Abstract: A supported phosphor screen or panel suitable for use in radiation detectors has been described, as well as a method to prepare said screen or panel, comprising a phosphor layer wherein the phosphor layer has a main surface and edges, and further comprises, as an overcoat layer, a moistureproof protective layer, characterized in that the panel comprises a support with a surface larger than the said main surface of said phosphor layer, so that the said phosphor layer leaves a portion of said support free, and said overcoat layer covers at least a part of said portion of said support left free by said phosphor layer.

Abstract: A radiation image storage panel composed of a substrate and a phosphor film of an europium activated cesium bromide phosphor containing an europium element at an atomic ratio in the range of 0.0001 to 0.01 in terms of Eu/Cs and having been formed by vapor deposition shows specifically high sensitivity. The phosphor film is favorably deposited on the substrate by electron beam-evaporation method using plural evaporation sources.

Abstract: A method for preparing a radiation image conversion panel, which comprises the steps of:

Abstract: A preparation process of a particulate rare earth activated alkaline earth metal fluorohalide stimulable phosphor represented by formula (1) is disclosed, wherein precursor particles of the stimulable phosphor, prepared in the liquid phase process are covered with fine particles of at least two kinds of metal oxides and then subjected to calcination. A radiation image conversion panel containing the stimulable phosphor particles is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a radiation image storage panel composed of a support sheet and a phosphor layer formed on a surface of the support sheet by vapor-accumulating method, the phosphor layer is composed of prismatic crystals of phosphor aligned in the same direction, and each of the crystals has a convex surface at one end. The radiation image storage panel is favorably employed in combination with a line sensor in a radiation image recording and reproducing method.

Abstract: A storage phosphor sheet is conveyed in a conveying direction in which test pieces are conveyed by a conveyor unit, the storage phosphor sheet being continuous in the conveying direction and also being greater in width than the test piece in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction. The storage phosphor sheet being supplied from a roll of phosphor sheet is superposed by a press roller on the test pieces being conveyed. The storage phosphor sheet is cut by a cutter in order to separate the superposed test piece and storage phosphor sheet from the storage phosphor sheet.

Abstract: A scintillator panel (2) comprises a radiation-transparent substrate (10), a flat resin film (12) formed on the substrate (10), a reflecting film (14) formed on the flat resin film (12), a deliquescent scintillator (16) formed on the reflecting film (14), and a transparent organic film (18) covering the scintillator (16).

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is a finished detector module suitable for use in a computed tomography (CT) imaging system. The finished detector module includes a substrate; a photosensor array mounted on the substrate; an array of scintillators optically coupled to the photosensor array and separated therefrom by a gap filled with either air or a compliant clear film; and a flexible electrical cable electrically coupled to the photosensor array.

Abstract: A stimulable phosphor sheet is prepared by applying an electron beam to a stimulable phosphor or its source in a vacuum to vaporize a phosphor or its source and depositing the vaporized phosphor or source on the support, under the condition that the electron beam is applied to the stimulable phosphor or source at an accelerating voltage of 1.5 kV to 5.0 kV. The stimulable phosphor or its source is preferably in the form of a solid having a relative density of 80% to 98%.

Abstract: Methods for temporarily protecting a surface of a glass article by coating the surface are provided. The methods include forming a stable, hydrophobic, removable film on the surface at the end of the glass manufacturing process while the glass is still at an elevated temperature (e.g., above 175° C.). The film reduces chip adhesion to the surface as a result of cutting and grinding. After cutting and grinding, the film is removed allowing the glass to be used in such processes as the manufacture of liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

Abstract: In a method of and an arrangement for producing a fluorescent layer on a substrate (12), being supported by a substrate holder (11), the temperature of the substrate (12) and of the substrate holder (11) is controlled by introducing a gas into a cavity (14) between the substrate and the substrate holder in order to realize a thermal coupling between the substrate and the substrate holder.

Abstract: Making a phosphor screen by forming a phosphor powder that incorporates strontium, is made up of particles having a long dimension of less than about 5 microns and having superior response time. Slurrying the phosphor powder with a suitable solvent, dispersant, plasticizer and binder. Coating a suitable substate with an infra red absorbing layer. Coating the phosphor containing slurry onto the infra red absorbing layer. Drying the thus produced screen.

