Abstract: A method for the production of hydrogen peroxide from a source of hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of a dispersion of a catalyst in an organic reaction medium, the catalyst being composed of inert particles of between 1 and 100 microns, the particles having coated thereon about three to ten layers of a zirconium or hafnium complex, the organic reaction medium having a pH of less than about 3 and composed of at least 50% of a lower alkyl alcohol, a lower alkyl ketone or a mixture thereof, water and a mineral acid.

Abstract: The invention herein relates to a direct manufacturing method of hydrogen peroxide over zeolite, wherein transition metals such as palladium or platinum, and organic compounds such as 2-alkyl anthraquinone or the like are encapsulated onto the zeolite channels, and then reducing agents such as hydrogen, ammonia or alcohol are used in the reaction temperature range of 10.about.90.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure. In general, alkyl anthiraquinone used in the conventional manufacturing, method of hydrogen peroxide can be easily hydrogenated in a relatively mild temperature condition in the range of room temperature to 100.degree. C. by means of a compound having hydrogen. However, the use of alkyl anthraquinone in the reaction is problematic due to the fact that it can only be utilized in a working solution with a solvent which can effectively dissolve alkyl anthraquinoe.

Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds IR.sup.1 --X--L (I)whereL is a cyclic carbamate residue, a lactonoxy residue or a lactam residue,X is an oxygen-containing group ##STR1## where A is a linker, and R.sup.1 is an organic radical or a group L,are used as activators for inorganic peroxy compounds, in particular as cold bleach activators or optical brighteners in detergents, cleaners and bleaches and in disinfectants.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen peroxide which comprises reacting hydrogen and oxygen in a reaction medium containing a halide of platinum group metal. The process is far simplified and the produced amount of hydrogen peroxide per the halide of platinum group metal is large.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing hydrogen peroxide by direct reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in an aqueous reaction medium, in which method hydrogen and oxygen are contacted with a catalyst suspended into the reaction medium, and the catalyst is a catalytically active surface material deposited on a support of porous silica, alumina or non-fluorinated carbon having a BET surface less than about 150 m.sup.2 /g, wherein pores with a diameter exceeding about 10 nm constitute more than about 50% of the total pore volume. The invention also relates to a catalyst useful in the claimed method.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the preparation of an ultrapure hydrogen peroxide solution. The process comprises at least one sequence which includes successively passing a solution to be purified through at least two beds of cation-exchange adsorbents (CEA) and two beds of anion-exchange adsorbents (AEA) according to the sequence:AEA .fwdarw. CEA .fwdarw. AEA .fwdarw. CEAAlso provided is a plant for the implementation of the inventive process.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the preparation of an ultrapure hydrogen peroxide solution. The process includes at least one sequence which includes successively passing a solution to be purified through at least one bed of cation-exchange adsorbents (CEA) and at least one bed of anion-exchange adsorbents (AEA). The beds of adsorbents each exhibit a height to diameter ratio of greater than 3. Also provided is a plant for the implementation of the inventive process.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the preparation of an ultrapure hydrogen peroxide solution. The process comprises at least one sequence which includes passing a solution to be purified successively through at least one bed of anion-exchange adsorbents (AEA) and at least one bed of cation-exchange adsorbents (CEA). A non-zero proportion of the solution exiting from one of the beds is recycled to a point upstream of the one bed or upstream of a preceding bed or upstream of the first bed of the first of the at least one sequence. Also provided is a plant for the implementation of the inventive process.

Abstract: A purified aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide is produced by contacting an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide containing organic impurities with a hydrophilic porous resin (the product under a tradename "WOFATIT EP63", etc.) having a specific surface area of not less than 800 m.sup.2 /g to remove the organic impurities in the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Process for purification of aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide comprising the steps of adding one or more macroligands to said solution to form a mixture and forcing the mixture through an ultrafiltration membrane.

Abstract: An apparatus for the molecular oxygen oxidation of a secondary alcohol such as isopropanol to hydrogen peroxide is provided.

