Abstract: An attractive, decorative naturally-appearing stained color can be given to wooden members by contacting the wood with a basic aqueous medium at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Wood which is relatively poorer in connection with its ability to resist weathering, rotting, insect attack, etc., is made more resistant to such factors by a two-step process. The first step is to impregnate the poorer quality wood with an aqueous solution of tannin extract taken from a plant species which has superior weathering and other resistance properties. The wood treated with the tannin extract is then further treated with an aqueous solution of a fixative to prevent leaching of the extract during use of the wood, e.g., in exterior applications. The process of the present invention not only results in preservation of the wood, but can also be used for purposes of coloring the initial wood product. Abundant and relatively cheap woods can then be converted into wood products having qualities more closely like those of more expensive woods. In addition to the above-noted advantages, the present invention also uses treating substances which are non-hazardous and which are not damaging to the environment.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a modified wood material, wherein a raw wood material is processed in a first bath of a first solution containing metallic ions high in the affinity and showing insoluble and non-flammable properties within the wood material, and then in a second bath of a second solution containing negative ions which produces an insoluble, non-flammable inorganic composition upon reaction with the metallic ions, whereby the obtained modified wood material is made to have the insoluble, non-flammable inorganic composition produced and fixed therein to allow the material to hold a good flame retardancy and excellent rotproof and mothproof properties.

Abstract: Wood golf club heads are first subjected to a vacuum and then immersed in a solution of resin while under a source of vacuum condition. The heads are then subjected to an elevated pressure. The pressure is then removed and the heads dried. Apparatus for effectively carrying out the process utilizes a treatment chamber arranged to receive one or more of the heads. This chamber is associated with vacuum and elevated pressure supply apparatus to selectively subject the chamber to vacuum or pressure. A resin chamber is supported on top of the treatment chamber and has a valved conduit for controlling the supply of resin introduced to the treatment chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to treating wood with a wood preservative by applying in one or more recesses made in the wood solid material together with the wood preservative in such a way that the solid material fills up the recesses at least partly, said solid material having a lower water content than the wood treated and exerts a reinforcing effect upon this wood, when it absorbs water and in result expands and/or when a permanent pressure is exerted upon it.Furthermore, the invention relates to products to be used for this treatment, with which by one single act the filling-up of a recess in the wood to be treated and the closing thereof can be effected.

Abstract: Accelerated fixing of chromate-containing wood preservative salts, in which freshly impregnated timbers are subjected to fixing with superheated steam, is carried out by a process wherein the freshly impregnated timbers are subjected beforehand to a heat treatment in which both the wood surface and the internal walls of the heating chamber are heated to 60.degree.-100.degree. C., preferably 80.degree.-95.degree. C., and the timbers are then treated with superheated steam in a conventional manner.

Abstract: This invention comprises a treating apparatus and method that, in one continuous process, applies a treating solution to a wood article by utilizing a radial dipping apparatus, removes excess treating solution from the treated wood article, dries the remaining protective coating on the wood article by utilizing a radial drying apparatus, and then, if desired, paints the coated article and finally cures the paint to provide immediate assembly of the wood article into a window or door frame.

Abstract: A process for treating wood panels is disclosed where the panels are placed in a closed treatment chamber and the chamber then evacuated. This removes free formaldehyde from panel pores and produces a subatmospheric pressure within the pores. The chamber is then pressurized with an ammonia and air mixture with ammonia in the mixture permeating the panel pores and reacting with free formaldehyde. The chamber is then evacuated to recover unreacted ammonia.

Abstract: Wood that is especially suited for the manufacture of resonating bodies, is improved according to a process in which small amounts of reactive components of thermosetting polymers are introduced into the wood shortly before or during a heat treatment under pressure.

