Abstract: Various example embodiments relate to an apparatus and method for nonlinear equalization based on an absolute operation, and may be configured to generate coefficients and compensate for nonlinear distortions by using an absolute operation for an input signal based the coefficients.

Abstract: A network switch comprises a plurality of optical physical transport layer resources and a control plane management engine capable of receiving, via a request over a network interface, at least one control plane provisioning policy that maps at least one upper layer resource to at least some of the optical physical transport layer resources. The control plane management engine provisions at least some of the optical physical transport layer resources for use by at least one virtual control plane, which operates according to rules of the control plane provisioning policy. The control plane management engine is configured to manage network traffic among the at least some optical physical transport layer resources and external networking nodes according to the at least one virtual control plane.

Abstract: A device for increasing a number of optical signal channels detectable by an optical channel performance monitor having M detectors includes an input to receive an optical signal, a filter assembly coupled to the input, a controller connected to the filter assembly, and an output. The controller selectively configures the filter assembly to filter the optical signal in a repeating sequence of periodic passbands. The output transfers an output of the filter assembly to an optical channel performance monitor.

Abstract: A data communication systems including a main channel that includes means for sending a signal, means for transmitting the signal and means for receiving the signal, the sending means sending signals at a known frequency. The communication system includes a stand-by channel that includes the following devices: a device for temporarily stopping the sent signal at instants known as stopping instants for a constant length of time that corresponds to the sending of a first determined number of sent signals, the stopping instants corresponding to temporal coding of a stand-by signal; a device for summing the amplitudes of the received signals, the summing being carried out on a second determined number of received signals; a device for temporally determining the instants corresponding to the minima of the summed signal, the determined instants having the same temporal coding as the stopping instants.

Abstract: An optical power compensation method and a device relating to the communications field comprises: a first node that obtains a first optical power and a first timepoint, receives at least two second optical powers sent by a second node, obtains second timepoints corresponding with the at least two second optical powers, where the second timepoint is a timepoint at which the first node receives the second optical power, and determines a target timepoint from the second timepoints according to a preset delay and the first timepoint. The first node determines a variation of a span loss according to a target optical power and the first optical power, where the target optical power is a second optical power corresponding to the target timepoint, and adjusts a gain value and/or an attenuation value of the first node according to the variation of the span loss.

Abstract: An optical Mach-Zehnder superstructure modulator and method that can simultaneously linearize in-phase and quadrature components of optically modulated optical signals and reduce the modulated optical insertion loss (MOIL) by in-phase addition of the in-phase and quadrature components of an amplitude and/or phase modulated optical signal using two high-speed phase modulators embedded in the optical Mach-Zehnder superstructure modulator.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a transmitter for communicating with a client, a receiver, and a controller coupled with the transmitter and receiver, wherein the controller is operable to receive a proxy from the client for traffic from a source and transmit a join to the source on behalf of the client.

Abstract: Methods and systems for waveguide delay based equalization with optical splitting in optical communication may include an optoelectronic circuit comprising an input waveguide, a directional coupler, an optical delay, photodetectors, a current mirror, and a transimpedance amplifier. The optoelectronic circuit may receive an input optical signal via the input waveguide, split the input optical signal into first and second output signals using the directional coupler, delay the first output signal using the optical delay, convert the delayed first output signal to a first electrical signal using a first photodetector, convert the second output signal to a second electrical signal using a second photodetector, amplify the second electrical signal using the current mirror, and sum the first and second electrical signals at inputs of the transimpedance amplifier to generate an output voltage.

Abstract: Techniques for system self-assessment using a state identity vector are described. In one embodiment, a method includes obtaining a policy that includes a combination of a plurality of features and a set of desired values for the features. The method also includes comparing the policy to a device fingerprint for a network device and determining compliance with the policy based on the comparison between the device fingerprint and the combination of features. The device fingerprint comprises a multi-bit word having a plurality of positions, with each position representing a feature associated with the network device. Upon determining that the network device is not in compliance with one or more features included in the combination of features of the policy, the method includes implementing a responsive action by the network device according to a schema that defines instructions for each feature represented by the plurality of positions in the device fingerprint.

