Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for removing methane from a gas which contains the methane at such a low concentration as not to be rendered into a combustible range with whatever ratio of air mixed therewith. In order to ensure satisfactory methane removal performance even in the coexistence of sulfur compound and in order also to provide stable methane removal performance for an extended period of time without performance deterioration even when the methane concentration varies significantly, the gas is fed to a heat exchanger for preheating and methane is exposed to an oxidation catalyst which oxidizes the methane through contact therewith. Then, the resultant gas is fed again to the heat exchanger for heat recovery through heat exchange with un-reacted gas. Further, the flow rate of gas to be treated is varied, according to a concentration of the methane contained in this treated gas.

Abstract: Concentrated aqueous hydrogen peroxide or another reactive compound in a liquid carrier is activated by atomization and contact with a suitable catalyst that is concurrently atomized in a carrier liquid. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide and a hydrogen peroxide activation catalyst are atomized into a droplet spray for catalytic activation of the hydrogen peroxide in this invention, useful for treatment of a combustion flue gas containing contaminants such as NO? and/or Hg.

Abstract: A catalyst and its use for the abatement of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons in the exit stream of a combustion device, such as an automobile and spray paint booths are disclosed.

Abstract: The present discloses a process and catalyst therefor to selectively remove acetylenes from gaseous streams in the vapor phase. The process is particularly suitable for high yield recovery of olefinic hydrocarbons from gaseous streams in refinery processes.

Abstract: A method for purifying waste gases of an at least partially burnt solid fuel to reduce pollutants such as SOx and/or HCl and NOx. The waste gas flows into a moving bed reactor from below through a lower and upper layer of an adsorption and/or absorption agent already polluted with NOx, SOx and/or HCl. SOx and/or HCl components are adsorbed from the waste gas into the NOx loaded adsorption and/or absorption agent. Thereafter, the waste gas is mixed with an ammonium-containing compound and flows through an upper horizontal gas inflow and bulk material removal tray of the moving bed reactor into the upper layer of the adsorption and/or absorption agent already polluted with NOx and small quantities of SOx and/or HCl. During the throughflow of the upper layer, NOx components are adsorbed from the waste gas onto the adsorption/absorption agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the selective separation of methane (“CH4”) from higher carbon number hydrocarbons (“HHC”s) in streams containing both methane and higher carbon number hydrocarbons (e.g. ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, etc.) utilizing a zeolitic imidazolate framework (“ZIF”) material. Preferably, the stream to be separated is fed to the present process in a substantially gaseous phase. In preferred embodiments, the current invention is utilized in a process to separate methane from higher carbon number hydrocarbons in natural gas streams.

Abstract: A system for removing CO, H2 and CH4 from an anode waste gas stream from a fuel cell is disclosed. The two catalyst system may comprise a platinum/palladium catalyst and a copper/manganese catalyst. The anode waste stream comes in contact with the platinum/palladium catalyst prior to contacting the copper/manganese catalyst.

