responsive to the counts of the first, second and third counters, serves to (a) detect a valid synchronization sequence within an incoming LTC frame; (b) determine the LTC frame direction, (c) decode (extract) payload information from the LTC frame; and (d) transfer the payload information in an order determined by the LTC frame direction.

Abstract: Generate a series of digital data according to a pair of differential signals received from a low speed universal serial bus. Calibrate coarsely a frequency of an oscillator according to a width of an end-of-packet of the series of digital data. And calibrate finely the frequency of the oscillator according to a width of a SYNC pattern of the series of digital data.

Abstract: A communications network and method thereof include a base station controller configured to provide a repetition period of a primary synchronization channel to be equal to a predetermined integer value times a scrambling code length of the scrambling code of a common pilot channel. A user equipment in the network is configured to search for a known sequence comprising the primary synchronization channel to select a cell and a corresponding sub-frame/symbol timing from the selected cell.

Abstract: A medical sensor system comprises a gateway comprising a wideband receiver and a narrow band transmitter, the each gateway configured to receive a wideband positioning frame using the wideband receiver from one or more wearable sensors and to transmit acknowledgement frames using the narrow band transmitter that include timing and control data for use by the sensors to establish timing for transmission of the positioning frame; and at least one wearable sensor comprising a wideband transmitter and a narrow band receiver, the sensor configured to transmit a sensor data frame to the gateway using the wideband transmitter and to receive an acknowledgement frame from the gateway using the narrow band receiver, extract timing and control information from the frame, and adjust the timing and synchronization of the wideband transmitter using the timing and control information.

Abstract: Provided is an OFDM receiver which extracts a time sync signal from a prefix having a symmetric structure. The OFDM receiver, according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, generates the sync signal (e.g., start point) of a symbol by using only the MSB (e.g., sign bit) of the cyclic prefix of an OFDM symbol, reducing the overhead of a logic circuit for generating the sync signal of the symbol.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and methodology for synchronizing data received at a central location that has been collected at plural remote locations and separately transmitted to the central location. A plurality of remote sensors is provided and configured to be simultaneously triggered to begin a data collection sequence and to subsequently transmit the collected data along with remote sensor identification data and timing information to the central location. Timing information may include a specifically transmitted time reference or may be derived based on successive transmissions from the individual remote sensors.

Abstract: A phase lock loop with multiple divider paths is presented herein. The phase lock loop can be used to provide a wide range of frequencies. The phase lock loop can also be used as a portion of a clock multiplier unit or a clock data and recovery unit.