Abstract: An article and method for degrading volatile organic compounds in an electronic enclosure is disclosed. The method comprises providing a substrate, such as a scrim material, and applying a catalyst to the substrate. The catalyst typically includes a base metal. The substrate and catalyst material are placed into a disk drive (or other electronic) enclosure where they help in degradation of organic compounds, in particular volatile organic compounds. In certain implementations the base metal is selected from the group of manganese, vanadium, nickel, copper, cobalt, chromium, iron, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a high molecular weight polyethylene terephthalate (PET) via a solid state polymerization system. The method comprises using an acid catalyst to effectuate the conversion of acetaldehyde present within the system to 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, which can be readily removed. The invention also relates to PET prepared via this process, which can advantageously exhibit low levels of acetaldehyde.

Abstract: A method and system remove contaminants from a vapor. In one embodiment, the system includes a contaminant removal system having a vacuum box. A contaminated vapor from process equipment is introduced to the vacuum box. The contaminated vapor includes steam and hydrocarbons. The vacuum box includes a water removal device. The water removal device removes water from the contaminated vapor to provide water and a reduced water vapor. The water and the reduced water vapor are removed from the vacuum box.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hybrid reverse flow catalytic apparatus having two reaction zones: a homogeneous reaction zone in porous ceramic and a heterogeneous reaction zone with catalyst, arranged in two different catalyst beds. A first catalytic bed located in a central region of the reactor is provided with a low activity catalyst and a second catalyst bed located in a peripheral region of the reactor is provided with a high activity catalyst. The provision of two catalyst beds containing different catalysts reduces the effect of radial temperature gradients in the reactor and improves the overall efficiency of the reactor. The invention also relates to method of performing catalytic and thermochemical reactions in said apparatus.

Abstract: A composition which provides enhanced removal of aldehydes from the air of the building interior. The composition includes an amino silane and a multivalent metal carbonate and is especially suitable for adding to building product board substrates, such as acoustical ceiling panels and gypsum wallboards. The composition of the invention can be applied during manufacturing or can be post applied to already constructed room surfaces. The composition provides longevity of aldehyde removal heretofore unachieved.

Abstract: Heterogeneous catalyst systems, methods of making these systems, and methods of using these systems, wherein catalytically active gold is deposited onto composite support media. The composite support media is formed by providing nanoporous material on at least a portion of the surfaces of carbonaceous host material. In representative embodiments, relatively fine, nanoporous guest particles are coated or otherwise provided on surfaces of relatively coarser activated carbon particles. Catalytically active gold may be deposited onto one or both of the guest or host materials either before or after the guest and host materials are combined to from the composite host material. PVD is the preferred catalyst system of depositing gold.

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Abstract: A high capacity filtration media, method of preparing the media, and method of treating a fluid stream with the media are provided. The media contain a porous substrate impregnated with high concentrations of a permanganate. Preferably, the media includes a porous substrate impregnated with at least about 8% permanganate by weight. The media can optionally contain sodium bicarbonate. Improved capacity for the removal of undesirable compounds such as ethylene, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan are achieved.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a catalyst for ozone oxidation of pollutant components dispersed in a gas is provided. The ozone oxidation catalyst has a porous body formed from a metal body, a ceramic, or polymeric fibers coated with metal. A catalytic noble metal composition is deposited on the surface of the porous body. The catalytic noble metal composition is formed from particles of a noble metal supported by a mesoporous molecular sieve.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vanadium/titania-based catalyst including natural manganese ore for removing nitrogen oxides and dioxin in a wide operating temperature range and a method of using the same. Specifically, this invention pertains to a vanadium/titania (V/TiO2)-based catalyst, including natural manganese ore, and a method for removing nitrogen oxides and dioxin over a wide operating temperature range, in which the WTiO2 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides and removal of dioxin contained in flue gas includes 5-30 wt of natural manganese ore.

Abstract: The present invention relates to environmental protection field. The present invention provided a method and a system thereof for treating flue gases generated from waste incinerator by using a dual-purpose reactor, wherein said dual-purpose reactor includes a connected incineration chamber and gas-solid suspension chamber. The method and the system of the invention can continuous operate under high temperature and remove acid gases and dioxin or dioxin precursor completely.

