Abstract: Paint stripping compositions and a method of removing paint and the like from a substrate is disclosed. More particularly, a stripping composition comprised of a polymeric resin, a water insoluble organic plasticizer, and a water miscible organic solvent, is provided for use in penetrating, softening, loosening and lifting the paint from a painted substrate while laminating with the paint. The lamination process is expedited by inclusion of steam heat and removal of the resultant laminate is accomplished by peeling, or more preferred, by blasting with pressurized steam or water.

Abstract: A process for restoring imaging members, which comprises (1) providing, subsequent to its utilization and removal from an electrophotographic imaging device, an amorphous silicon photoconductive imaging member with a protective overcoating; (2) contacting this member with a fluorine containing composition for an effective time period enabling the removal of the protective layer; (3) washing and drying the surface of the resulting imaging member; and (4) subsequently depositing a protective layer thereover.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming metal surface thin film having high corrosion resistance and high adhesion by carrying out sequentially the following steps a) through c): a) an etching step carried out by applying a negative D.C. voltage to a metal substrate inside an apparatus having an inert gas atmosphere; b) an oxide film formation step for forming an oxide film by generating an oxygen plasma inside an apparatus having an oxygen gas atmosphere and applying a positive voltage to the surface of the metal substrate; and c) a durable film formation step for forming a durable film by vapor phase deposition of a corrosion-resistant material onto the surface of the metal substrate inside the apparatus having inert gas atmosphere. In the formation method of the present invention, since the oxide film is formed between metal substrate and the durable film, the metal surface thin film exhibits a very high corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A film forming method comprises the steps of placing a plurality of objects to be processed and supplying an etching gas in a reaction container, removing a natural oxidization originated film on an object to be processed placed in the reaction container under a heating condition by plasma etching, exhausting the etching gas after stopping supply of the etching gas so as to stop making of the plasma, and supplying a film forming gas in the reaction container without rendering the reaction container open to air so as to form a film on the objects.

Abstract: In a process of dressing a refractory structure, a comburent gas stream carrying a mixture of particles is projected against the site to be dressed. The particle mixture comprises particles of one or more elements which is or are oxidizable to form one or more refractory oxides ("fuel particles") together with refractory oxide particles and the fuel particles are caused or allowed to burn during projection. The mixture further incorporates a fluxing agent, the fluxing action of which is such that under the heat released by combustion of the fuel particles, the refractory structure becomes softened to an extent such that the structure becomes dressed by removal or displacement of material thereof under the mechanical action of the impinging stream.Suitable fuels include very fine particles of aluminum and/or silicon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for coating reinforcing elements preferably in fiber form, wherein said material is treated, between two electrodes, by the field obtained by means of a direct electric current of voltage included between 50 and 150,000 V and/or by means of an alternating electric current of frequency between 50 and 1,000 Hz and of voltage included between 10,000 and 30,000 V, and said element is placed in contact with a powder of a conductive or semi-conductive material.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improvement in the surface treatment of copper surfaces. It produces a strong and stable bond, resistant to chemical attack and to thermal and mechanical stresses between said copper foil surfaces and adjacent surfaces of resinous layers. It is especially useful in multilayer printed circuit fabrication and in the treatment of copper circuit lines and areas which are disconnected from each other, that is, which do not have electrically conductive continuity. In a method according to the invention, an oxidized cooper surface is reduced in the presence of a polymer addition agent, and the partially reduced surface is then exposed to a nonoxidizing reagent. The result is a reticulated metallic copper microstructure capable of forming a strong adhesive bond with a resinous substrate, and having a high resistance to thermal, mechanical, and chemical (e.g. acid) stress.

Abstract: The invention discloses a dual ion beam ballistic alloying process for forming a film such as diamond onto a substrate, which comprises the steps of: (a) cleaning the surface of the substrate with a first energy beam of inert atoms; (b) depositing a layer of a desired non-hydrocarbon substance on the substrate with a low energy, sputtered atomic beam; (c) simultaneously exposing the substrate to said first energy beam of inert atoms with a high energy to grow a ballistically alloyed layer having a thickness of about 10-2000 .ANG.; and (d) reducing the energy level of the first, high energy beam to cause the growth of the layer of said substance on said substrate to a final desired thickness.