Abstract: This invention is a composite membrane for chemical synthesis, a chemical reactor into which the composite membrane might be incorporated, and a method of using the composite membrane. The composite membrane comprises a substrate, a first side, and a second side, wherein the substrate operatively connects the first side and second side, the first side comprises an oxidizing catalyst and the second side comprises a reducing catalyst. The reducing catalyst comprises, in elemental or combinative form, lanthanum, zinc, cerium, praeseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, bismuth, or indium. A chemical reactor utilizing this composite membrane can react hydrogen and oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide without direct mixture of the reactants.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of hydrogen peroxide by the reaction of carbon monoxide, oxygen and water in an organic solvent immiscible with water, in the presence of a catalytic complex soluble in the organic solvent, deriving from the combination of a palladium salt, a non-coordinating organic or inorganic acid and a ligand capable of binding itself to the palladium atom, characterized in that said ligand is a mono or polydentate nitrogenated compound.

Abstract: Method for detecting peroxidase or hydrogen peroxide with high sensitivity. Both peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide are prepared such that one of them is overabundant to the other. Phenoxy radicals are produced from a p-substituted phenol compound by the action of peroxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The free radicals are trapped by a hydroxy amine compound, and stable radical species are produced. Electron spin resonances of the stable radical species are measured.

Abstract: A process for producing a purified aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution comprising bringing an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution containing impurities into contact with an anion exchange resin in the fluoride form is disclosed.According to the process, impurities in the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, particularly impurities containing silicon, such as silicates and silicic acid, can efficiently be removed, and a purified aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution having a high purity can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved test composition for the diagnosis of gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, gastritis, gastric lymphoma and gastric carcinoma by the detection of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori and the enzyme catalase associated with such conditions. The new test composition differs from the prior art agar compositions in being an aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide, urea, monobasic sodium phosphate and bromthymol blue as an indicator, and in being far more rapid than the prior art test compositions.

Abstract: A process for preparing a high purity H.sub.2 O.sub.2 aqueous solution, which comprises the steps of: (a) feeding a crude H.sub.2 O.sub.2 aqueous solution containing H.sub.2 O.sub.2, organic carbon impurities and inorganic impurities into a distillation column having an inner wall at least the surface of which is made of a fluorine resin and internals and packings at least the surface of which are made of a fluorine resin being provided internally of the distillation column, from a bottom portion of the distillation column; (b) subjecting the crude hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution to distillation under reduced pressure and under heating the bottom portion; (c) taking out a distillate containing an extremely low concentration of H.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: Provided is method and apparatus for regenerating basic hydrogen peroxide (BHP) solution. Such solution is run through filters which are alternated for continuous filtration thereof, while the non-used filter is being cleaned. The filtered BHP solution is then reacted with H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and KO.sub.2 or KOH in a cooled reactor and again filtered and fed to a cooled storage tank as replenished BHP solution. The replenished BHP solution can then be fed to a singlet oxygen generator (SOG) for reaction with Cl.sub.2 to emit singlet delta oxygen (to fuel a COIL laser system) and depleted BHP solution, which is then recycled for filtration and regeneration as before. Thus the process of the invention provides for continuous regeneration of BHP solution for extended use in a COIL. That is, extended COIL run times are required by a COIL for welding and/or cutting operations. At the same time the process of the invention minimizes the amount of BHP required to run the COIL since the BHP is regenerated and recycled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for safely producing hydrogen peroxide by injecting dispersed minute bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen into a rapidly flowing liquid medium. The minute bubbles are surrounded by the liquid medium of sufficient volume for preventing an explosive reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen. The liquid medium is formed of an acidic aqueous solution and a Group VIII metal catalyst. Hydrogen is sparged into the flowing medium for dissolution of the hydrogen in the medium. Oxygen bubbles are reacted with the dissolved hydrogen for producing hydrogen peroxide. Preferably, the liquid medium has a velocity of at least 10 feet per second for providing a bubbly flow regime in the reactor. The invention allows the direct combination of oxygen and hydrogen while preventing propagation of an explosive condition within the reactor. The method and apparatus provide for the safe production of hydrogen peroxide with low manufacturing costs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for purifying a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution, which comprises bringing a high concentration hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution containing a large amount of phosphoric acid obtained by extracting with water a reaction mixture prepared by a method of forming hydrogen peroxide by an oxidation-reduction process of anthraquinones, into contact with specific active alumina particles at a temperature of 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. for 6 to 500 minutes to remove a phosphoric acid component from the above high concentration hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution at a high rate substantially without causing decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A process for purification of hydrogen peroxide is provided which comprises contacting an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with a chelate resin. According to the process, it is possible to remove impurities in the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in high efficiency, and particularly, it is possible to remove iron, aluminum, etc., which are difficult to remove singly by ion exchange resins, up to extremely low concentrations. Highly pure hydrogen peroxide solutions obtained by this invention can suitably used for washing of silicon wafers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purification hydrogen peroxide by extraction, whereina) an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide containing impurities is brought into contact with a solvent which contains at least one substance dissolving impurities, for transferring the impurities from the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide to the solvent, andb) the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, from which impurities have been removed, is separated from the solvent and recovered. Said substance which dissolves impurities is in a supercritical state.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the molecular oxygen oxidation of a secondary alcohol such as isopropanol to hydrogen peroxide is provided.