Abstract: An optical signal measurement method includes: measuring a power pi of a first optical signal on a target frequency band at a moment Ti, and measuring a power qi of a second optical signal on the target frequency band at a moment Ti+?t, where the first optical signal is a signal detected in an optical signal transmission source, the second optical signal is a signal detected on a to-be-measured node, and ?t is a transmission duration of transmitting an optical signal from the optical signal transmission source to the to-be-measured node. The method further includes determining an optical signal-to-noise ratio on the to-be-measured node based on a power array P=[p1, pN] of the first optical signal on the target frequency band and a power array Q=[q1, qN] of the second optical signal on the target frequency band.

Abstract: A data center network node (28) comprises one or more switch (18,19,22,23) configured to link an optical transceiver (16,17) to an optical connection comprising a multi-core optical fiber (30) having a plurality of cores (31). For each core (31), the one or more switch (18,19,22,23) is configurable between a first configuration in which an optical signal on a said core (31) of the multi-core optical fiber bypasses the optical transceiver and a second configuration in which the optical transceiver is optically linked to the said core (31) of the multi-core optical fiber (30).

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an input signal, the apparatus comprising: a first light source configured to output a sequence of pulses of light, wherein there is a random relationship between the phase of the pulses; a beam splitter having first and second inputs and first and second outputs, said first input being arranged to receive light pulses from said first light source and the second input being arranged to receive said input signal; a differencing circuit adapted to subtract signals obtained from the first and second outputs from each other; and output a value; and a processing circuit adapted to estimate the minimum entropy of said input signal, from the output of the differencing circuit corresponding to a sequence of said light pulses from the first light source.

Abstract: A system and method for generating, based on optical network topology information, an optical model to represent an optical network; provisioning a new optical connection within the optical network: determining, using the optical model, a first bit error rate (BER) of the new optical connection; determining, using the optical network providing the new optical connection, a second BER of the new optical connection; determining, based on the first and the second BER, a BER excursion parameter of the new optical connection; training a margin allocator based on the BER excursion parameter of the new optical connection, and the first BER of the new optical connection; comparing the first BER of the new connection and a required optical margin to a threshold to determine a reliability of the new optical connection; and allocating, using the margin allocator, the required optical margin for additional optical connections of the optical network.

Abstract: It is difficult to improve the usage efficiency of an optical communication network due to the passband narrowing effect in a wavelength selection process in an optical communication network using a wavelength division multiplexing system; therefore, an optical network management apparatus according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes wavelength selection information generating means for generating wavelength selection information on a wavelength selection process through which an optical path accommodating an information signal goes, with respect to each optical path; and wavelength selection information notifying means for notifying an optical node device through which the optical path goes of the wavelength selection information.

Abstract: This invention proposes a new communication locality oriented high-radix (CLHR) network. In this hierarchical architecture, the lowest level includes routers or servers, called level-0; the upper level is composed by groups of routers or servers, called level-1; for the highest level, a number of level-(l?1) groups establish level-1 group. A new deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithm is proposed for the CLHR network. On the one hand, the proposed minus-first routing (MFR) algorithm or plus-first routing algorithm, that implements deadlock-free partially-adaptive routing without any virtual channel, can guarantee the number of communication hops between two nodes is no more than five. On the other hand, this invention presents the fully adaptive routing algorithm that uses MFR algorithm as the baseline routing using a new flow control scheme. The CLHR network and the new routing algorithm effectively improve the performance, save energy, improve the ability for separation, and resist disturbance.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided that compensate for the polarization dependent loss (PDL) of fiber-optic quantum channels. Compensation is accomplished by inserting a compensating PDL into another quantum channel carrying entangled photons that are entangled with photons in the first channel having losses that are to be compensated for. By selecting the optimum magnitude and orientation for the compensating PDL, compensation for the PDL in the first channel is maximized.