Abstract: Titanium magnetic disk substrates are manufactured by preparing a base by stripping not less than 5 .mu.m from the surface layer of a titanium cold-rolled plate, and then forming a film of not less than 5 .mu.m consisting of 1 or more non-magnetic transition metal elements belonging to Groups IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA and VIIIA of the Periodic Table, on the surface of this base.

Abstract: The process for making a thin Molybdenum sulfide film on a substrate in which the physical properties vary in a wide range and can be adjusted to the desired values comprises depositing on the substrate from a reaction gas mixture in the gas phase. This can be accomplished by decomposing a volatile molybdenum compound together with a volatile sulfur compound as a reactive gas in a glow discharge to form the reaction gas mixture in the presence of the substrate. The molybdenum compound can be molybdenum hexacarbonyl. The sulfur compound can be hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A process for covering a substrate with a textured simulated marble surface and the resulting product. Cement and sand are mixed to form a first mixture to which is added an aqueous solution of an adhesive resin such as an acrylic resin to create a mortar. The mortar is spread on the substrate and one or more color pigments are added to the surface at randomly-spaced locations prior to the complete curing of the mortar. Air is blown onto the surface of the mortar and serves to blend the color pigments into the mortar and into each other. As the air stream moves across the surface of the mortar, color patterns are formed.

Abstract: A process for covering a substrate with a textured simulated marble surface and the resulting product. In the process, cement and sand are mixed to form a first mixture to which is added an aqueous solution of an adhesive resin such as an acrylic resin to create a first mortar. The cement and sand are mixed to form a second mixture to which is added an aqueous solution of an adhesive resiin such as an acrylic resin to create a second mortar. A contrasting pigment is added to one of the first and second mortars or to each of the mortars. The first mortar is applied over the entire substrate. The second mortar is applied onto randomly spaced portions over the previously applied first mortar prior to the complete curing of the first mortar to form a unitary textured covering. The textured unitary coating includes a lower layer and an upper layer with the upper layer comprising the second mortar and the lower layer comprising the first and second mortar.

Abstract: The adhesion of organic chemicals to metal surfaces is enhanced by treating the metal surface with a composition comprising an etching component, a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant, and a solubilizing secondary surfactant.

Abstract: A scroll type fluid displacement apparatus is disclosed in which the scrolls are made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to reduce the weight of the apparatus. The scrolls are finished by end milling and then electrolytically or chemically polished to reduce the roughness of the mating surfaces. Thereafter, at least one scroll is treated with alumite to reduce wearing due to contact between the scrolls. As a result, sealing of the fluid pockets between the scrolls during extended use of the apparatus can be maintained.

Abstract: To achieve a high adhesive strength of a metallization on an enamel, the surface of the enamel is first roughened and simultaneously treated by ultrasound to remove loose particles. Then the layer is conditioned by a wetting agent, activated and the metal layer is deposited chemically. Particularly good results are obtained when the conditioning and activation of the surface are performed at a temperature slightly elevated above room temperature, about 40.degree. C., for about 5 minutes and the roughening is performed chemically by treating with a 2% solution of ammonium hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A method of adhering a metal to a surface of a substrate of silica, quartz, glass or sapphire is set forth. The surface to be metallized is first roughened by mechanical abrasion to obtain a roughness lying between 0.2 .mu.m and 0.7 .mu.m and is then subjected to a chemical treatment of etching by immersion in an aqueous solution of HF. According to the invention, the method further comprises the following steps of ion etching of the surface down to a depth less than 30 nm and then applying to the surface a first metallic adherence layer by cathode sputtering.

Abstract: The invention is a method of forming a substantially planar surface on a monocrystalline silicon carbide crystal by exposing the substantially planar surface to an etching plasma until any surface or subsurface damage caused by any mechanical preparation of the surface is substantially removed. The etch is limited, however, to a time period less than that over which the plasma etch will develop new defects in the surface or aggravate existing ones, and while using a plasma gas and electrode system that do not themselves aggravate or cause substantial defects in the surface.