Abstract: A VOC treatment apparatus is provided for treating substantially opaque VOCs and comprises a processing chamber (24) in which VOCs are treated; and a solar energy introducing device (8). The solar energy introducing device (8) comprises a tubular structure having a first end located external to the processing chamber (24) and having a first inlet (14) through which concentrated sunlight is received and a second inlet (16) through which a flow of substantially optically transmittant gas is received. The solar energy introducing device (8) has a second end (18) that opens into the processing chamber (24) and terminates in a nozzle providing an outlet for the substantially optically transmittant gas and the concentrated sunlight. In use the optically transmittant gas exits the second end of the device in a jet to create an optically transmittant zone in the substantially opaque VOCs within the processing chamber (24), in which zone the sunlight can travel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fluid purification device that has a deactivation resistant photocatalyst having nanocrystallites of less than 14 nanometers (nm) in diameter with at least 200 m2 surface area/cm3 of skeletal volume in cylindrical pores of 5 nm in diameter or larger, with the mode of the pore size distribution 10 nm or more.

Abstract: A multi-stage scrubbing system comprises a pre-scrubber system structured to receive a vent stream therein and pre-scrub the vent stream with a pre-scrubber fluid. The pre-scrubber system includes a first outlet for discharging a pre-scrubbed vent stream and a second outlet for discharging a discharge stream of pre-scrubber fluid. A main scrubber system is fluidly coupled to the first outlet of the pre-scrubber system for receiving and further scrubbing the pre-scrubbed vent stream.

Abstract: A composition based on cerium and niobium oxide in a proportion of niobium oxide of 2% to 20% is described. This composition can include zirconium oxide, optionally 50% of cerium oxide, 2% to 20% of niobium oxide, and at most 48% of zirconium oxide. Also described, is the use of the composition for treating exhaust gases.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and systems for sequestering and/or reducing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or carbon dioxide present in industrial effluent fluid streams. A solid particulate material comprising a slag component, a binder component (distinct from the slag component), and optionally water is formed and then contacted with the effluent fluid stream to reduce at least one of the sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and/or carbon dioxide. The contacting of the effluent stream may occur in a packed bed reactor with the solid dry particulate material. Methods of reducing pollutants from exhaust generated by combustion sources, lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the like are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates improving the performance of nitrogen oxide reduction by exposing rich exhaust to catalysts systems comprising a catalyst, wherein the catalyst systems are free of platinum group metals. The present invention also relates to improving reduction of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon in exhaust by introducing air into a portion of the exhaust between a first catalyst system and a second catalyst system. The present invention also relates to improving nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon reduction by (1) exposing rich exhaust to a first catalysts system, wherein the exhaust has an R value of greater than 1.0 and the first catalyst system comprises a catalyst and is free of platinum group metals and (2) introducing air into a portion of the exhaust in between the first catalyst system and a second catalyst system, wherein the second catalyst system is free of platinum group metals.

Abstract: Concentrated aqueous hydrogen peroxide or another reactive compound in a liquid carrier is activated by atomization and contact with a suitable catalyst that is concurrently atomized in a carrier liquid. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide and a hydrogen peroxide activation catalyst are atomized into a droplet spray for catalytic activation of the hydrogen peroxide in this invention, useful for treatment of a combustion flue gas containing contaminants such as NO? and/or Hg.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst deposited on a substrate is described for the destruction of CO and volatile organic compounds, in particular halogenated organic compounds, from an emissions stream at temperatures from 250° C. to 450° C. The oxidation catalyst includes at least two platinum group metals, one of which is either platinum or ruthenium, supported on refractory oxides, such as a solid solution of CeO2 and ZrO2, and tin oxide and/or silica.

Abstract: A composition based on cerium, zirconium and tungsten is described. The composition has a content expressed as an oxide, of which cerium is from 5% to 30% of the composition, tungsten is from 2% to 17% of the composition, and the remainder of the composition is zirconium. After aging at 750° C. under an air atmosphere including 10% water, it has a two-phase crystallographic structure having a tetragonal zirconia phase and a monoclinic zirconia phase, with no presence of a crystalline phase including tungsten. The composition can be used as a catalyst, especially in an SCR process.

Abstract: A combustion exhaust gas processing device comprises: a dust collector collecting dust in a cement kiln combustion exhaust gas: a wet dust collector as a catalyst-poisoning-substance stripper removing a catalyst-poisoning substance from a combustion exhaust gas which passed the wet dust collector; and a catalyst device from which NOx, a persistent organic pollutant, etc. in the preheated combustion exhaust gas, are removed. A titanium-vanadium catalyst etc. as an oxide catalyst is used upstream of the catalyst device, and a platinum catalyst etc. as a noble-metal catalyst downstream of the catalyst device. The temperature of the combustion exhaust gas after the catalyst-poisoning substance is removed is increased up to 140° C. or more with the preheaters to prevent decline in denitration efficiency of and the decomposition efficiency of a volatile organic compound.