Abstract: Aspects and techniques of the present disclosure relate to a fiber optic communications network that includes a loop back connector in conjunction with one or more distribution devices daisy chained together to index optical fibers within the network. The network includes a central office that sends signals in one direction. The loop back connector can be mounted at the end of the chain to allow un-used live indexing optical fibers corresponding to active fiber positions to be looped back to feed signals to dead indexing optical fibers corresponding to inactive fiber positions. The dead indexing optical fibers can be optically connected to progressively dropped fibers or reverse ports in the indexed network.

Abstract: Adaptation of a network is disclosed. A proposed adaptation, determined by a sub-network component of the network based on an intended effect to the sub-network, can be received by a network-level arbitration component. The network-level arbitration component can determine if the proposed adaptation satisfies a rule based on predicted results on the network from implementing the proposed adaptation. Where the rule is satisfied the adaptation can be implemented. A result of the implementation can be compared to the predicted results to determine if the network should be reverted to a pre-implementation state. In an aspect, the network-level arbitration component can be a core-network component. In an embodiment, the network-level arbitration component can be a virtualized component on a network provider server, a cloud server, etc.

Abstract: A software-defined network multi-layer controller (SDN-MLC) may communicate with multiple layers of a telecommunication network. The SDN-MLC may have an optimization algorithm that helps manage, in near real-time, the multiple layers of the telecommunication network.

Abstract: An optical-electrical interface device for coupling to an optical distribution network is provided which comprises: a housing, an optical fiber port for coupling to a single optical fiber, an optical network terminal unit connected to the optical fiber port, a power sourcing management unit configured to manage the power supply of the optical network, network terminal unit, a plurality of electrical ports and a plurality of electrical cables each connected to the power sourcing management unit and to one of the electrical ports. The electrical ports are accessible and/or arranged outside the housing, wherein the optical-electrical interface device is configured to reverse-feed electrical power, from external electrical module devices connected to the electrical ports, for operating the optical network terminal unit which is arranged inside the housing.

Abstract: A digital instruction is generated regarding one or more electrical-to-optical conversion impairments induced at the transmitter of an optical communication system. The digital instruction may be used by the transmitter to reduce the impairments. Alternatively, or additionally, the digital instruction may be used by the receiver of the optical communication system to compensate for the impairments.

Abstract: In a method for measuring a service transmission status of a user equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention, a first service station transmits a first data packet for a user equipment; the first service station determines at least one second service station that transmits a second data packet for the user equipment; and the first service station instructs the at least one second service station to measure a service transmission status of the user equipment, where the first data packet and the second data packet are different data packets of a same service of the user equipment or data packets of different services. According to this method, a service transmission status of a user equipment can be measured in a multi-station transmission scenario.

Abstract: A method, system, and recording medium for communication comparison including encrypting a first communication and a second communication, determining a list of frequencies and intensities based on the first communication and the second communication, projecting light based on the list of frequencies and intensities of the first communication onto an object, reading the frequencies and intensities of the light based on the first communication from the object, and comparing the light read in the reading with the list of frequencies and intensities of the second communication to calculate a semantic overlap between the frequencies and intensities of the first communication and the second communication.

Abstract: A jones matrix is obtained using coefficients of an equalizer; a parameter of the jones matrix is obtained; a coefficient of an X axis polarization state or a Y axis polarization state in the coefficients is adjusted using the parameter of the jones matrix when the coefficients have singularity characteristics, or energy corresponding to each coefficient of X or Y axis polarization state under each order of a filter in the equalizer is determined using two coefficients of an X or Y axis polarization state in the equalizer coefficients; and a central position of a coefficient tap of X or Y axis polarization state of the equalizer is adjusted using the energy corresponding to each coefficient of X or Y axis polarization state under each order of the filter when the coefficient tap of the X axis or Y axis polarization state of the equalizer deviates from the central position.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe an AR system which communicates with light sources in a real world environment to simulate the light sources having an effect on AR content being displayed in the AR system. In one embodiment, the AR system determines the light characteristics of the light sources such as their color, specularity, beam spread, brightness, or illumination pattern. These light characteristics can contribute to the ambient light in the real world environment which affects the appearance of the physical objects in the environment. The AR system can adjust how the AR content is displayed to simulate the AR content being affected in a similar manner by the light sources. As such, the AR content appears to be more like a physical object (rather than a virtual object) thereby providing the user with a more immersive experience.