Abstract: The part is subjected to action of an acid aqueous bath in order to cause the surface of the part to be porous over a thickness which is a fraction of the thickness of the zinc which it includes, and the part is caused to adsorb at least one sealing material.

Abstract: A method for application of an adherent nickel plate to titanium includes steps of surface preparation, deposition of nickel from a plating solution, and a final treatment. The surface preparation steps include a hydrochloric acid dip, a nitric acid/hydrofluoric acid activation, treatment to slow the re-formation of an oxide layer, and deposition of a nickel strike. The treatment to reduce oxide formation may be accomplished without application of a current, in a solution of acetic and hydrofluoric acid, in which titanium alloy has been electrolytically dissolved. Alternatively, the treatment may be performed with the piece to be plated made anodic in a solution of acetic acid and hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: A silicon carbide sintered member is coated at its surface with zirconia, whereby the heat insulating properties are considerably improved.

Abstract: An improved process for metallizing a ceramic substrate for the purpose of producing a metal layer having uniformly good adhesion as measured by peel strength. The improvement is a pretreatment process in which the firing skin, i.e., the glass-like surface of the ceramic substrate is removed and the exposed surface of the ceramic substrate is positively roughened. The pretreatment includes a chemical etching step during which the ceramic substrate contacts a melt bath containing molten alkali hydroxide and an additive, which additive preferably is water. From 0.01 to 80 weight %, preferably from 1 to 5 weight %, of water is included in the melt bath. Rather than reducing the etching rate because of dilution, the rate increased unexpectedly. Moreover, the metallization resulted in a metal layer having very good adhesion, which adhesion can be further improved by chemically etching the ceramic substrate under a protective gas atmosphere, preferably a wet protective gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of forming a multilayer metallization pattern using siloxane polyimide dielectric layers comprises forming the first siloxane polyimide layer, laser etching holes in the first layer, plasma etching the first layer to be sure the holes are clean, then cleaning the surface of the first layer in an etchant for silicon oxide, after which the metallization layer is formed and patterned and a second siloxane polyimide layer is formed thereover with good adhesion.

Abstract: There is provided a method of producing a ceramic substrate for printed circuits wherein at least the surface of the side to be circuit-printed is subjected to a roughening treatment with one of the following compounds:(1) substances containing sulfur trioxide and(2) substances which, upon decomposition, generate sulfur trioxide.

Abstract: A titanium composite material is disclosed which comprises a titanium or titanium alloy substrate, a base layer formed thereon of a calcium phosphate compound resulting from calcination of a hydrochloric or nitric acid aqueous solution of the calcium phosphate compound, and a covering layer thereon of a calcium phosphate compound formed by sintering a suspension of the calcium phosphate compound applied to the base layer. The composite material is useful as a biological implant. It is produced by activating the surface of the substrate, forming the base layer by calcining the solution coated on the substrate and then forming the covering layer by sintering the suspension coated on the base layer. The covering layer may be hydrothermally treated to increase its crystallinity.

Abstract: A silicon nitride sintered member comprises a silicon nitride sintered body and a zirconia layer coated onto the surface of the silicon nitride sintered body. The zirconia layer is preferably coated onto the surface of the silicon nitride sintered body through plasma spraying. The zirconia-coated silicon nitride sintered member has both high strength at high temperatures and excellent heat insulating property.

Abstract: A nitride ceramic member is maintained at a vacuum of 1.times.10.sup.-4 Torr or less at a temperature of 1,000.degree. C. or more, and a metal vapor is brought into contact with the surface of the nitride ceramic member. A nitride is reacted with the metal in the surface portion of the ceramic member, and a metallized layer is formed on the surface of the member. If AlN is used as a nitride ceramic material, the AlN member is maintained at the vacuum at the high temperature and a Ti vapor is brought into contact wit the surface of the AlN member to form a TiN coating layer on the surface of the AlN member. A BN or graphite mask is formed on the surface of the nitride ceramic member and the above method is practiced to selectively form a metallized layer on the non-masked member surface. By selectively forming a metallized layer by using AlN, a highly thermal-conductivity substrate having a conductive layer formed on the AlN base can be prepared.