Abstract: This invention declares the method of preparation of cerium oxide supported palladium-gold catalysts and the process of destruction of volatile organic compounds in air to remove volatile organic compounds using the above catalysts. Destruction of volatile organic compounds in air stream over these catalysts is carried out in a fixed bed reactor to remove volatile organic compounds in air.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the conversion of biomass to oxygenated organic compound using a simplified syngas cleanup operation that is cost effective and protects the fermentation operation. The processes of this invention treat the crude syngas from the gasifier by non-catalytic partial oxidation. The partial oxidation reduces the hydrocarbon content of the syngas such as methane, ethylene and acetylene to provide advantageous gas feeds for anaerobic fermentations to produce oxygenated organic compounds such as ethanol, propanol and butanol. Additionally, the partial oxidation facilitates any additional cleanup of the syngas as may be required for the anaerobic fermentation. Producer gases and partial oxidation processes are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for recovering sulfur from acid gases. Acid gases containing relatively high amounts of carbonyl sulfide and/or one or more types of mercaptans can be treated in a sulfur recovery system employing an acid gas enrichment zone and a tail gas treatment zone, where partially-loaded sulfur absorbing solvent from the tail gas treatment zone is employed for sulfur absorption in the acid gas enrichment zone. Off-gas from the acid gas enrichment zone can be combined and hydrogenated with a sulfur recovery unit tail gas thereby increasing the total amount of sulfur recovery from the initial acid gas.

Abstract: Decomposing methane released by landfill sites, swamps, mining, and other activities into carbon dioxide would reduce global warming. The global warming potential of methane is several folds higher than that of carbon dioxide. As such, decomposing methane into carbon dioxide would result in a reduction of global warning. Additionally, it occasionally becomes necessary to abate methane to mitigate otherwise hazardous conditions created by accumulation of methane in confined spaces, such as, underground mines or buildings. A novel method of decomposing methane, even when present in low concentrations, is disclosed. In the method described, ozone is added to the methane-air mixture and passed over a catalyst. Methane reacts with ozone in the presence of the catalyst and decomposes into carbon dioxide and water.

Abstract: A biomass gasification gas purification system has a dust removal apparatus for filtering soot and dust from biomass gasification gas (including tar component) obtained through the gasification of the biomass using a biomass gasification furnace, a desulfurization apparatus for removing sulfur oxide component in the filtered biomass gasification gas, first to third pre-reformation reactors that provide pre-reforming catalyst for reforming the tar component in the biomass gasification gas after desulfurization, and first and second coolers that are interposed between the first to third pre-reformation reactors, and for cooling the reformed gas.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the production of chlorine dioxide comprising formation of chlorine dioxide in a reaction medium in at least one reaction vessel and withdrawing chlorine dioxide from said at least one reaction vessel, the process further comprising a step of treating reaction medium or at least one process stream originating directly or indirectly from said at least one reaction vessel with an adsorbent efficient for removing chlorinated organic compounds from said at least one process stream.

Abstract: A compound includes a polymer where the polymer includes a pendant dioxirane moiety. Cost-effective, facilitated generation of a polymer including a pendant dioxirane moiety allows for the compound to be disposable or be easily recycled. The compound can be used in air purification and liquid purification to not only remove particulate matter, but also to destroy microorganisms and remove volatile organic compounds.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods and equipment for generating an activated sorbent from a sorbent precursor with the addition of certain chemicals that enhance the effectiveness of the activated sorbent. The invention is also directed to the methods and equipment for generating some of the chemicals that are added to the raw carbonaceous material or activated sorbent to enhance its effectiveness. The invention is also directed to methods and equipment for generating certain chemicals that can be added to a gas stream to convert a given gaseous pollutant to a form that is more easily removed from the gas stream. The invention is also directed to methods and equipment for adding an activated sorbent and various chemicals for a gas stream having one or more gaseous pollutants.

Abstract: A compound includes a polymer where the polymer includes a pendant dioxirane moiety. Cost-effective, facilitated generation of a polymer including a pendant dioxirane moiety allows for the compound to be disposable or be easily recycled. The compound can be used in air purification and liquid purification to not only remove particulate matter, but also to destroy microorganisms and remove volatile organic compounds.