Abstract: A method for the preservation of wood is disclosed whereby the wood is treated with an aqueous, alkaline solution of an alkylol group containing phenol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of a wood veneer resistant to, amongst other things, micro-organisms and insects which is suitable for use in constructions intended for joinery, construction, packaging and installation applications.In accordance with one rational embodiment of the invention raw veneer is impregnated before it has dried, whereupon it is dried by heating. The impregnation medium is incorporated in this way after diffusion of the ring pores of the veneer once its cell walls have been sealed.

Abstract: An improved process for preserving wood by impregnating the wood with metal salts is described. More particularly, the improved process comprises the steps of(A) contacting wood in a vessel with a solution containing at least one soluble metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid under conditions of time, temperature and pressure which are sufficient(i) to effect penetration of the solution into the wood, and(ii) to maintain the metal:acid ratio in the solution removed from the wood in step (B) substantially the same as the metal:acid ratio in the solution used to impregnate the wood in this step (A),(B) removing at least some of the solution from the wood by reducing the pressure within the vessel, and(C) subsequently heating the wood to a temperature sufficient to fix the metal to the wood.

Abstract: Disclosed is process for extracting fungi-toxic material from wood material of a species of wood which is resistant to fungi-growth. The process comprises providing a first quantity of the wood material, contacting said quantity with an extraction agent in an amount and for a time sufficient to extract essentially all fungi-toxic material in the wood material, separating the agent containing the fungi-toxic material from the wood material, contacting a second quantity of wood material with the separated extraction agent for a time sufficient to extract fungi-toxic material contained in the second quantity of wood material, and separating the extraction agent from the second quantity of wood material.

Abstract: A wood substrate having good flame resistance characteristics while substantially maintaining its adherence characteristics for asphalt products. One surface of the wood substrate has a coating of an inorganic soluble silicate impregnating the wood substrate and forming a firm bonding with it. A process which is disclosed comprises: (a) coating at least one surface of a wood substrate with a concentrated solution of an inorganic soluble silicate, and (b) drying said coating as to leave on said surface the inorganic silicate impregnating the wood substrate and form a firm bonding with the wood substrate.

Abstract: A method for impregnating wood, wherein the wood (1) is placed in an airtight impregnation tank (2) from which the air has been evacuated, and which is subjected to pressure after the introduction of the impregnating liquid (17). The impregnating liquid is introduced under completely airtight conditions, whereby the liquid (17) is devoid of gas and air when impregnation takes place. An apparatus for carrying out the method comprises an impregnation tank (2) for containing the wood (1), wherein the tank is provided with pipes connecting it to a storage tank (11) containing impregnating liquid (17) for supplying the liquid to the impregnation tank. In connection with the impregnation tank (2) and the storage tank (11), equipment for evacuating the air or other gas from the tanks, from the wood and from the impregnating liquid (17). In connection with the impregnation tank (2) equipment is provided for increasing the pressure in the tank, e.g.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and composition for preserving wood and other cellulose based materials against destructive organisms responsible for rot and decay, namely fungus and insects. The composition comprises an aqueous ammoniacal solution of a preservative metal compound and an organic acid selected from the group consisting of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing 2-10 carbon atoms per molecule, aliphatic mono, di or tricarboxylic hydroxy acids containing 2-6 carbon atoms per molecule or a mixture of these acids and/or their salts. The preservative composition may be applied by dipping, soaking, spraying, brushing or by any other well known means including vacuum and/or pressure applications.

Abstract: A method of diffusion impregnation of wooden structures, which include long wooden objects, with a wood preservative, depots with the wood preservative being placed, in a way known per se, within the wood. The characteristic feature of the method is that in sections of the wooden object in which the moisture ratio of the wood is less than substantially 25 % depots with wood preservative dissolved in a hygroscopic liquid are placed and that in sections of the wooden object in which the moisture ratio of the wood is greater than substantially 25 % depots with wood preservative in solid phase are placed. The depots are placed at intermittent distances from each other along the wooden structure so that each long object is impregnated along the whole of its length and right through it.