Abstract: An efficient method is proposed for the preparation of a highly purified aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, which can be used even in a semiconductor process, from a crude aqueous solution containing metallic and inorganic impurities. The method comprises the steps of: (a) acidifying the crude solution by the addition of a specific amount of an acid such as sulfuric and nitric acids; and (b) passing the acidified crude solution through a column filled with a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin in the hydrogen-form or a mixture of the same with a strongly basic anion-exchange resin in the hydroxy-, carbonate- or hydrogencarbonate-form in a specified volume proportion so that the impurities are removed by ion-exchange. The efficiency of this purification treatment can be further enhanced by keeping the acidified crude solution for a certain length of time of, for example, at least 6 hours prior to the ion-exchange treatment in step (b).

Abstract: This invention is a composite membrane for chemical synthesis, a method of using the composite membrane, and a chemical reactor into which the composite membrane might be incorporated. The composite membrane comprises a multiphase conducting path having both a cation conductive phase and an electron conductive phase. Surfaces of the composite membrane can be supplied with appropriate catalyst layers in order to increase favorability of a given reaction. By placing appropriate composition(s) in contact with each surface of the composite membrane, cations and electrons are conducted from one surface through the composite membrane to the other surface in order to form reaction products without the use of an external electrical circuit. A chemical reactor utilizing this composite membrane may safely react such elements as H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 to form H.sub.2 O.sub.2 at room temperature without input of external electricity or use of complex electrical equipment or organic solvents.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the production of hydrogen peroxide by reacting a gas mixture which contains hydrogen and oxygen in an aqueous reaction medium containing less than 2% by volume liquid organic components and in the presence of a metallic catalyst which is characterized in that a palladium/gold alloy with 5 to 95 atom percent gold or a palladium/iridium or palladium/rhodium bimetal with 1 to 15 atom percent iridium or rhodium is used as the catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide by direct synthesis from hydrogen and oxygen in a three-phase system, according to which hydrogen and oxygen are reacted directly in the gaseous state at the surface of a solid heterogeneous catalyst, the reaction being performed continuously in a reactor with a stationary trickle bed, filled with solid catalyst particles forming the stationary bed through which a liquid consisting of an aqueous solution and the gas phase containing the hydrogen and oxygen are made to trickle concurrently.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen peroxide, comprising the step of producing hydrogen peroxide catalytically from hydrogen and oxygen in a reaction medium, wherein a platinum-group metal catalyst is used which comprises a platinum-group metal and, supported thereon, a niobium oxide, a mixed oxide of niobium, a tantalum oxide, a mixed oxide of tantalum, a molybdenum oxide or a tungsten oxide.

Abstract: A method for the production of hydrogen peroxide from a source of hydrogen and a source of oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising the formula:(Y.sup.1 O.sub.3 --Z--Y.sup.2 O.sub.3)(Y.sup.3 O.sub.3 R.sup.3)MeY.sup.1, Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3 being phosphorus or arsenic; Z being a divalent group containing two conjugated cationic centers; R.sup.3 being a capping group and Me being a trivalent or tetravalent metal.

Abstract: Proposed is an improvement in a method for the preparation of an enriched and purified aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution from a crude aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution comprising the steps of evaporating the crude aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in an evaporator into vapor with accompanying liquid in the form of a mist, separating the vapor from the mist of liquid in a gas-liquid separator and subjecting the vapor to fractionating distillation in a fractionating distillation column in order to greatly upgrade the product solution relative to the impurity content.

Abstract: Method for the direct synthesis of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxyde from hydrogen and oxygen by hydrogenous catalysis in a three-phase system in which the hydrogen and oxygen are reacted directly in a gas state, at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, on the surface of a solid hydrogenous catalyst in suspension in a granular state in an aqueous liquid phase, said catalyst consisting of a metal compound selected from pure palladium or an association of palladium with at least one other noble metal, and impregnated on a substrate comprising at least one compound selected from alkaline-earth metal sulfates or phosphates. A catalyst is disclosed for the production of an aqueous liquid phase of hydrogen peroxyde consisting of a metal compound selected from pure palladium or an association of palladium with at least one another noble metal, and impregnated on a substrate comprising at least one compound selected from alkaline-earth metal sulfates or phosphates.