Abstract: A photocatalyst is provided that comprises activated carbon produced from date pits, impregnated with TiO2. The activated carbon can have a porous surface that can attract and trap pollutants flowing in air or water. The photocatalyst can be made by a method that includes preparing activated carbon by calcining date pits to form a precursor material, and then impregnating the precursor material with titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A photocatalyst is provided that comprises activated carbon produced from date pits, impregnated with TiO2. The activated carbon can have a porous surface that can attract and trap pollutants flowing in air or water. The photocatalyst can be made by a method that includes preparing activated carbon by calcining date pits to form a precursor material, and then impregnating the precursor material with titanium dioxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for generating steam and manufacturing a product gas by catalytically reacting a feed gas in a reactor unit comprising a reactor tube. Said method encompasses the following steps:—a catalyst bed is conveyed through the reactor tube;—the feed gas is allowed to flow into the catalyst bed against the direction of travel of the catalyst bed;—a temperature profile is regulated along the reactor tube by thermally insulating, heating, and/or cooling regulation sections in the reactor tube; and—the waste heat generated in one of the regulation sections by the cooling action is transferred from the reactor tube to a steam generation unit. The feed gas can be syngas and especially biogas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing volatile organic compounds included in the air, comprising: generating ozone; and treating the ozone with a catalyst to generate reactive species, wherein the volatile organic compounds are decomposed by the reactive species.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a catalyst for ozone oxidation of pollutant components dispersed in a gas is provided. The ozone oxidation catalyst has a porous body formed from a metal body, a ceramic, or polymeric fibers coated with metal. A catalytic noble metal composition is deposited on the surface of the porous body. The catalytic noble metal composition is formed from particles of a noble metal supported by a mesoporous molecular sieve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the selective separation of carbon dioxide (“CO2”) from methane (“CH4”) in streams containing both carbon dioxide and methane utilizing a zeolitic imidazolate framework (“ZIF”) material. Preferably, the stream to be separated is fed to the present process in a substantially gaseous phase. In preferred embodiments, the current invention is utilized in a process to separate carbon dioxide from natural gas streams preferably for sequestration of at least a portion of the carbon dioxide present in the natural gas.

Abstract: Horizontal gas-liquid scrubbing systems and associated gas scrubbing methodologies are provided. In one embodiment, a horizontal duct scrubbing system includes a horizontally disposed housing having a waste gas inlet and a treated gas outlet, a liquid inlet manifold disposed within the horizontally disposed housing, the liquid inlet manifold comprising a plurality of nozzles oriented to spray a scrubbing liquor co-current to the flow of a gas stream flowing through the horizontally disposed housing, and a demister located proximal the treated gas outlet, where the horizontally disposed housing is substantially free of flow deflection members between the liquid inlet manifold and the demister.

Abstract: A process of generating power utilizing a low level heat from a raw syngas produced in a quench gasifier is disclosed. The process includes a first stage that includes: producing raw syngas at the quench gasifier, making 150 psi saturated steam from the produced raw syngas, superheating the saturated steam, and using the superheated saturated steam in a low pressure steam turbine to generate power. The process includes a second stage that includes: providing the raw syngas and a process condensate stream to a thermal fluid vaporizer to vaporize an organic thermal fluid, and using the vaporized organic thermal fluid in an expander turbine to generate power via an organic Rankine cycle.

Abstract: Ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation (UV-PCO) air purification system includes controller that coordinates operation of photocatalytic reactor that removes volatile organic compounds from air and a regeneration mode that removes contaminants adsorbed in UV-PCO system. Controller coordinates operation of the regeneration mode and photocatalytic reactor so that when air purification system is turned on, the regeneration mode begins to operate before photocatalytic reactor is activated. The initial operation of the regeneration mode allows contaminants that have adsorbed in UV-PCO system to be removed before controller initiates a normal operation mode by activating photocatalytic reactor to cleanse the air.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and systems for sequestering and/or reducing carbon dioxide present in an industrial effluent fluid stream containing carbon dioxide. A scrubbing material comprising a first component, a second component (distinct from the first component), and preferably water, is contacted with the effluent fluid stream. The first component comprises a source of calcium oxide and a source of alkali metal ions. The second component comprises a slag having one or more reactive silicate compounds. Methods of reducing carbon dioxide from exhaust generated by combustion sources, lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the like are provided. Carbon dioxide emission abatement systems are also disclosed. Methods of recycling industrial byproducts are further provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating exhaust gases comprising organosilicon components or accompanying substances. The invention more specifically relates to the use of bulk regenerator materials as storage materials allowing periodic removal, purification, and redelivery to the system. The invention solves the problem of clogged regenerator-storage materials during regenerative post-combustion of exhaust gases containing organosilicon components.