Abstract: A sheath for a nuclear reactor control rod consists of chromium nickel stainless steel. It is protected against friction wear by nitridation over a depth of from 15 to 50 .mu.m obtained by an electric discharge in a nitrogen containing atmosphere.

Abstract: Crystallized glass roughened by using a roughening solution having a larger dissolving rate as to a non-crystalline phase compared with a crystalline phase, followed by metallizing by electroless plating shows strong adhesive strength between the crystallized glass substrate and the plated film.

Abstract: A calcium phosphate-coated composite material is disclosed, comprising a metallic substrate, an oxide layer on the metallic substrate, said oxide layer consisting essentially of the oxide of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, tin, cobalt, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, and a coating layer of calcium phosphate provided on the oxide layer. A process for production of the calcium phosphate-coated composite material is also disclosed.

Abstract: A metallic film can be formed on a ceramic surface with high adhesive strength by roughening the ceramic surface by (a) dissolving and removing a vitreous substance and (b) roughening a substance constituting mainly a first surface layer, followed by conventional electroless plating.

Abstract: A method for forming deposited film by introducing into a reaction space a gaseous starting material for formation of a deposited film and a gaseous halogenic oxidizing agent having the property of oxidation action for said starting material to effect chemical contact therebetween to thereby form a plural number of precursors including precursors under excited state, and forming said deposited film on a substrate previously position in a film forming space spatially communicated with said reaction space with the use of at least one precursor of these precursors as the feeding source for the constituent element of said deposited film, said method comprising the step of increasing the proportion of the amount of said gaseous starting material introduced relative to the amount of said gaseous halogenic oxidizing agent introduced in said reaction space.

Abstract: Process for chemically metallizing an inorganic substrate, which is a poor conductor of electricity, e.g. a ceramic material or glass. The surface of the substrate is chemically activated so that chemical bonds are more readily formed with a subsequently applied, inorganic adhesion promoter. The adhesion promoter in turn facilitates chemical bonding with a subseqently applied metal layer, e.g. a copper layer, which is applied by a wet chemical method. The activation step and the step of applying an adhesion promoter, in combination with at least one thermal treatment, results in an adhesive strength between the metal layer and the substrate surface which equals or exceeds the adhesion strength of the surface of the substrate material.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a machine and method for automatically removing a curing film or membrane from a concrete floor surface and etching that surface in preparation for applying a surface coating and doing this in less time than has heretofore been required for such floor preparation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of a surface of a uranium and titanium alloy, and more specifically to etching the surface of said alloy for purposes of preparing said surface for nickel plating. More specifically, the process comprises chemically etching the surface of the uranium and titanium alloy with a solution comprising lithium chloride and hydrochloric acid. The process of this invention further provides for recovering the uranium dissolved in the etching solution and recycling said solution. The uranium is recovered from the etching solution by means of an ion exchange resin with the etching solution being recycled to the etching process.