Abstract: Water dispersible compositions containing hydrocarbon wax are described which are useful in preparing aqueous water repellent systems. Aqueous water repellent systems containing a hydrocarbon wax also are described. The water repellent system comprises an aqueous system comprising water, a saturated hydrocarbon wax, at least one oil-soluble metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid, at least one surfactant and at least one hydrocarbon solvent. A process for impregnating permeable substrates such as wood, cloth, concrete, rope, etc. with the water repellent system is also described. Penetration of the various components into the substrate is obtained by brushing, dipping, soaking, spraying or immersion at atmospheric pressure, at elevated pressures or under vacuum. The oil-soluble metal salt often is a fungicide. Moreover, additional components can be contained in the aqueous system such as insecticides, colorants, flame retardants, moldicides, wood stabilizing agents, etc.

Abstract: A wood-treating composition useful for the control of surface molds and as a wood preservative is provided. The composition includes a certain fungicide effective to protect wood against surface molds and compatible with chromated copper arsenate, a wood preservative. Also provided is treated wood having the fungicide and the wood preservative applied thereto.

Abstract: A process for acetylating a wood material which comprises impregnating the wood material with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal acetate, drying the wood material containing the alkali metal acetate solution, and treating the dried wood material with acetic anhydride optionally diluted with an organic solvent at temperature between 100.degree. C. and 150.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of impregnating wood in order to protect it against fungal decay. Conventionally wood has been treated with copper-chromium-arsenic preservatives in a one stage treatment, e.g. by impregnating the wood with a solution of these compounds. The chromium component serves to fix the copper in the wood to prevent it from leaching out. It has now been found that a two-stage treatment in which (1) the copper and fixative agent are impregnated without arsenic and (2) the arsenic is impregnated separately, improves resistance of the wood to soft-rot fungi. The invention is particularly useful for treating hardwoods.

Abstract: A method of treating a woody material which comprises treating a woody material with a treating agent composed of a mixture or reaction product of a polymeric compound and/or a compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound and a phosphonic acid compound. In an alternative embodiment, the treating agent is composed of (1) a mixture or reaction product of a polymeric compound and/or a compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound and a phosphonic acid compound and (2) at least one member selected from the group consisting of silicon-containing inorganic compounds, magnesium-containing inorganic compounds, calcium-containing inorganic compounds, penetrants, film crack preventing agents, formaldehyde-capturing agents, acid catalysts, antifoamers, mold releasing agents and other fire retardants.

Abstract: A self-contained, portable wood treating apparatus and method for treating wood is disclosed. The wood treating apparatus includes a generally flat base in which a water tank is contained. A cylindrical pressure vessel is located above the base. A pair of elongate work tanks are located on respective sides of the pressure vessel between the pressure vessel and base. A reagent tank is also provided adjacent the base in which a concentrated treatment liquid is contained. A treatment system is provided for treating the wood located in the pressure vessel with a dilute treatment liquid contained in the work tanks. The treatment system includes a make up system for making up additional dilute treatment liquid by mixing water from the water tank and concentrated treatment liquid from the reagent tank. The improved method of operation includes the forming of dilute treatment liquid which is pumped into the pressure vessel to pressurize the pressure vessel and wood therein.

Abstract: A treatment for wood poles, as used for telecommunications and electric power poles, to reduce surface hardening comprises modifying the standard treatment solution by the addition of a polymer of ethylene oxide. A surface active agent is a further possible additive, and reduction of the hexavalent chrome ion in the standard solution is a further modification.

Abstract: A wood improver comprising a waste liquor produced by the digestion of pulp, such as kraft, sulfite or semichemical pulp, and optionally further containing a Steffen waste liquor from beet sugar plant and/or polyethylene glycol. Also disclosed is a method of improving the quality of wood by treating it with the improver to prevent its cracking during drying.