Abstract: A method for removing at least one contaminant from a fluid stream includes filtering the fluid stream with a filtration medium. The filtration medium includes an impregnate. The impregnate includes an organic amine and an inorganic metal salt. The inorganic metal salt includes magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or combinations thereof. The medium has from about 0.1 to about 25% by weight of impregnate. The impregnate contains from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight organic amine, and the organic amine includes aqueous urea, solid urea, melamine or mixtures thereof. The impregnate contains from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight metal salt. The impregnate optionally further includes a surfactant such as polyacrylic acid. In some embodiments, the method includes removing at least two contaminants from the fluid stream.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extracting and processing gases from submerged sources are disclosed. A system for removing and processing a gas from a submerged area in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a membrane or other open-bottom structure having a port and being disposed over at least a portion of the submerged area so as to at least partially enclose a volume of the gas. The system can further include a chemical reactor coupled to the open-bottom structure to receive the gas, and positioned to conduct a non-combustion reaction to dissociate a constituent from a donor substance of the gas.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a physical mixture of particles of a catalytic material and particles of char is provided. The catalyst can be used in various processes, including the reforming of tars present in syngas generated during biomass gasification. The catalyst is produced through a mechanical mixing of the catalytic material and char particles, which results in significant time and energy savings over methods of catalyst preparation that involve impregnation and calcining of a support material.

Abstract: A method of reforming a gasification gas, in order to decompose the impurities comprised in the gas, and a use of a precious metal catalyst in the pre-reforming of gasification gas. The gas can be brought into contact with a metal catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The reformation can be carried out in several stages, in which case at least in one of the first catalytic zones a noble metal catalyst can be used, and in a secondary reforming stage which follows the first, preliminary reforming zone, the catalyst that can be used is a metal catalyst. Oxygen can be fed separately into each of the catalyst zones. The use of a noble metal catalyst can reduce the risk of deactivation of the metal catalysts and can increase the operating life of the catalyst.

Abstract: Methods are provided for physically removing all the carbon dioxide from the combustion products of solid, liquid, and gaseous fossil fuels. The combustors operate without excess air to maximize the carbon dioxide at the exhaust, which is compressed with the nitrogen and mixed with pressurized water to dissolve the carbon dioxide in a chamber from which the nitrogen gas is removed. The solution is drained into a second lower pressure chamber from which the carbon dioxide re-evolves as a gas, which is then pressurized for sequestration in limestone formations as calcium bicarbonate. The water is recycled to repeat the separation process, and depressurization of the two gases recovers most of the compression energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for the purification of air by passing a flow of the air through a filter having a photocatalytic action subjected to UV lighting, said filter comprising a felt of mineral fibers, the fibers of which are coated with a material having a photocatalytic action, the residence time of the air in contact with the filter being greater than 70 msec and the UV lighting having a power of less than 35 mW per cm2 of lit surface of filter having a photocatalytic action. The invention is particularly effective in removing volatile organic compounds from the air.

Abstract: Disclosed are reactive fibers having a polycationic exterior surface to which multivalent peroxy anions are bound. The use of such fibers, mats of such fibers, and filters of such fibers, as well as methods of treating fluid streams, and rejuvenating such fibers, mats and filters are also disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and systems for sequestering and/or reducing carbon dioxide present in an industrial effluent fluid stream containing carbon dioxide. A scrubbing material comprising a first component, a second component (distinct from the first component), and preferably water, is contacted with the effluent fluid stream. The first component comprises a source of calcium oxide and a source of alkali metal ions. The second component comprises a slag having one or more reactive silicate compounds. Methods of reducing carbon dioxide from exhaust generated by combustion sources, lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the like are provided. Carbon dioxide emission abatement systems are also disclosed. Methods of recycling industrial byproducts are further provided.

