Abstract: Comminuted wood is converted to a colored wood product useful as a mulch by feeding the comminuted wood into the lower end of an angularly upward positioned screw conveyor having an internal auger. The comminuted wood is contacted in the lower end of the conveyor by a liquid color-imparting agent, preferably an aqueous solution containing iron oxide pigment, carbon black pigment or a mixture of both pigments. After contacting, rotation of the auger draws the moist colored wood product towards the upper end, permitting runoff of excess liquid agent, which returns by gravity to the basin for further contacting with newly-fed comminuted wood. Colored wood product discharges through a chute at the upper end of the conveyor for further drying, if necessary.

Abstract: The process is particularly well suited to the manufacture of composite materials, where a fibrous reinforcement texture is to be impregnated by a densifying matrix, and comprises the steps of:preparing a slurry containing a solid charge in the form of finely divided particles dispersed in a carrier liquid, which preferably contains an organic compound,placing a substrate inside an enclosure,creating a vacuum inside the enclosure, andcausing the slurry to pass through the substrate by means of a pressure difference.Uniformity of charge integration is ensured by forcing the slurry to pass through the substrate several times, in successively opposite directions. The concentration of solid charge in the slurry can be determined as a function of an intended charge percentage by volume in said substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to an all gas-loadable liquid injector. The gas-loadable liquid injector comprises an accumulator for containing a liquid and a propellant gas, a liquid delivery tube for insertion into a material to be treated by the liquid, and intermediate means between the liquid delivery tube and the accumulator. The intermediate means restricts the flow of liquid when the pressure in the accumulator substantially exceeds that in the delivery tube and allows a restricted flow of liquid when the pressure in the accumulator is substantially equal to or less than that in the delivery tube. The intermediate means has a flexible and collapsible tube extending into the accumulator from the bowels of the accumulator and a straight rigid tube having a free end. The free end of the rigid tube always lies at the lowest level in the accumulator regardless of the altitude of the injector so as to dip into any liquid in the accumulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to wood preservation systems which employ impregnating agents comprising halogenated tannin extracts from plant species which are relatively more resistant to fungi, weathering, rotting, insect attack, etc. Materials contained within the tannin extracts are converted to halogenated substances which are absorbed by the wood species to be treated. The halogenated extract materials can be used with or without other treatment agents (e.g., fixatives or metal salts). Bromine is the preferred halogen material, with optimum treatment occurring when the bromine concentration in the extract exceeds about 2% (most preferably, about 4-5%).

Abstract: A preservative-bearing pad and a method of using same to treat the interface between a railroad cross tie and tie plate. A sandwich of water-soluble active ingredient disposed between two layers of biodegradable hydrophilic backing is simply placed on the adzed portion of a cross tie prior to installation of the tie plate and rail during a rail laying or relaying operation.

Abstract: A method for reducing the combustibility of a compatible combustible material comprising treating the material with a fire retardant composition comprising a silane and/or siloxane. The silane and/or siloxane comprises a silicon moiety, a group having fire retardant properties and a group capable of permitting chemical attachment of the composition to the material. A catalyst may be added to the composition to increase the rate of the chemical attachment of the composition to the material. The material is treated with this composition producing a fire retardant article. The composition also imparts water resistance to the treated material.

Abstract: Comminuted wood is converted to a colored wood product useful as a mulch by feeding the comminuted wood into the lower end of an angularly upward positioned screw conveyor having an internal auger. The comminuted wood is contacted in a basin in the lower end of the conveyor by a liquid color-imparting agent, preferably an aqueous solution containing iron oxide pigment, carbon black pigment or a mixture of both pigments. After contacting, rotation of the auger draws the moist colored wood product towards the upper end, permitting runoff of excess liquid agent, which returns by gravity to the basin for further contacting with newly-fed comminuted wood. The liquid level in the basin is monitored and additional liquid agent is blended from water and pigment concentrate to maintain the level in the basin. Colored wood product discharges through a chute at the upper end of the conveyor for further drying, if necessary.

Abstract: A one step process for imparting both decay resistance and fire retardancy to wood and cellulosic materials by impregnating the products with a treatment solution composed of a water soluble mixture of a tertiary and quaternary ammonium preservative compound and an organic phosphate fire retardant compound.