Abstract: A method of removing liquid solvent from wood after pressure treatment with a preservative solution evaporates the excess solvent by mechanically circulating heated vapor of the same solvent used in the preservative solution past the wood in an autoclave. The autoclave is maintained at a constant pressure by transferring evaporated solvent to a condenser at a rate equal to the evaporation rate of solvent from the wood in the autoclave. The heat extracted from the condensing solvent vapor provides the heat to the circulating vapor in the autoclave for evaporating additional liquid solvent from the treated wood. Preferably, the vapor transferred from the autoclave is compressed before its delivery to the condenser so that the heat needed for evaporation in the autoclave can be obtained by simple heat transfer of the excess heat from the condenser.

Abstract: A method for treating wood with an aqueous composition having fungicidal and insecticidal properties. The aqueous composition comprises(a) at least one oil-soluble metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid having fungicidal properties wherein the metal is zinc, chromium, iron, antimony, lead, mercury or a mixture thereof,(b) at least one halopyridyl phosphate of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a halopyridyl group, Z represents oxygen or sulfur, and each R' is independently a lower alkoxy, amino or lower alkylamino group,(c) at least one surfactant, and(d) from about 60 to 99% of water.Such compositions penetrate into both dry and green wood rather readily, and the result is wood which is resistant to fungi and insects.

Abstract: A process for impregnating green wood with oil-soluble metal salts is described. The method comprises(a) contacting the green wood with an aqueous system comprising(i) water,(ii) at least one oil-soluble metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid, and(iii) at least one surfactantfor a period of time sufficient to enable the metal salt to penetrate into the wood, and(b) removing the wood from contact with the aqueous system. Good penetration of the metal salt into the green wood is realized by this method when conducted under vacuum, at atmospheric pressure or at elevated pressures. Preferably, the metal salt is a preservative such as a fungicide, and the aqueous system also contains other desirable components such as fire retardants, coloring agents and insecticides.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for coating a fiber mat with a pigmented coating prior to subjecting the mat to heat and pressure treatment to form a composition board having a smooth, embossed or textured surface. The coating contains a mixture of an acrylic, hydroxyl or carboxyl functional vehicle, a melamine-based coating crosslinking agent for the vehicle, a high-melting wax, and a platelet form of talc. By employing this process, composition board products are obtained which have superior surfaces and surface finishes. In addition, these finishes inhibit composition board extractive migration which causes the formation of discolored spots on the finished composition board's surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a wood preservative composition comprising the following ingredients (A) and (B):(A) at least one alkyl ammonium compound,(B) at least one polyacid salt selected from the group consisting of condensated homopolyacid salts, condensated heteropolyacid salts, polycarboxylic acid salts and polyphosphonic acid salts.The (B) ingredients improve the anchoring property of the alkyl ammonium compound (A) which is the active ingredient of a wood preservative, thereby obtained a wood preservative with long-lasting preservation effect under the conditions of underground berrying or underwater installation.

Abstract: A process for producing the wood head of a golf club by impregnating a wood head workpiece with a resin to give durability to the wood head, the process comprising the steps of forming the workpiece so that the hitting surface thereof extends in parallel with internal channels therein, subsequently immersing the workpiece in a first liquid resin composition only at the hitting side to impregnate the hitting side with the composition at a high ratio and form a resin-impregnated layer of high impregnation ratio, thereafter impregnating the entire workpiece with a second liquid resin composition at a low ratio, and polymerizing and curing the compositions. Also disclosed is an apparatus for performing the resin impregnation steps.

Abstract: Wood and wooden materials are treated with aqueous treatment media. These media contain a water-soluble or water-dispersible, oxidatively drying, organic binder. The latter is a low-molecular weight, optionally modified 1,3-butadiene polymer which carries quaternary ammonium groups. This polymer is obtained by reacting an epoxy-group-containing polymer with a secondary and/or primary aliphatic amine and reacting the amination product with a low-molecular weight monoepoxide, during which process 0.05-0.5 mole of the quaternizable amino groups is quaternized per 100 g of the amination product.The treatment media preferably additionally contain wood preservatives and additives customary in the impregnating and varnishing field.