Abstract: Organophosphonic polymers of general formula (I) where Y is a methyl or ethyl group or hydrogen and Z is hydrogen, the ammonium group, an alcaline metal or an alcaline earth metal. A method for producing these polymers comprises three stages: production of a monomer by reacting a ketene with diethylphosphite in the presence of an acid catalyst; polymerization of the monomer in solution in a solvent by means of a free radical initiator; hydrolysis of the polymer obtained by means of a concentrated solution of inorganic or inorganic based acid. Aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxyde stabilized by means of said polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrogenation catalyst for use in the preparation of hydrogen peroxide and to a method for the preparation of the catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst contains in the main platinum group metal, of which more than 50 wt % is palladium. According to the invention, at least one additional metal is added to the platinum group metal.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing hydrogen peroxide through catalytic reaction of oxygen with hydrogen in an aqueous medium in the presence of a platinum group metal catalyst, in which an organic solvent having only limited solubility with water and less hydrogen peroxide-dissolving ability compared to that of water is caused to be concurrently present in the reactor, and oxygen and hydrogen are catalytically reacted in an aqueous medium in the presence of a water- and organic solvent-insoluble, hydrophilic platinum group metal catalyst, under a low reaction pressure, to form high concentration aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution within a short time.

Abstract: A method for brightening kaolin contaminated with organic matter by decarboxylation treatment of an aqueous kaolin slurry. The decarboxylation is carried out by contacting the clay slurry with selected oxidizing agent in a pressurized reaction vessel at a temperature of 175.degree.-500.degree. C. without dehydroxylation (calcination) of the kaolin. Oxidizing agents include oxygen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite.

Abstract: Purification of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions using conventional ion-exchange techniques can result in the hydrogen peroxide decomposing explosively. Much safer processes are obtained by restricting the contact between the resin bed and the hydrogen peroxide solution to a very short contact time, by employing a treatment chamber that is vented to the atmosphere and also by slurrying the resin bed. The bed is conveniently retained on a mesh that acts as a filter (13) preferably conical having an aperture (17) at its apex through which is introduced a small fraction of the solution countercurrent (10) to the main solution flow (9) in order to slurry the bed (19). The solution can be recycled through the same bed or a plurality of beds. Very high purification can be achieved and combined with improved safety of operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing hydrogen peroxide by reacting oxygen and hydrogen in a reaction medium catalytically using, as a catalyst, a tin-modified platinum group metal supported on a carrier. In the process using said catalyst, the presence of halogen and acid in reaction medium is unnecessary unlike the prior art methods, and hydrogen peroxide of high concentration can be produced efficiently. Thus, the present process has no restriction for reactor material as seen the prior art methods and further allows for easy purification of produced hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Potassium superoxide can be used to generate and regenerate Basic Hydrogen Peroxide, the primary fuel for Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Lasers. The solid reacts with depleted BHP/H.sub.2 O.sub.2 solution consuming one equivalent of hydrogen peroxide and producing two equivalents of hydroperoxide, reversing the chlorine/BHP reaction that evolves singlet delta oxygen, the energetic species in the COIL system. This same regeneration reaction can be used to generate new BHP solutions by reaction of potassium superoxide with dilute hydrogen peroxide or a protic mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid. These reactions of potassium superoxide provide new and useful methods of generating and regenerating BHP, that significantly decrease COIL system weights and environmental impact.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and apparatus for mixing oxidizable reactants with oxidant and/or oxidizing oxidizable reactants. Through using particular mixing and/or oxidizing arrangements, the risk of flammable or explosive reactions can be significantly reduced or prevented. When ammonia is used as the reactant, nitric acid can be obtained.

Abstract: Aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions contain variable amounts of carbon compounds following their production by the so-called anthraquinone process. Various methods are known for separating out carbon compounds, including those using organic ion exchangers or macro-porous organic adsorber resins. Described is a process using a solid adsorption agent, which can be regenerated without causing any problems, whereby the carbon content is reduced. The solid adsorption agent is a zeolite from the set of dealuminised H-Y-zeolites with a (SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) ratio equal to or greater than 20 or H-mordenites with a (SiO.sub.2 /A1.sub.2 O.sub.3) ratio of at least 20.