Abstract: A 3-halo-5-halomethyl-2-oxazolidinone, a method of making the same and a method of using the compound as a microbicide and for controlling the growth of at least one microorganism in an aqueous system or on a surface. A process for making 5-halomethyl-2-oxazolidinone utilizing an alkali cyanate and an epihalohydrin.

Abstract: Process for producing a composite material in which a cellulosic substrate is treated with a solution of a polyfunctional isocyanate in an aprotic swelling solvent and the substrate is then compressed to form the composite material. The substrate may take the form of wood chips, wood particles, wood flakes, wood fibers, wood flour, ground wood, wood veneers and wood laminates, paper, card, straw, refined cellulose such as cotton or viscose and plant fibers such as bamboo or palm fiber.

Abstract: Environmentally preferred water-based coatings can be substituted for solvent-based coatings in commercial wood finishing processes without sacrifice of coating quality. Art-recognized discoloration of water-based coatings due to uneven leaching of chromophoric substances, such as natural tannins, is eliminated by contacting the surface with a water soluble anti-leachate compound selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid salts, mono/polyfunctional amines and amine derivatives and their acid addition salts. The process allows for marked reduction of VOC emissions from commerical wood finishing operations.

Abstract: A method for reducing the combustibility of a compatible combustible material comprising treating the material with a fire retardant composition comprising a silane and/or siloxane. The silane and/or siloxane comprises a silicon moiety, a group having fire retardant properties and a group capable of permitting chemical attachement of the composition to the material. A catalyst may be added to the composition to increase the rate of the chemical attachment of the composition to the material. The material is treated with this composition producing a fire retardant article. The composition also imparts water resistance to the treated material.

Abstract: The invention is a method of perfusing a material, such as wood, with a chemical composition that is insoluble in a given first fluid under supercritical conditions. A cosolvent is mixed with the first solvent to provide adequate solubility at supercritical conditions for the chemical composition. The method is useful for uniformly impregnating otherwise difficulty permeable materials. Impregnation of lumber or structural timbers with a preservative would be a typical use of the method.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for accelerating the fixation of chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA) preservative in wooden articles. The invention particularly pertains to a process of fixing CCA in softwoods such as lodgepole pine, so that it does not leach. A process of fixing chromated-preservatives in freshly treated wood by applying moderate heat to the treated wood while initially maintaining the treated wood in a highly humid or saturated atmosphere, and subsequently maintaining the atmosphere about the freshly treated wood at a controlled equilibrium moisture content level.

Abstract: Oil-borne preservative-impregnated wood is post-treated by:(A) contacting the preservative-impregnated wood in a closed vessel with steam and collecting a water-containing condensate generated in the vessel;(B) applying a vacuum which is sufficient to reflux water condensate to remove at least some surface deposits from the wood and to distill water out of the vessel leaving an oil-preservative solution in the vessel;(C) releasing the vacuum; and(D) recovering the post-treated wood from the vessel.

Abstract: An agent for impregnating solid wood by the pressure process, based on a water-dilutable formulation of a copper salt, excess alkanolamine and, if required, a salt with a fungicidal anion, has a pH of not less than 8 in the concentration usually employed and corresponding to about 1-5% by weight of non-aqueous components in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process for protecting wood by applying to the wood an aqueous solution of a composition comprising sodium borate and sodium carbonate. Adverse effects on the color of the wood are reduced by including in the composition a component selected from a weakly acidic compound able to form a complex with cellulose; the weakly acidic compound and titanium dioxide; an alkyl ammonium chloride; the weakly acidic compound and an alkyl ammonium chloride; and an alkaline earth metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Discoloration of water-based coatings due to uneven leaching of chromophoric substances, such as natural tannins and applied stains, is eliminated by contacting the surface with a water soluble anti-leachate compound selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid salts, mono/polyfunctional amines and amine derivatives and their acid addition salts.

Abstract: An effective, environmentally compatible anti-fungal composition for protecting lumber from infestation by wood-staining and wood-rotting fungi comprises, as an active ingredient, an alkyl sulfosuccinate compound. A preferred alkyl sulfosuccinate is dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. The anti-fungal composition may further comprise water and an adjuvant such as sodium benzoate or a lower alcohol or diol (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol). The composition may also comprise an oil component such as a paraffinic mineral oil, a triglyceride or a terpenoid based oil. The concentration of active ingredient present in the composition ranges between 0.5 and 10.0% by weight.