Abstract: Coating of the surface of a pencil barrel with a coat film having a sufficient thickness and smoothness can be well achieved by using a hot-melt polyester as a coating material. The formation of the desired coat film on the pencil barrel can be attained even by only a single coating operation. The coat film of hot-melt polyester formed on the surface of the pencil barrel has an excellent affinity for and an improved adhesion to not only a pencil barrel but also to a lacquer if any lacquer is additionally coated on the polyester-coated pencil barrel. Any organic solvent need not be used, and the coating operation can be completed in an extremely short time. Therefore, the method of the present invention is very advantageous from the viewpoints of prevention of environmental pollution and enhancement of productivity.

Abstract: According to the invention, a method of modifying wood comprises the steps of impregnating wood with a modifying system, d drying the impregnated wood in a hydrophobic heat transfer agent, and curing the impregnating system in the wood, the drying and curing processes being carried out in the same autoclave and with the same hydrophobic heat transfer agent, while raising the temperature of the heat transfer agent from 40.degree. to 140.degree. C.

Abstract: Water-borne preservative salts are used to impregnate wood by the empty-cell pressure impregnation method without the precipitation of water-borne salts such as chromium, copper and arsenic when wood sugars enter the treating solution during the kickback or pressure release phase of the empty-cell cycle. The lack of precipitation is obtained by maintaining the preservative salts solution at a temperature between about 40.degree. F. and about 70.degree. F.

Abstract: A wood preservative based on an aqueous mixture of boric acid and a water-soluble organic amine, which mixture additionally contains sodium polyborate or a mixture of boric acid and borax.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of coating combustible material such as wood, plywood, shingles and the like with a flameproofing composition. The method employs a flame coating composition which is a mixture of a thermoplastic, ambient-temperature, film former such as a polyvinyl acrylic acetate latex, and alumina trihydrate and glass fibers. The ambient temperature film former is a conventional latex used for coating compositions and should have the property of softening at or below the dehydration temperature of alumina trihydrate (about 280 degrees F.) and be capable of forming a stable foam at such temperatures. The alumina, which comprises the major portion of the coating composition, dehydrates when subjected to flame temperatures and the water vapor released from the alumina forms a stable foam.

Abstract: Wood is preserved with a water-based treating solution containing a halogenated phenol wood preservative such as pentachlorophenol, a phenolic resin prepolymer such as a phenol formaldehyde prepolymer, and a coupling or solubilizing agent for enhancing the water compatibility of the various ingredients. The treatment is carried out by exposing the wood, while submerged in the treating solution, so one or more cycles of reduced pressure (i.e. vacuum) and elevated pressure.

Abstract: An article and method for treating wood to promote preservation and inhibit fungi and bacteria attack, comprising the wood treated with a polymer with pendant groups containing pyridine rings complexed with copper. Treatment can include impregnating the wood through pressure, vacuum, soaking or other means or more superficial applications to the wood surface through brushing, painting, dipping or the like. Preferred are one-step and two-step procedures with poly-4-vinylpyridine as the polymer of choice and copper chloride or copper sulfate as the preferred copper ion source. Treatment can be with the monomer or homopolymer form, followed by polymerization and/or cross-linking in situ in the wood after application.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the chemical treatment of woods, which comprises introducing a chemical solution into a pressure vessel charged with wood so that the wood is entirely dipped in the chemical solution, heating the chemical solution to a temperature within the range not causing high temperature troubles in the wood, and elevating the pressure in the pressure vessel above the saturated steam pressure to cause the chemical solution to permeate into the wood.According to this method, the chemical permeation treatment can be accomplished in a very short time at a low temperature not causing high temperature troubles in woods. Furthermore, the preliminary boiling treatment, which is indispensable in the conventional method, can be omitted.