Abstract: A communications system, a method for managing a communications system, and a controller, where the communications system includes a front-end device and a remote device, where the remote device includes at least one coaxial media converter (CMC), where each CMC includes a data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) processor supporting a broadband access service and an edge quadrature amplitude modulation (EQAM) processor supporting a video service, and the at least one CMC and the front-end device are connected using a digital fiber, and the front-end device includes a controller, where the controller is configured to manage the at least one CMC.

Abstract: A transmission control device includes an acquiring unit that acquires propagation delay time for each propagation path between a plurality of terminal devices and a plurality of transmitter stations; a selector that selects, based on the propagation delay time acquired by the acquiring unit, combinations of terminal devices having similar propagation delay differences from the plurality of the transmitter stations; and a controller that controls transmission timing of the plurality of the transmitter stations that transmit signals to the combinations of the terminal devices selected by the selector.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a bias control apparatus and method of a modulator of an optical transmitter and an optical transmitter. By obtaining respective output power signals of a first Mach-Zehnder modulator and a second Mach-Zehnder modulator constituting the modulator of the optical transmitter, information on a phase bias may be extracted according to the two output power signals and an overall output power signal of the modulator of the optical transmitter, so as to control the phase bias by using the information, thereby efficiently improving a sensitivity of the control of the bias, and being applicable to various types of modulation formats.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for commissioning light fixtures. One method may include receiving, at a mobile device, an encoded light signal from a light fixture in a plurality of light fixtures. The encoded light signal may be decoded to obtain an identifier associated with the light fixture, and a correspondence between the identifier and a plurality of locations of the plurality of light fixtures may be determined.

Abstract: An out-of-band (OOB) signal detector is disclosed. The OOB signal detector may include a first node configured to receive an alternating current (AC) portion and a direct current (DC) portion of an electrical signal. The AC portion may include modulated OOB data carried by the electrical signal. The OOB signal detector may also include a current to voltage processing circuit configured to extract the AC portion of the electrical signal. The OOB signal detector may additionally include a limiting amplifier circuit configured to receive the extracted AC portion and to generate an amplified signal based on the extracted AC portion. The OOB signal detector may further include an analog-to-digital convertor circuit configured to sample the amplified signal and to generate a digital sample that represents the modulated OOB data.

Abstract: A backhaul network comprises at least two of a distribution point, a splitter, an amplifier, a coupler and an optical network for use within the backhaul network. Predetermined locations are selected for the at least two of the distribution point, the splitter, the amplifier, the coupler and the optical network within the backhaul network based upon a constrained optimization process that reduces cost and improves backhaul network reliability. Each of the at least two of the distribution point, the splitter, the amplifier, the coupler and the optical network are located at one of the predetermined locations from the constrained optimization process.

Abstract: A communications connection comprises intermediate connection points (6,11) connected by a non-conducting communications link (20), with conversion equipment in one or both intermediate points for converting communications between electrical and non-electrical carriers, and each being arranged to be powered from the respective ends (1, 12). If a metallic path (18) is present between the two intermediate points, the system can be arranged to use this for a limited connection service in the event of loss of electrical power to one or both of the intermediate points (6,11).

Abstract: A terminal status monitoring apparatus connected to a terminal at an optical subscriber side in an optical network is provided. A signal transferring unit transfers a downlink optical signal to the terminal and receives, as a reflected optical signal, the downlink optical signal which is reflected at the terminal. A signal receiving unit measures an intensity of the reflected optical signal. A signal processing unit determines a connection status of a terminal device at the terminal by comparing an intensity of the downlink optical signal with the intensity of the reflected optical signal. A signal output unit outputs the connection status.