Abstract: A method for restoring and preserving bronze gravestones is disclosed and calls first for cleaning the surface to remove any scale or corrosion present by applying a dilute acid solution to the bronze surface. Then, any raised features are roughly polished after which the entire surface is coated with marker stain which will ultimately provide a contrasting background to the raised features. After the marker stain has dried, it is selectively removed from the raised features which are then further polished with fine steel wool. A clear lacquer finish is applied over the surface and allowed to thoroughly dry, preferably overnight. The restoration process is completed by applying a unique liquid preservative mixture to the metal surface. One preferred embodiment of the preservative contains, by weight: paraffin--19%, mineral spirits--70%, lemon oil--3% and silicone--8% although other proportions are discussed and contemplated.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the adhesive metallization of ceramic materials by roughening of the materials and subsequent chemical and, if necessary, galvanic metal deposition, in which the materials are treated with an alkali hydroxide solution having a temperature from 50.degree. to 180.degree. C. for the roughening, and are subsequently heated to a temperature between about 300.degree. and 600.degree. C. The metal coatings provided on the ceramic materials display adhesive strengths from 3 to 5 kg/inch. Such materials find use in the fields of electrical engineering and electronics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of porous, permeable, mineral membranes.According to this process, on a porous, permeable substrate is formed a thin layer of at least one mineral compound chosen from among the simple or mixed metal oxides, except aluminum oxide and mixed aluminium oxides, simple or mixed metal hydroxides, except aluminium hydroxide and mixed aluminium hydroxides and mixtures thereof on the basis of a suspension in a liquid of colloidal or non-colloidal particles, said compound or a precursor thereof having particle sizes below 10 .mu.m. The suspension is kept in the finely divided state by the continuous application of energy to the reaction medium. The thus obtained membrane is dried and then annealed at a temperature between 400.degree. and 1100.degree. C.The use of a suspension of ultrafine colloidal or non-colloidal particles makes it possible to obviate the compression stage and obtain microporous layers with very small pore radii.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides a nonlinear optical medium which consists of a transparent solid substrate coated with a Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of at least one molecular monolayer of uniaxial aligned charge asymmetric quinodimethane molecules, such as 7,7-bis(hexadecylamino)-8,8-dicyanoquinodimethane: ##STR1##

Abstract: In an isotope separation system in which hot, isotopically separated vapor is deposited on enriched product and depleted tails plates, deposit adherence is improved and plate cooling simplified. The tails plate is liquid-cooled to a lower temperature which permits the product plate to be radiatively cooled by it simplifying product plate cooling and lowering its temperature to reduce the tendency for the product plate deposit to separate during temperature cycling. In one embodiment plate surfaces are cleaned of impurities in a vacuum by allowing the temperature of the tails plates to reach the relatively low operating temperature prior to proceeding with the deposition. In another embodiment plate surfaces are provided with rough surfaces to promote air penetration during deposit stripping, which permits the formation of a brittle, more easily severed bond between plate and deposit.

Abstract: A process for covering a substrate with a textured simulated marble surface by mixing cement and sand to form a first mixture to which is added an aqueous solution of acrylic resin to create a first mortar. The cement and sand are mixed to form a second mixture to which is added an aqueous solution of acrylic resin to create a second mortar. A contrasting pigment is added to one of the first and second mortars. The first mortar is applied over the entire substrate. The second mortar is applied onto randomly spaced portions over the previously applied first mortar prior to the complete curing of the first mortar to form a unitary textured covering. The textured unitary coating includes a lower layer and an upper layer with the upper layer comprising the second mortar and the lower layer comprising the first and second mortar.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating ceramic objects in alkali hydroxide melts for the purpose of cleaning and roughening them for a subsequent metallization. The apparatus permits various types of ceramics to be subjected to an etching treatment which can be predetermined and is easily reproducible with respect to the treatment temperature and time and the constant composition of the alkali hydroxide melt.

Abstract: For the reactive deposition of tubular bodies of electrically conductive material from a flowing gas phase on a tubular substrate, a glow discharge 11 is produced between an inner electrode 6 and an outer electrode 2, one of which is constructed so as to be tubular and serves as a substrate. It is ensured that the electrodes 2, 6 are not short-circuited by growing conductive surface layers so that the glow discharge 11 extinguishes. Furthermore, the electrically conductive coating on the electrode 6 which does not function as the substrate electrode is interrupted in an insulating manner to locally limit the glow discharge 11. For example, by a gas barrier the deposit of an electrically conducting material on the insulation can be avoided. The glow discharge 11 is reciprocated during the deposition process.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for coloring polymer-insulated wire, the wire is guided through a solvent reservoir to dissolve surface contaminants and etch the surface of the insulation, and passed between opposed wiping surfaces to wipe surface contaminants from the wire. The wire is then passed through a hot air duct to evaporate solvent remaining on its surface. The dried wire is guided through a solvent-based colorant reservoir to coat it with colorant and passed against a wiping surface to wipe excess colorant from its surface. The coated wire is passed through a hot air duct to evaporate some of the solvent in the colorant, and through a cold air duct to harden an outer surface of the colorant before it passes over a guide wheel. The hardened surface prevents adherence of the colorant to the guide wheel. The coated wire is passed by a spraying device which intermittently sprays solvent-based colorant on the wire to band encode it.