Abstract: An effective, environmentally compatible anti-fungal composition for protecting lumber from infestation by wood-staining and wood-rotting fungi comprises, as an active ingredient, an alkyl sulfosuccinate compound. A preferred alkyl sulfosuccinate is dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. The anti-fungal composition may further comprise water and an adjuvant such as sodium benzoate or a lower alcohol or diol (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol). The composition may also comprise an oil component such as a paraffinic mineral oil, a triglyceride or a terpenoid based oil. The concentration of active ingredient present in the composition ranges between 0.5 and 10.0% by weight.

Abstract: A process for the accelerated fixing of fixable chromate-containing wood preservatives in which wood freshly impregnated by any of the full-cell, modified full-cell, empty-cell, or modified empty-cell treating processes are subjected to fixing by contacting the wood with hot liquid medium, such as water, which liquid is either initially hot or is rapidly heated to sufficient temperature so that the entire bundle of wood is brought to a temperature sufficient for fixation to occur within a short economic period of time within the liquid medium. The process also produces a low-weight preservative impregnated wood product.

Abstract: A process is provided for forming a fire retardant composition useful for treating cellulosic materials to impart both fire retardant properties and improved thermal stability under high temperature and humidity conditions. The process comprises reacting a solution of orthophosphoric acid, urea and water having a weight ratio from about 0.1 to about 15 orthophosphoric acid per part urea for a time of about 15 minutes to about 3 hours at a temperature from about 25.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C.; adding hydroxide in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of the solution from about 6.0 to about 9.0; reacting the solution with formaldehyde having a weight ratio from about 1.0 to about 56 total initial orthophosphoric acid per part formaldehyde for a time of about 5 minutes to about 1.5 hours at a temperature from about 25.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C., and adjusting the final pH of the solution from about 7.0 to about 8.5 with ammonium hydroxide.

Abstract: A composition for controlling sapstain and mold on wood having 20% more of moisture comprises an aqueous solution containing at least 0.05% by weight of chlorothalonil and borax in a quantity between 3 and 9 times greater than the weight of the chlorothalonil. The composition is applied to wood by dipping or spraying.

Abstract: Complexes of sulfited tannin extract and a copper(II) ion effectively protect wood against fungal attack. The complex can be impregnated into wood in a single step treatment using a water/organic solvent system, or formed in situ by treating the wood with an aqueous solution containing the extract and subsequently treating the wood with an aqueous solution containing a copper (II) salt.

Abstract: Described is a wood composition and a method for its preparation by treating wood with a first aqueous solution comprising one or more lanthanide derivatives, optionally rinsing with water and finally treating the wood with a second aqueous solution comprising one or more bases or one or more acid salts thereby precipitating a water-insoluble lanthanide complex within the wood. In addition, the method may be practiced by reversing the order of the treatment steps.

Abstract: A wood preservative composition comprises a wood preservative such as a chromated copper arsenate-oil emulsion or an ammoniacal copper arsenate emulsion having about 0.1 to 15 percent chromated copper arsenate, ammoniacal copper arsenate, or ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate, about 1 to 20 percent oil and about 0.3 to 2.5 percent (based on total final emulsion) surfactant material. The first surfactant preferably has a hydrophilic lipophilic balance of about 7 to 9.5 and a second surfactant has a hydrophilic lipophilic balance of about 15 to 20. It is preferred that the first surfactant have an ethoxyl mole ratio less than about 5 and that the second surfactant have a mole ratio greater than about 15. The surfactant material may be composed of a first surfactant having an average mole ratio of about 1 to 5 and a second surfactant having an average mole ratio of about 20 to 100. The composition is storage stable for extended periods and provides a number of beneficial properties for wood products.

Abstract: A novel ester of carbamic acid useful in controlling the growth and proliferation of microorganisms. The novel compound is ##STR1## namely, 3-iodopropargyl ester of carbamic acid.

Abstract: A method for fixing chromated copper arsenate agents in wood by treating the wood with a fixing agent selected from the following: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is the same or different and is hydrogen, phenyl or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.3 is (R.sub.4).sub.2 (HO)C-- or R.sub.4 OOC-- and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl or pyridyl.