Abstract: An air purifier has a housing with an inlet for receiving air and an outlet for exhausting air. The housing provides an air flow path for the flow of air in a downstream direction, from the inlet towards the outlet. Particulate pre-filtration is located within the housing downstream from the air inlet. VOC pre-filtration is located within the housing downstream from the particulate pre-filtration. UV filtration is located within the housing downstream from the VOC pre-filtration. VOC post-filtration is located within the housing downstream from the UV filtration. Final particulate filtration is located within the housing downstream from the VOC post-filtration.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fluid purification device that has a deactivation resistant photocatalyst having nanocrystallites of less than 14 nanometers (nm) in diameter with at least 200 m2 surface area/cm3 of skeletal volume in cylindrical pores of 5 nm in diameter or larger, with the mode of the pore size distribution 10 nm or more.

Abstract: Waste treatment comprises heating it in a chamber to effect pyrolysis of the waste, introducing oxygen into the chamber to effect combustion of the pyrolyzed waste, and contacting off-gas from the pyrolysis and/or combustion steps with an oxidation catalyst to convert carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the off-gas into carbon dioxide and water and with a reduction catalyst to convert nitrous oxides to nitrogen and oxygen. Thus, domestic waste is treated in a batch process using catalytic converters to reduce the level of toxic components before off-gas reaches the atmosphere.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the destruction of one or more PFCs in a gas stream are provided. The gas stream can come from semiconductor processing, for example. The PFCs in the gas stream are reacted with steam in the presence of a catalyst to fragment the PFCs into other compounds that are readily removed from the gas stream. The catalyst comprises gallium, and can additionally comprise zirconium oxide. The gas stream can also be pre-treated prior to reacting the PFCs with steam to remove substances that could be deleterious to the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst including a ceramic structure containing porous ceramic paper and a catalyst component supported on the ceramic structure, and to a method for removing formaldehyde using the catalyst. The present invention provides a catalyst in which a structure made of ceramic paper having excellent characteristics in terms of porosity, specific surface area, and the like is used as a support for the catalyst component to maximize an effective area for reacting the supported catalyst component with a substance to be treated, thereby improving catalyst performance. The present invention also provides a method of using the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the selective separation of hydrogen (“H2”) hydrocarbons in streams containing both hydrogen and hydrocarbons (e.g. methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, etc.) utilizing a zeolitic imidazolate framework (“ZIF”) material. Preferably, the stream to be separated is fed to the present process in a substantially gaseous phase. In preferred embodiments, the current invention is utilized in either a pressure swing adsorption process, a temperature swing adsorption process, or a membrane separations process to separate hydrogen from hydrocarbons present in hydrogen production streams or petrochemical/petroleum refining product streams and intermediate streams.

Abstract: The exhaust gas of internal combustion engines operated with a predominantly stoichiometric air/fuel mixture contains, as well as the gaseous hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollutants, also ultrafine particulates. There is disclosed a catalytically active particulate filter, an exhaust gas cleaning system and a process for cleaning the exhaust gases of predominantly stoichiometrically operated internal combustion engines, as well as the gaseous CO, HC and NOx pollutants, also for removing particulates from the exhaust gas. The particulate filter comprises a filter body and a catalytically active coating consisting of two layers. Both layers contain alumina. The first layer contains palladium. The second layer contains rhodium. The latter is disposed above the first layer.

Abstract: Methods of using an adsorption medium to remove at least one constituent from a feed stream. The method comprises contacting an adsorption medium with a feed stream comprising at least one constituent and removing the at least one constituent from the feed stream. The adsorption medium comprises a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix and at least one metal hydroxide homogenously dispersed therein. The adsorption medium may comprise from approximately 15 wt % to approximately 90 wt % of the PAN and from approximately 10 wt % to approximately 85 wt % of the at least one metal hydroxide. The at least one metal hydroxide may be selected from the group consisting of ferric hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, lanthanum hydroxide, cerium hydroxide, titanium hydroxide, copper hydroxide, antimony hydroxide, and molybdenum hydroxide.