Abstract: Adaptation of a network is disclosed. A proposed adaptation, determined by a sub-network component of the network based on an intended effect to the sub-network, can be received by a network-level arbitration component. The network-level arbitration component can determine if the proposed adaptation satisfies a rule based on predicted results on the network from implementing the proposed adaptation. Where the rule is satisfied the adaptation can be implemented. A result of the implementation can be compared to the predicted results to determine if the network should be reverted to a pre-implementation state. In an aspect, the network-level arbitration component can be a core-network component. In an embodiment, the network-level arbitration component can be a virtualized component on a network provider server, a cloud server, etc.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and an apparatus for monitoring chromatic dispersion in an optical communications network. The method includes: performing coherent mixing of a to-be-monitored signal with a first optical signal and a second optical signal to obtain two analog electrical signals, where center frequencies of the first optical signal and the second optical signal are located on two sides of a center frequency of the to-be-monitored signal, and a difference between the center frequencies of these two optical signals equals a Baud rate; converting the two analog electrical signals into two corresponding first time domain power signals; determining a value of a time delay between these two time domain power signals; and obtaining, according to a correspondence between the value of the time delay and the chromatic dispersion, the fiber chromatic dispersion generated in a process of transmitting the to-be-monitored signal.

Abstract: Visible-light communication (VLC) is an optical wireless communication technique that uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) or other optical sources to transmit information to a user equipment (UE) device. An optically-based location determination approach, such as using VLC infrastructure, can meet a desire for location-based services where use of VLC can provide a solution to an indoor localization or navigation problem. A fingerprinting approach can include use of an optical received signal strength (RSS) or other information (e.g., an image of a scene) to generate a spatial fingerprint map of an area. A later-received RSS on the UE device and the prior-generated fingerprint map representative of RSS can be received, and a fingerprint map and RSS observations can be provided as inputs to a Bayesian filter, such as an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) or a Particle Filter, to provide an estimated position for the UE device.

Abstract: An optical trunk switch supporting an Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) includes a transmit switch configured to provide an input signal to one or more of a primary fiber path and a standby fiber path; a receive switch configured to provide an output signal from one of the primary fiber path and the standby fiber path; and an OTDR connection configured to provide one or more OTDR signals to monitor an inactive path of the primary fiber path and the standby fiber.

Abstract: When a frequency deviation compensation amount is compensated for by use of frequency shift, a phase offset occurs between adjacent input blocks included in a plurality of input blocks as divided, with the result that an error occurs in a reconstructed bit sequence. A frequency deviation compensation system of the invention is characterized by comprising: a frequency deviation compensation means for compensating for a frequency deviation occurring in a signal by use of frequency shift; and a phase offset compensation means for compensating for a phase offset occurring, in the signal, due to the frequency shift.

Abstract: Disclosed is a backlight module which includes a plurality of light-emitting devices arranged in an array of multiple rows and multiple columns. Each row of light-emitting devices include a plurality of first light-emitting devices for emitting red light, a plurality of second light-emitting devices for emitting green light and a plurality of third light-emitting devices for emitting blue light. The first light-emitting device, the second light-emitting devices and the third light-emitting devices in each row of light-emitting devices are driven to sequentially emit light based on respective data signals in a light-emitting phase. Further disclosed are a method of driving the backlight module and a display device.

Abstract: A topology service may include a topology database and topology service interface used by clients to query the topology database. The topology database may describe a topology of resources of an infrastructure that may include racks of resources such as network, compute and storage resources. The topology database may be populated using discovery information returned as a result of issuing discovery requests to switches. The discovery information may identify connectivity between switches and other resources. The discovery information may be processed to determine assigned switch roles and additional derived information such as regarding instances of topological entities in the infrastructure. The derived information may identify instances of racks, rows and data centers in the infrastructure. The topology database may identify particular resources included in the different racks, rows, and data centers as well as connectivity between resources and communication capabilities of resource interfaces.

Abstract: An optical fiber replacement method in an optical network is provided. The optical fiber replacement method in the optical network is based on blocking due to an optical signal noise ratio limitation, in which standard single-mode optical fibers in an existing optical network are gradually replaced with ultra-low loss optical fibers. With the optical replacement method in the optical network, performance of the optical network can be improved to the greatest extent while ensuring low replacement cost in a process of gradually replacing the optical fibers.