Abstract: A process for the accelerated fixing of fixable chromate-containing wood preservatives in which wood freshly impregnated by any of the full-cell, modified full-cell, empty-cell, or modified empty-cell treating processes are subjected to fixing by contacting the wood with hot liquid medium, such as water, which liquid is either initially hot or is rapidly heated to sufficient temperature so that the entire bundle of wood is brought to a temperature sufficient for complete fixation to occur within an economic period of time either within or after removal from the liquid medium.

Abstract: Described is a method of treating wood without pressure using compositions comprising aqueous solutions of one or more lanthanide derivative. Also described is a composition comprising wood and lanthanides or lanthanide derivatives.

Abstract: Described is a method of treating wood using compositions comprising an organic solution (non-aqueous solution) of one or more lanthanide derivatives. Also described is a composition comprising wood and lanthanides or lanthanide derivatives. In one embodiment, the treatment occurs under vacuum.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method of surface impregnation of wood articles with a plastic and to the resulting wood articles. The method includes treating dried, finished wood articles comprising the steps of degassing the wood to a specified partial pressure, soaking the degassed wood at atmospheric pressure in a diallyl o-phthalate monomer-prepolymer solution for a specified time and polymerizing in the range of 200-210 deg. F in a forced air oven. The cured samples can then be buffed to obtain the desired finish.

Abstract: Use of finely divided aqueous cationic dispersions of synthetic resins obtainable by emulsion polymerization from suitable monomers and which contain cationic dispersion polymers, as impregnants and primers for consolidating and priming of porous absorbent substrates, preferably inorganic substrates such as, for example, masonry, concrete, plaster surfaces, gypsum surfaces, bricks or wood, by treating these substrates with the aqueous cationic dispersions whose polymer particles have mean particle diameters of 0.02 to 0.2 .mu.m.Aqueous cationic dispersions of synthetic resins exhibit a superior penetrating and permeating power, in particular on smooth plaster surfaces and smooth gypsum surfaces, compared with aqueous anionic or non-ionic dispersions of synthetic resins.

Abstract: Wood preservatives which are based on a zinc compound and an aliphatic carboxylic acid and additionally contain a polyamine and processes for preserving wood with these preservatives.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a modifed wood material can fix within a raw wood material an insoluble, non-flammable inorganic compound with a highly efficient reaction achieved between cations and anions by sequentially immersing the raw wood material at least three times alternately in each of, and different one from that employed immediately before of a first water-soluble inorganic substance solution containing cations and a second water-soluble inorganic substance solution containing anions.

Abstract: A wood preservative solution comprising water, hexavalent chromium, copper and arsenic can be stabilized against precipitation by the addition of fluorine ion, thereby enhancing the useful life and safety of the solution. Fluoride salts like cerium fluoride, sodium fluoride and calcium fluoride are suitable sources for fluorine ion in such a solution. Wood treated with the preservative solution displays increased penetration, distribution and retention of chromium, copper and arsenic.

Abstract: Described is a method of treating wood with compositions comprising aqueous solutions of one or more lanthanide derivatives, whereby the composition is contacted with the wood under vacuum.

Abstract: A fire retardent for woody materials, which is an aqueous solution comprising 100 parts by weight as solids content of a water-soluble 3-(dialkylphosphonopropionamide) represented by the following general formula ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 represents a hyrogen atom or a methyl group, and at least 100 parts by weight as solids of a water-soluble melamine resin as essential ingredients and having a pH of not more than 3.

Abstract: A process of producing modified wood by impregnating dried wood with a mixed solution composed of phthalic anhydride as a polybasic acid anhydride and epichlorohydrin as an epoxy compound at a mol ratio of 1:1 to 1:30 by dipping the wood in the mixed solution, withdrawing the impregnated wood from the mixed solution, and heating the wood to a temperature of from 60.degree. C. to 180.degree. C. to simultaneously adding phthalic anhydride and epichlorohydrin to the hydroxyl groups of the wood. By the process of this invention, excellent dimensional stability and weather resistance can be imparted to the wood while retaining the properties specific to the wood.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wood preservative comprising either(1) at least one of (a) ammonium monofluorophosphate and/or diammonium monofluorophosphate of the general formula (R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 N)R.sub.5 PO.sub.3 F in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are identical or different and each denotes a straight-chain, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, aralkyl, alkyaryl or aryl radical, either unsubstituted or substituted by an alkyl, alkoxy or a hydroxyl group, up to three of the four R.sub.1 -R.sub.4 can be hydrogen or can together form an alkylene bridge, R.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom or a R.sub.6 R.sub.7 R.sub.8 R.sub.9 N group in which R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9, respectively, have the same meanings as R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, respectively, and (b) a mixture of a salt of monofluorophosphoric acid and at least one ammonium salts of the general formula R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.