Abstract: A method and an abatement device for destroying the low concentration coalmine methane is disclosed. Low concentration coalmine methane can be destroyed automatically by passing through the device described in the following process: (A) Heating the oxidization bed electrically till its temperature rises up to at least 800° C.; (B) Passing the airflow that contains low concentration coalmine methane into the oxidization bed, where the methane is oxidized quickly, releasing thermal energy; (C) Reserving of the thermal energy generated to maintain the reactions continuously; (D) Discharging of waste gas from the oxidization bed after oxidizing reaction; (E) Reversing airflow direction and passing the low concentration coalmine methane from the opposite direction into the oxidization bed, where methane is oxidized and releasing the thermal energy; and (F) Reserving and outputting excess thermal energy. These steps from (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) are repeated.

Abstract: A photocatalyst is provided that comprises activated carbon produced from date pits, impregnated with TiO2. The activated carbon can have a porous surface that can attract and trap pollutants flowing in air or water. The photocatalyst can be made by a method that includes preparing activated carbon by calcining date pits to form a precursor material, and then impregnating the precursor material with titanium dioxide.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the oxidation of organic compounds contained in a gas stream and comprises the step of introducing the gas stream containing the organic compounds together with sufficient oxygen to effect the desired amount of oxidation into an oxidation reactor containing an oxidation catalyst and maintaining the temperature of said gas stream at a temperature sufficient to effect oxidation, characterised in that the oxidation catalyst contains at least 0.01% by weight of ruthenium, cobalt or manganese.

Abstract: The invention provides various methods for removing gas phase pollutants by calcining limestone or dolomite using flash calcination to produce a high surface area lime or hydrated lime and directly adding the lime or hydrated lime to a gas stream containing gas phase pollutants. In other methods, the production of an activated sorbent, such as activated carbon, is combined with the production of the high surface area lime or hydrated lime and directly added to a gas stream containing gas phase pollutants. The combination of lime or hydrated lime and an activated sorbent enhances the removal of gas phase pollutants such as those from a coal-fired boiler flue gas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and methods for decontaminating syngas generated in a fluidized-bed gasifier wherein metal contaminants, inter alia, alkali metals, halogens, particulates, and transition metals and sulfur containing contaminants are removed prior to the catalytic thermal cracking of tar and ammonia. Further disclosed is an apparatus and methods for removing ammonia from syngas.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and systems for sequestering and/or reducing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or carbon dioxide present in industrial effluent fluid streams. A solid particulate material comprising a slag component, a binder component (distinct from the slag component), and optionally water is formed and then contacted with the effluent fluid stream to reduce at least one of the sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and/or carbon dioxide. The contacting of the effluent stream may occur in a packed bed reactor with the solid dry particulate material. Methods of reducing pollutants from exhaust generated by combustion sources, lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the like are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a highly active catalyst for reforming tar-containing gas used to treat crude gas for chemical energy conversion consisting of converting to a fuel composition consisting mainly of methane, hydrogen and the like, by utilizing sensible heat possessed by crude gas generated during thermal decomposition of carbonaceous raw materials, and using the high chemical reaction activity of high-temperature tar contained in and incidental to the crude gas to convert the tar to light hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst; a tar reforming method; and, a method for regenerating a catalyst for reforming tar-containing gas.

Abstract: The hydrothermal stability of transition aluminas used as adsorbents and catalyst carriers is improved through their treatment with a soluble silicon inorganic compound such as sodium silicate wherein the silicon compound is mixed with the alumina powder at the production stage of forming particulates by liquid addition. The silicon containing particulates are activated by heating at a temperature lower than 500° C. and treated, before or after the thermal activation, by a colloidal silica solution to produce a hydrothermally stable, low dust alumina. The total silica content of the final product is typically less than 5 mass-%.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cerium—zirconium-base composite oxide, which is useful, e.g., for the purification of exhaust gas discharged from combustion engines such as internal combustion engines and boilers and can release a high level of oxygen in a low temperature region, a method for producing the same, an oxygen storage/release component using the same, an exhaust gas purification catalyst, and an exhaust gas purification method. The cerium—zirconium-base composite oxide satisfies requirements (1) that the oxygen release initiation temperature is 380° C. or below, (2) that the oxygen release amount is not less than 485 ?mol/g, and further (3) that the oxygen release amount at 400° C. is not less than 15 ?mol/g.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for removal of particles and VOC from an airstream, in which particles carried by the airstream are charged by a corona ionizer and then collected by an electrically enhanced filter downstream of the ionizer. A catalytic filter downstream of the electrically enhanced filter removes VOC as well as ozone generated by the ionizer.