Abstract: The invention relates to hydrogen peroxide manufacture, and catalyst therefor, by direct oxidation of hydrogen with oxygen in an acidic aqueous medium. The catalyst includes a Group VIII metal on a partially hydrophobic, partially hydrophilic support, such as Pd on fluorinated carbon. Improvements in H.sub.2 O.sub.2 selectivity and catalyst stability are achieved by adding a source of sodium and chloride ions to the reaction medium and, in the case of a fluorinated carbon support, adding a source of fluoride ions.

Abstract: A method for producing a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide by reacting oxygen and hydrogen directly in a neutral reaction medium that contains a promoter comprising a halogen containing compound, which halogen containing compound contains at least one halogen other than fluorine, at a reaction temperature in the range of from 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. and at a reaction pressure in the range of from 3 to 150 kg/cm.sup.2 .multidot.G in the presence of a platinum group metal catalyst supported on a catalyst carrier containing a heteropolyacid that has been made insoluble in water or a platinum group metal catalyst supported on a catalyst carrier comprising activated carbon that is supporting a heteropolyacid.

Abstract: In cleaning a semiconductor substrate with a basic aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, it is an object to prevent metal impurities adhering to the substrate surface. A cleaning solution of a semiconductor substrate which comprises a basic aqueous solution of a hydrogen peroxide containing a chelating agent having at least two phosphonic acid groups. Preferred chelating agent is 1,2-propylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) in amount of 1 ppb to 1000 ppm, together with 0.1 to 20% by weight of hydrogen peroxide and, optionally, 0.1 to 10% by weight of ammonia. Even if the cleaning solution is contaminated with metal impurities, characteristics of semiconductor elements prepared from a substrate are stabilized since no metal impurities adhere on the substrate surface.

Abstract: Oxygen and hydrogen are catalytically reacted in an acidic reaction medium in the presence of a platinum group metal catalyst to prepare hydrogen peroxide using as a carrier for the platinum group metal catalyst a composite oxide containing cerium. The process need not halogen ions in the acidic reaction medium and enables preparation of hydrogen peroxide in high concentration on an industrial scale advantageously.

Abstract: An internal passive catalytic device operating in the water phase of a boiling water reactor vessel downstream of the steam/water separator location. The device consists of catalytic material arranged and situated such that all (except perhaps a small leakage flow) water phase exiting the water/steam separator device flows over the surface of the catalytic material. The catalytic surfaces decompose dissolved hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. When the substrate of the catalytic material is plated or alloyed with a water recombination catalyst such as a noble metal, the catalytic surfaces also catalyze the recombination of dissolved hydrogen and oxygen molecules into water. The passive catalytic device is constructed to ensure that the pressure drop of the reactor water across the device is very small.

Abstract: A passive decomposer operating in the water/steam mixture exiting the core of a boiling water reactor. The decomposer comprises a catalytic material arranged and situated such that substantially all of the water/steam mixture entering the water/steam separator device flows over the surface of the catalytic material. The catalytic decomposing surfaces decompose hydrogen peroxide molecules dissolved in the liquid phase to form water and oxygen molecules. The passive catalytic decomposer is constructed to ensure that the pressure drop of the reactor water across the device is very small. The decomposer can include a plurality of stainless steel flow-through housings packed with stainless steel catalytic decomposer material, which could take the form of tangled wire or strips, crimped ribbon, porous sintered metal composite or any other structure having a high surface area-to-volume ratio.

Abstract: A process is provided whereby hydrogen peroxide containing various organic impurities is purified by contact with an organic nonionic hydrophobic polymeric adsorbent, preferably derived from polymerized styrene.

Abstract: A process is provided for removing iron from hydrogen peroxide by contacting the hydrogen peroxide with .alpha.-zirconium phosphate for up to 5 minutes at less than 35.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel methods of decreasing the concentration of hydroxyl ions in an electrochemically generated alkaline peroxide aqueous solution consisting of partial neutralization of a stabilized solution of alkaline hydrogen peroxide, electrodialysis, and dialysis of an aqueous solution of alkaline hydrogen peroxide. The methods of the invention can be performed at ambient temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A method for producing a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide by reacting oxygen and hydrogen directly in a reaction medium containing a promoter such as a halogen containing compound using a platinum group metal catalyst supported on a solid acid carrier or a solid super acid carrier.