Abstract: A radiation image sensor 10 comprises two optical members 12, 14; a scintillator 18 deposited on entrance end faces 12a, 14a of the optical members 12, 14; a plurality of light-guiding optical components 22; and a plurality of CCDs 20. Each of the optical members 12, 14 is an optical member in which several millions/cm2 of optical fibers are disposed parallel to each other and integrally molded, whereas the optical fibers have an axis forming an acute angle with the entrance end face 12a, 14a. The two optical members 12, 14 are arranged such that the optical fibers respectively constituting each of the optical members 12, 14 have a gap therebetween widening from the entrance end face 12a, 14a side to the exit end face 12b, 14b side. Respective side faces 12c, 14c of optical members 12, 14 are formed with ground surfaces 12d, 14d in which the respective side faces 12c, 14c of optical members 12, 14 are ground against each other.

Abstract: A method for making a semiconductor device is disclosed which comprises the step of applying a functional layer on a substrate, characterized in that said substrate is a laminate which comprises a support and a glass layer, said glass layer having a thickness of less than 700 &mgr;m. The support is preferably a plastic foil. The laminate has the combined benefits of low weight and high strength and is therefore a suitable substrate for making flat panel displays such as liquid crystal displays, plasma displays, field emission displays or organic light-emitting polymer displays. Preferred examples of the functional layer are e.g. electroconductive layers, liquid crystal orientation layers, color filters, electroluminescent layers, passivation layers and phosphor layers.

Abstract: Comprising a first step of supporting a substrate formed with a scintillator on at least three protrusions of a target-support element disposed on a vapor deposition table so as to keep a distance from said vapor deposition table; a second step of introducing said vapor deposition table having said substrate supported by said target-support element into a vapor deposition chamber of a CVD apparatus; and a third step of depositing an organic film by CVD method onto all surfaces of said substrate, provided with said scintillator, introduced into said vapor deposition chamber.

Abstract: A binderless storage phosphor screen with needle shaped crystals, wherein the phosphor is an alkalihalide phosphor and the needles show high [100] unit cell orientation in the plane of the screen.

Abstract: In a method and evaporation chamber for generating a continuous vapor stream containing a compound in which gallium is present in monovalent form of a vacuum coating method for vacuum coating a substrate, an evaporation substance containing gallium in bivalent or trivalent form, is arranged together with metallic gallium in the evaporation chamber, that is closed on all sides and has a vapor exit opening. The evaporation substance is evaporated, and the vapor is brought into contact with the metallic gallium, causing the bivalent or trivalent gallium to be reduced to monovalent gallium in a vapor stream which subsequently exits in the direction of the substrate via the vapor exit opening.

Abstract: A method for producing a multilayer plate for X-ray imaging is disclosed. As the first step in the method, there is provided a plate of a substrate. Then, there is deposited on this substrate a thin film of amorphous arsenic triselenide by thermal evaporation under reduced pressure, followed by condensation on the substrate. A thick photoconductive film of doped amorphous selenium is then deposited by evaporation and condensation on the thin layer of amorphous arsenic triselenide. This thick photoconductive film can also be deposited directly onto the substrate. Then, a thin film of alkali doped selenium is deposited onto the thick photoconductive layer by evaporation or co-evaporation and condensation, and a conducting biasing electrode is formed on top of this alkali doped film.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving the x-ray screen brightness of gadolinium oxysulfide x-ray phosphors. The method applies annealing and acid washing steps in a specific order following deagglomeration of the phosphor in order to ameliorate the loss of brightness caused by the deagglomeration.

Abstract: In a radiation image storage panel comprising a stimulable phosphor layer and a protective film placed thereon, the protective film is made of a film of plastic material and a layer of a fluororesin-containing resin composition coated on the phosphor layer. The coated layer is prepared by coating a solution of a resin composition containing not less than 30 weight % of a fluororesin and drying thus coated solution layer.

Abstract: A process for preparing an X-ray mask structure comprises an X-ray transmissive film, an X-ray absorptive member held on the X-ray transmissive film and supporting frame for supporting the X-ray transmissive film. The X-ray absorptive member is constituted of crystalline grains having a grain boundary size of 1 .mu.m or larger, or has a density of 90% or more relative to the density of the bulk material.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for obtaining metal halides, in particular rare earth and/or alkali earth halides. This process consists of forming a homogeneous solution by mixing one or more rare earth and/or alkali earth halogenoalkoxides in an anhydrous organic solvent, and hydrolyzing this solution. The novel materials are obtained at room temperature and are in powder, fibre, film or bulk material form.