Abstract: To provide an agent for removing a halogen series gas and a method for removing a halogen series gas which is excellent in a removing ability of removing the present halogen series gas in a low concentration area, which prevents an adsorbent from generating heat, and which is capable of reducing formation of a solid waste. A method for removing a halogen series gas, which comprises bringing a gas to be treated which contains at least one member selected from the halogen series gas group consisting of F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, and compounds which generate a hydrogen halide or hypohalogeneous acid upon hydrolysis, into contact with a granule comprising, based on the total mass of the granule, from 45 to 99.85 mass % of an alkali metal salt, from 0.1 to 40 mass % of a carbonaceous material, and from more than 0 mass % to 15 mass % of an alkaline earth metal salt, in the presence of water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a multi-component system for adsorbing contaminants and/or pollutants from a contaminated hot fluid by using a turbulent air stream, to adiabatically cool the temperature of the fluid, in association with one or more adsorbents. The system of the present invention can also be coupled to a recovery and recycling unit to recover and recycle the contaminant and/or pollutant and the adsorbent material.

Abstract: A process and reactor for liquid or gas treatment by photocatalytic reaction by using a catalytic membrane reactor comprising a pourous membrane as a contactor between two phases, that can be liquid or gas, a catalyst material and a liquid or gas phase, wherein as the catalyst material a phytocatalyst and/or change-transfer catalyst are used, and the liquid or gas is illuminated by a light source.

Abstract: To provide a method and apparatus for treating a waste gas containing fluorine-containing compounds, according to which PFCs can be decomposed efficiently even at low temperature, and moreover fluorine from the product of the decomposition can be recovered for reuse efficiently. An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of treating a gas containing a fluorine-containing compound, comprising contacting the gas with a treatment agent comprising a mixture of aluminum hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to the realization of synthesis of organic compounds or abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas-solid fluidised bed photocatalytic reactor with improved illumination efficiency. The photoreactor consists of a two-dimensional fluidized bed catalytic reactor with two walls transparent to ultraviolet radiation, by an illumination system bases on a matrix of LEDs positioned near its external walls, and heated for Joule effect inside the catalytic bed to monitor the reaction temperature. Surprisingly, through the choice of a suitable catalyst and fluidized bed photoreactor operating conditions both total and partial oxidation reactions can be achieved with high activity and selectivity. Even more surprisingly, the value of the illuminated catalyst surface area per unit irradiated volume reaches values in the order of 106 m?1, significantly higher than those of microreactors, amounting to 250,000 m?1 and slurry reactors with values in 8500-170000 m?1.

Abstract: A contaminant removal system for selectively removing contaminants from a fluid stream. The contaminant removal system has a catalytic reactor of the type that is susceptible to deactivating agents. The catalytic reactor is configured to remove contaminants from a fluid stream. The contaminant removal system has a first adsorbent device positioned upstream, with respect to the fluid stream direction, of the catalytic reactor, that is configured to remove the deactivating agents from the fluid stream. The contaminant removal system has a second adsorbent device positioned downstream, with respect to the fluid stream direction, of the catalytic reactor. The second adsorbent device is configured to remove undesirable byproducts that may be generated when the catalytic reactor removes contaminants from the fluid stream.