Abstract: Reaction of lignocellulosic material with uncatalyzed acetic anhydride in the absence of any cosolvent is disclosed. The process improves dimensional stability and resistance to biological attack of the lignocellulosic material. Lignocellulosic material is treated by exposure to liquid acetic anhydride for at least a short period of time, after which it is then heated to acetylate the material. The excess anhydride and byproduct acetic acid can be removed by vacuum.

Abstract: A novel suspension of boric acid comprising a concentrated, finely dispersed suspension of boric acid and a small amount of a soluble borate salt in an aqueous medium and a method of preparing the same.

Abstract: A method of protecting wood that comprises applying to the surface of the wood a solution of sodium carbonate and sodium borate. In a further aspect wood is protected against fungal growth by applying to the surface of the wood a solution of sodium carbonate.

Abstract: In a process for the impregnation of wood, first a treatment is performed by inoculating impregnation with pasty impregnating salt or the like, introduced by injection needles, and immediately following, a tank impregnation is conducted with the use of a liquid impregnating agent.

Abstract: A wood preservative based on leaching-resistant, inorganic compounds for protection of wood and wood materials against wood-damaging insects and fungi, including wood-rot fungi, is disclosed. The wood preservative, which is fixed without chromium, contains as active ingredient in an aqueous solution which is stable on impregnation, (a) a Cu(II), Zn, Ni, Co, Fe, Mg and/or Mn salt of monofluorophosphoric acid, or (b) an alkali metal salt and/or ammonium salt of monofluorophosphoric acid, in the presence of a Zn, Ni, Co, Fe, Mg and/or Mn salt of hydrochloric, nitric or sulfuric acid and, optionally in addition to (a) or (b), one or more members of the group comprising NH.sub.3, HCl, HNO.sub.3, H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, HF, alkali metal hydrogen fluoride and ammonium hydrogen fluoride. Alternately, the composition contains (c) an alkali metal salt and/or ammonium salt of monofluorophosphoric acid in the presence of a Cu(II) salt of hydrochloric, nitric or sulfuric acid in a Cu.sup.2+ :PO.sub.3 F.sup.

Abstract: Wood preservatives contain a mixture of 2-iodobenzanilide with a quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: A method for the impregnation of wood to prevent attack by harmful agents such as decay fungi or mould fungi and bacteria by the application of an aqueous solution of an alkali lignin modified into a water-soluble form. Impregnation takes place in two stages, these being an initial stage in which the aqueous solution containing the lignin still in its water-soluble form and with a pH not exceeding 10 is applied to the timber, and a second stage in which the lignin is fixed as a water-insoluble form by the application to the timber of a weakly acidic aqueous solution containing metal ions by the addition of metal salt.

Abstract: The invention is a method for pressure treatment of wood using compositions comprising aqueous solutions of one or more lanthanide derivatives. Wood is immersed in a pressure vessel containing a lanthanide derivative composition, and hydrostatic pressure is applied. The treatment is carried out at temperatures not exceeding about 95.degree. C., and more preferably at between about 20.degree. C. and about 30.degree. C. Pressure should be greater than about atmospheric, and preferably about 10 psi to about 300 psi.

Abstract: Methods for impregnating the pores of at least partially dried wood with a phosphorus nitride, particularly P.sub.3 N.sub.5, to provide flame resistance are described. Preferably liquid slurries of the phosphorus nitride are impregnated into the exposed pores of the wood using pressure or preferably a partial vacuum in a confined space which removes air from the pores and allows the slurry to impregnate the wood. The liquid is then removed from the wood.

Abstract: A composition for impregnating wood with pentachlorophenol is prepared by dissolving pentachlorophenol in .[.a petroleum fraction.]. .Iadd.an organic solvent .Iaddend.at least 50% of which will distill above 485.degree. F., and mixing the resulting solution with water to produce a finely divided dispersion of the solution in water.