Abstract: A method of treating wood to prevent stain and decay which includes extracting from a decay resistant species of wood material a fungi growth inhibiting material and using this material to wet the surface of wood to be treated. The substance for use as a fungi growth inhibiting material is obtained by extracting it from decay resistant species of wood material.

Abstract: Wood is preserved with a water-based treating solution containing a halogenated phenol wood preservative such as pentachlorphenol, a phenolic resin prepolymer such as a phenol formaldehyde prepolymer, and a coupling or solubilizing agent for enhancing the water compatibility of the various ingredients. The treatment is carried out by exposing the wood, while submerged in the treating solution, so one or more cycles of reduced pressure (i.e. vacuum) and elevated pressure.

Abstract: Glycol ether partial esters of the formula ##STR1## where R is a specified substituent formed by reaction of monohydroxyl reactants of (poly)glycols with phosphorus pentoxide.

Abstract: A wood preservative composition comprising 2-mercaptobenzothiazole or its salt and 2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenol or its salt exerts an unexpected synergistic wood preservative effect against wood destroying fungi and termites.

Abstract: This invention relates to new and improved chlorinated phenol water soluble wood treating compositions and methods for preservation of wood or products made from wood. In the general practice of this invention, wooden objects are treated with water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions consisting of blends of from 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof, from about 1% to about 97% by weight aliphatic alcohols having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof, from about 0.2% to about 35% of a fatty acid amine oxide or a mixture of fatty acid amine oxides and other amines, and from about 1% to about 97% by weight water.

Abstract: Branched-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids, or their alkali- or ammonium salts, are used for the protection of wood and other cellulose-based materials against attacks of sapstain and mould fungi. The acids contain 6 to 20 carbon atoms and are iso-acids or acids which are mono-branched in 2-position. 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, or its salts, is particularly preferred. The acids are particularly suitable for short-term protection treatment of wood. The acids can be applied in the form of water solutions or dispersions by means of dipping, coating or brushing.

Abstract: This invention relates to new and improved chlorinated phenol water soluble wood treating compositions and methods for preservation of wood or products made from wood. In the general practice of this invention, wooden objects are treated with water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions consisting of blends of from 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof, from about 1% to about 97% by weight aliphatic alcohols having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof, from about 0.2% to about 35% of a fatty acid amine oxide or a mixture of fatty acid amine oxides and other amines, and from about 1% to about 97% by weight water.

Abstract: A chemical mixture containing 40% by weight of sugar in water, approximately 0.4% by weight of a shading agent such as strontium nitrate and approximately 0.06% by weight of a stabilizing agent such as potassium chromate is applied to the surface of hard rock maple or print grade maple veneer. When the surface of the wood is subjected to heat in the range of 100.degree. F. to 900.degree. F. and pressure in the range of 5 psi to 2000 psi the color of wood is charged substantially to approach the reddish color of cherry. The degree of color is varied by adjusting the temperature or amount of shading agent. When an embossing step is to be performed on the wood, the chemical coloring mixture is applied to the surface of the wood and the two steps (embossing and staining) are carried out simultaneously.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying liquid adhesive to a work-piece. A reservoir containing the liquid adhesive is moved relative to a stationary perforated support member immersed in the adhesive to expose the support member. Excess liquid adhesive drains through apertures in the support member. The work-piece is placed in contact with the support member for application of the adhesive thereto. After the work-piece is removed from the support member the reservoir is allowed to move back to again immerse the support member. The reservoir is preferably resiliently mounted and connected to a foot-treadle which when depressed moves the reservoir downwardly, exposing the support member.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing modified wood, comprising the successive steps of impregnating a wood in two stages, using phenolic alcohols at the first stage and fire retardants at the second stage, drying it, and heat treating to obtain the end product, with the heat treatment performed, in one of the embodiments, in a hydrophilic heat transfer fluid.