Abstract: A technique is provided for a receiver of an optical signal. The technique includes an apparatus that is configured to input digitized samples of the optical signal at a first sampling rate. The apparatus is further configured to filter the digitized samples based on a plurality of filter coefficients to obtain filtered samples of the optical signal at a second sampling rate. The second sampling rate is different from the first sampling rate. The apparatus is further configured to output the filtered samples of the optical signal at the second sampling rate.

Abstract: A system, computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program, and computer-implemented method for a transient local commerce search service is provided. Location data identifying a temporary geographic location of a merchant having a particular product available for sale is received. Temporal data indicating a specified time when the particular product is available at the temporary location of the merchant is also received. It is then determined that the particular product is available within a specified location and at the specified period of time. Display data to display at least one merchant providing the particular product within the geographic location and at the specified period of time is then provided.

Abstract: A network switch comprises a plurality of optical physical transport layer resources and a control plane management engine capable of receiving, via a request over a network interface, at least one control plane provisioning policy that maps at least one upper layer resource to at least some of the optical physical transport layer resources. The control plane management engine provisions at least some of the optical physical transport layer resources for use by at least one virtual control plane, which operates according to rules of the control plane provisioning policy. The control plane management engine is configured to manage network traffic among the at least some optical physical transport layer resources and external networking nodes according to the at least one virtual control plane.

Abstract: Methods of operating an optical communication system in coherent optical transmissions for metro applications. Relative to conventional solutions, the optical communication system can be implemented with reduced cost and can operate with reduced power consumption, while maintaining high data rate performance (e.g., 100 G). Furthermore, a programmable transceiver enables compatibility with a range of different types of optical networks having varying performance and power tradeoffs. In one embodiment, the optical communication system uses 100 Gb/s dual-polarization 16-point quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM) with non-linear pre-compensation of Indium Phosphide (InP) optics for low power consumption.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for sampling an LCom message and accurately decoding the entire LCom message using a light receiver (e.g., digital camera) of a typical mobile computing device, such as a smartphone, tablet, or other mobile computing device. In one embodiment, a curvature method is disclosed to determine LCom signal bit values from a curvature value of a running average calculation of light sensor data. In another embodiment, a signal reconstruction method is disclosed to determine LCom signal bit values from a comparison of modeled data buffers to light sensor data.

Abstract: A single-wavelength light path is selected between a source access node and a destination access node of a wavelength-division multiplexed optical network, including selecting an illuminated wavelength of the light path and selecting a start time and duration for a data transfer that would not interfere with other data transfers. If no start time/wavelength combination is available with duration sufficient to transport the data, an additional wavelength is automatically selected, based on modeling, that would not impair traffic being carried by other wavelengths in the network, and without a time-consuming manual process of the prior art. The scheduling process may include selecting a set of optical fibers, a wavelength, a start time and an end time to transport proposed traffic. A novel scheduler avoids checking every possible start time, thereby saving significant processing time. The scheduler schedules single-wavelength light paths, rather than relying on complex wavelength shifting schemes.

Abstract: A mode-multiplexing control method, and a transmission apparatus and reception apparatus for the same, the mode-multiplexing control method performed by the transmission apparatus, the mode-multiplexing control method including measuring data traffic, determining a transmission mode count to be used based on the measured data traffic, and transmitting data to a reception apparatus through an optical line in transmission modes corresponding to the determined transmission mode count.

Abstract: A digital instruction is generated regarding one or more electrical-to-optical conversion impairments induced at the transmitter of an optical communication system. The digital instruction may be used by the transmitter to reduce the impairments. Alternatively, or additionally, the digital instruction may be used by the receiver of the optical communication system to compensate for the impairments.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of assembly are described that provide improved mechanisms for cooling an optoelectronic transducer in a fiber optic system. The apparatus includes a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) secured to the optoelectronic transducer for removing heat from the optoelectronic transducer in response to instructions from a TEC driver, as well as a microcontroller electrically connected to the TEC driver for monitoring temperature and communicating with the TEC driver to selectively activate and deactivate the TEC at least partially based on the monitored temperature and/or other measured/detected data to effect a more efficient cooling mechanism for optoelectronic transducers, such as VCSELs. In addition, the user may be able to configure the system to maintain the optoelectronic transducer within a user-defined range of temperatures.