Abstract: Residual impurity reduction methods and apparatus are provided. A method comprises conducting a gaseous stream through an unlined portion of a pipe, wherein the gaseous stream comprises sodium and wherein the unlined portion of the pipe is at least about eighteen inches long, injecting a neutralizing agent into the gaseous stream at an injection point, wherein the injection point is located at a point where the sodium is in at least a partially condensed state. The gaseous stream is conducted through a heated portion of a pipe and a cooled portion of a pipe. In addition, methods and apparatus may include a trap system for use with a carbonization furnace.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing the tar content in gases resulting from a thermochemical gasification process of carbon-containing starting material and includes contacting of at least a part of the gas obtained from the gasification process with a catalyst containing noble metals, wherein the noble metals include at least two noble metals selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru and Re.

Abstract: The present invention provides a filtering system for a semiconductor processing tool. In one embodiment, the filtering system is associated with the semiconductor processing tool. A system of the invention comprises a first and second filter layer in fluid communication with a gas flow path. The flow path is a gas stream comprising volatile silica containing compounds such as hexamethyldisiloxane and trimethylsilanol. The gas flow path passes through the first and second filter layer to fluidly communicate with the semiconductor processing tool. Preferably, the first filter layer of the filtering system is upstream along the gas flow path from the second filter layer. The medias of the first and second filter layers are selected and arranged based on given contaminant concentrations.

Abstract: A method for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, such as for example carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere above a ground surface, the method comprising injecting a gas stream comprising one or more than one greenhouse gas into a subsurface injection formation, where the subsurface injection formation comprises a water-laden layer comprising formation water, and where some or all of the greenhouse gases present in the gas stream become dissolved in the formation water in the subsurface injection formation, sequestering the one or more than one greenhouse gas in the subsurface injection formation, separating non-greenhouses gas in situ from the greenhouse gas, venting the non-greenhouse gas from the formation and thereby reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Hydrogen (H2) gas and crude carbon dioxide (CO2) gas are separated from a gaseous mixture thereof. Combustible gas(es) in the crude CO2 gas are combusted to produce heat, at least a portion of which is recovered by indirect heat exchange with at least a portion of the separated H2 gas or a gas derived therefrom. The invention may be integrated with coal-fired power stations to reduce or eliminate emission of harmful components into the atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas purifier comprising a filtering media having a photocatalytic action, a system for illuminating said media with UV radiation, a time-delay means or a volatile organic compound analyzer, and a means for automatically adjusting the speed of the gas passing through it or for adjusting the intensity of the UV illumination, said adjusting being carried out as a function of the time determined by the time-delay means or as a function of the content of a volatile organic compound analyzed by the analyzer. The invention also relates to a process for the purification of gas using a purifier comprising a filtering media having a photocatalytic action and a system for illuminating said media with UV radiation, according to which, when the concentration of a compound in the gas is greater than a value V1, the operating capacity of the purifier is lower than its capacity when the concentration of the compound in the gas is less than the value V2, V2 being less than or equal to V1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing the tar content in gases resulting from a thermochemical gasification process of carbon-containing starting material and includes contacting of at least a part of the gas obtained from the gasification process with a catalyst containing noble metals. The invention is further characterized in that the gas to be treated is not brought into contact with a zirconium-based catalyst prior to the contract with the catalyst containing noble metals. The catalyst containing noble metals comprises at least one noble metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru and Re, provided that, in the case that the noble metal chosen is Pt, Pt is used in combination with at least one further noble metal or Ni.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a point-of-origin catalytic abatement system, for treatment of gaseous organic solvent emissions is disclosed. The heating element, forced fresh air fan and catalyst bed material are sized, constructed, arranged, and operated to affect a catalytic oxidation of gaseous organic solvent emissions in the catalyst bed material of the disclosed apparatus to yield essentially only carbon dioxide and water products. The arrangement and process are such that direct contact of solvent gasses with the heating element is avoided to prevent pre-ignition of these solvents in gas phase. In the process, the hot air stream is used to entrain cooler, ambient fresh air to manage both the surface temperature of the enclosure and the outlet temperature of the clean process exhaust.