Abstract: Purified air is provided, having a TVOC content of from less than 5 ppb to about 500 ppb, a Biologicals content of from less than 1 CFU/M3 to 150 CFU/M3 and a Particulate content of from about 1,000 0.3 ?m particles per ft3 to about 50,000 0.3 ?m particles per ft3, or from about 600 0.5 ?m particles per ft3 to about 500,000 0.5 ?m particles per ft3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hybrid reverse flow catalytic apparatus having two reaction zones: a homogeneous reaction zone in porous ceramic and a heterogeneous reaction zone with catalyst, arranged in two different catalyst beds. A first catalytic bed located in a central region of the reactor is provided with a low activity catalyst and a second catalyst bed located in a peripheral region of the reactor is provided with a high activity catalyst. The provision of two catalyst beds containing different catalysts reduces the effect of radial temperature gradients in the reactor and improves the overall efficiency of the reactor. The invention also relates to method of performing catalytic and thermochemical reactions in said apparatus.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for reducing content of tar in a tar containing syngas. The process includes contacting the tar containing syngas with a molecular oxygen containing gas in a first reaction zone to produce a gas mixture. The gas mixture is passed through a heat treatment zone maintained at a temperature between about 900° C. to about 2000° C. for a contact time of about 0.5 to about 5 seconds. In this aspect, at least a portion of the tar undergoes at least partial oxidation and/or cracking to produce a hot syngas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gaseous fossil fuel fired, indirectly heated, Brayton closed cycle comprising an alkali metal seeded noble gases that is rendered non-equilibrium, electrically conducting in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electric power generator with zero emissions from the combustion products, including physical separation and sequestration of the carbon dioxide (CO2) what is emitted from the fossil fuel, with said cycle combined with a Rankine steam turbine bottoming cycle to compress the noble gas, while another optional new or existing Rankine steam cycle is placed in parallel and separate from the MHD cycle, and it is fired by the solid char remaining if the MHD cycle is fired with the devolatilized coal, and/or with solid coal culm, and/or unburned carbon in coal power plant waste ash, in order to achieve high efficiency at low capital, low operating, and low fuel costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a multi-component system for adsorbing contaminants and/or pollutants from a contaminated hot fluid by using a turbulent air stream, to adiabatically cool the temperature of the fluid, in association with one or more adsorbents. The system of the present invention can also be coupled to a recovery and recycling unit to recover and recycle the contaminant and/or pollutant and the adsorbent material.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for purification of silicon tetrachloride which solves the problems of separating and removing organic chlorosilanes by distillation or adsorption. The method for purification of silicon tetrachloride comprises the steps of (1) bringing a mixed gas including a silicon tetrachloride gas and an oxygen-containing gas into contact with a catalyst layer which is controlled to a temperature of 200 to 450° C. and which includes at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon and metal-supporting activated carbon, and (2) cooling the mixed gas after brought into contact to separate and recover liquid silicon tetrachloride.

Abstract: An absorption medium for removing acid gases from a fluid stream comprises an aqueous solution of a) of at least one metal salt of an aminocarboxylic acid, and b) of at least one acid promoter, wherein the molar ratio of b) to a) is in the range from 0.0005 to 1.0. The acid promoter is selected from mineral acids, carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, organic phosphonic acids and partial esters thereof. The absorption medium, compared with absorption media based on amino acid salts, has a reduced regeneration energy requirement without significantly reducing the absorption capacity of the solution for acid gases. In a process for removing acid gases from the fluid stream, the fluid stream is brought into contact with the absorption medium.

Abstract: A method for removing vinyl monomers from a gas stream comprises steps of: irradiating a photoactive-inorganic medium by a light emitting unit to activate the photoactive-inorganic medium; and pumping a gas stream including vinyl monomers to contact with the activated photoactive-inorganic medium to make the vinyl monomers in the gas stream to polymerize on the photoactive-inorganic medium to jointly form a polymeric nano-composite.

Abstract: Provided are catalyst articles, emission treatment systems and methods for simultaneously remediating the carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The emission treatment system of specific embodiment effectively treats diesel engine exhaust with a single catalyst article.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous catalyst body for decomposing hydrocarbons, comprising a porous composite oxide comprising at least magnesium and/or calcium, and aluminum, and metallic nickel having a particle diameter of 1 to 25 nm, wherein the porous catalyst body has an average crushing strength of not less than 5 kgf and a displacement length of not less than 0.05 mm as measured by compressing the porous catalyst body under a load of 5 kgf. The porous catalyst body for decomposing hydrocarbons according to the present invention is less expensive, and has an excellent catalytic activity for decomposition and removal of hydrocarbons, an excellent anti-sulfur poisoning property, a high anti-coking property even under a low-steam condition, a crushing strength and a displacement length which are optimum for DSS operation, and an excellent durability.

Abstract: Provided is a method for scavenging airborne formaldehyde. The method comprises contacting the airborne formaldehyde with a formaldehyde scavenger of the formula I: where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and RA are as defined herein.

Abstract: An exhaust gas containing a perfluoride compound (PFC) and SiF4 is conducted into a silicon remover and brought into contact with water. A reaction water supplied from a water supplying piping and air supplied from an air supplying piping are mixed with the exhaust gas exhausted from the silicon remover. The exhaust gas containing water, air, and CF4 is heated at 700° C. by a heater. The exhaust gas containing PFC is conducted to a catalyst layer filled with an alumina group catalyst. The PFC is decomposed to HF and CO2 by the catalyst. The exhaust gas containing HF and CO2 at a high temperature exhausted from the catalyst layer is cooled in a cooling apparatus. Subsequently, the exhaust gas is conducted to an acidic gas removing apparatus to remove HF. In this way, the silicon component is removed from the exhaust gas before introducing the exhaust gas into the catalyst layer.