Abstract: A multilayer laminate having at least one layer of a no longer formable fully aromatic polyimide and at least one layer of substrate material, the layer of no longer formable polyimide adhering directly on one side to the layer of substrate material with a peel strength of at least 4.0 N.cm. The layer of no longer also formable polyimide is also insoluble in phenolic solvents, has a tensile strength of from 100 to 150 N.mm.sup.2, a breaking elongation of from 15 to 100%, a dielectric dissipation factor of from 1.5.times.10.sup.-3 at 1 Khz. Additionally, a layer of heat-sealable high-temperature adhesive selected from the class of polyacrylates, polysulfone resins, epoxy resins, fluoropolymer resins, silicone resins or butyl rubbers is joined to that side of the polyimide layer which is remote from the substrate material.

Abstract: Metallic implants with a coating of hydroxyl apatite are described. Hot isostatic pressing permits pore-free compaction of the hydroxyl apatite layer and results in firm bonding of the layer on the metallic core. The surface of the layer is partially dehydrated by means of ion bombardment, and a bioactive layer for osteogenesis is produced.

Abstract: A process for preparing a ceramic substrate for metallization wherein a surface of the ceramic substrate is contacted with a composition containing one or more alkali metal compounds, preferably in the form of solid pellets. The pellets are melted on the ceramic surface. As the pellets melt, advancing waves of the molten composition spread across and wet the ceramic surface. The molten alkali metal composition is kept in contact with the ceramic surface for a time period sufficient to etch the surface and thus prepare it for adherent deposition of metal. The moving waves of melting composition supply fresh alkali metal compounds at the ceramic surface. After adhesion promotion, the ceramic surface is treated with compounds that promote adsorption of catalyst for metal deposition before being plated with metal. Uniform surface coverage with catalyst and metal and an improved adherent bond of metal to the ceramic surface are obtained.

Abstract: The fabrication of a layer of a III-V semiconductor material by vapor phase epitaxy is improved by precoating the walls of the deposition chamber in a suitable apparatus with the desired material. The coating of the deposition chamber is continued until the material being deposited is depth-uniform and of the same composition as the desired layer. Material then deposited on the substrate is free of depth compositional gradient. In a further improvement, the walls of the deposition chamber of the apparatus are roughened, thus providing nucleation sites for the growing coating and substantially reducing the time required to precoat the walls of the deposition chamber.

Abstract: A composite body consisting of a glass or glass-ceramic substrate with a non-stick, heat resistant resin composition bonded to a surface thereof. Suitable substrates are those which contain one or more differentially etchable components. Particularly useful are glass compositions which undergo phase separation upon heat treatment. For example, some borosilicate glasses separate into a silica-rich phase and a borate-rich phase when heated to about 600.degree. C. and maintained at that temperature for about one hour. The substrate is etched to remove at least a portion of one component to provide a bonding surface containing extremely small pores of relatively uniform diameter for a non-stick heat resistant resin composition. The resin composition is uniformly applied to the etched substrate in liquid form and subsequently hardened, suitably by fusion, to form a solid, substantially continuous film over the etched surface.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of the surface of a uranium or uranium alloy part. It comprises a stage of chemically etching the surface of the uranium or uranium alloy part by means of a solution of nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid. The etching solution may also contain hydrofluoric acid.The nickel-coated uranium or uranium alloy parts can be used as shielding or ballasting members in a marine atmosphere.

Abstract: An alumina formed body comprising many long alumina elements oriented in random directions and interconnected so as to constitute a porous matrix comprising a large number of fine pores. Such a body is manufactured by reacting a glass-formed body comprising silica with aluminum at high temperature to form an alumina composite material comprising alumina, aluminum and silicon and removing aluminum and silicon from the aluminum composite material.