Abstract: The performance of phosphor screens can be improved by adding an antistatic agent into the protective topcoat of the radiographic screen when the antistatic agent preferably comprises a fluorocarbon or silicone antistatic agent. These antistatic agents are particularly useful where the screen is made by coating phosphor dispersion/mixture onto a substrate while the dispersion/mixture contains less than 5% by weight of polymerizable components with a molecular weight less than 300, preferably with less than 5% by weight of polymerizable components having molecular weights less than 500, and a topcoat contains the antistatic agent. Formation of the antistatic topcoat is preferably formed by inclusion of the antistatic agent into the polymerizable composition and allowing the antistatic agent to migrate to the surface of the composition during polymerization to form a layer consisting essentially of the antistatic agent.

Abstract: An X-ray intensifying screen comprises a support and a layer containing a direct emission phosphor formed without a binder. The preferred direct emission phosphor is a rare earth silicate phosphor. Said X-ray intensifying screen is useful in the methods for recording and reproducing high energy radiation images. A process for the preparation of the binderless phosphor layer by reactive spray pyrolysis is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for the manufacture of a phosphor intensifying screen which eliminates the use of solvents and high processing temperatures. The method comprises blending a phosphor in a hardenable system (i.e., that is, as defined herein, a polymerizable or curable system) comprising phosphor in a radiation curable binder composition, coating the phosphor in a radiation curable binder composition onto a substrate, and polymerizing (i.e., hardening) the system by exposure to actinic radiation. The radiation curable binder composition comprises an organopolysiloxane or a mixture of organopolysiloxanes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to phosphors, composition containing phosphors and methods of their use. More particularly, it relates to organic phosphors which are amino acid salts compositions containing the phosphors and methods of using those phosphors and compositions to make objects photo-luminescent.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging tube has an input phosphor screen including a substrate, a discontinuous phosphor layer formed on the substrate, and a continuous phosphor layer formed on the discontinuous phosphor layer. The discontinuous phosphor layer consists of a large number of columnar crystals separated from each other and containing a substance for absorbing light emitted from a phosphor upon incidence of an X-ray. Light-absorbing layers containing a compound of the substance and having a concentration of the element higher on outer surfaces thereof than that in interiors thereof are formed on adjacent side surfaces of the columnar crystals such that the light-absorbing layers are not present at an interface between the discontinuous phosphor layer and the continuous phosphor layer. The gap between the adjacent side surfaces of the columnar crystals is 0.1 .mu.m or more.

Abstract: There is described a process for the vapor deposition of a scintillator phosphor composition with concomitant shadowing wherein the substrate to be processed is rotated through an arc relative to a vapor source of the scintillator phosphor composition whereby shadowing introduces voided gaps or interstices between columns as a result of the preferential components receiving more coating flux, particularly in the presence of oblique flux.

Abstract: The performance of phosphor screens can be improved by coating the phosphor dispersion/mixture onto a substrate while the dispersion/mixture contains less than 5% by weight of polymerizable components with a molecular weight less than 300, preferably with less than 5% by weight of polymerizable components having molecular weights less than 500. The polymerizable composition should be photopolymerizable, and other components within the coating to be photohardened which have molecular weights below 300 or 500 should likewise be kept to less than 5% by weight of the composition.

Abstract: A process for forming a phosphor comprising the steps of:(a) providing a substrate for deposition and growth of an alkali halide phosphor,(b) forming a patterned surface on the substrate comprising a plurality of mesas, each of the mesas having an incline, a decline, and a horizontal surface, the mesas being separated from one another by horizontal segments of the substrate and wherein:(i) the ratio of the height of each of the mesas to the width of the horizontal segments is in the range of about 1:20 to 1:4;(ii) the ratio of the width of each of the mesas to the width of the horizontal segments is in the ratio of about 1:30 to 1:4; and(iii) the angles of incline and decline of each of the mesas are between about 5.degree. to 85.degree.; and(c) depositing an alkali halide phosphor on the patterned surface of the substrate of step (b), thereby forming cracks, in the deposited phosphor, originating from the inclines and/or declines of each of the mesas.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an X-ray tube comprises the steps of applying the bearing portions with liquid metal lubricant and heating the bearing portions defined by a rotary structure and a stationary shaft to a temperature of 200.degree. C. or more in a vacuum condition. An apparatus for manufacturing an X-ray tube comprises a vacuum bell jar having a heating unit, a metal lubricant injector provided in the vacuum bell jar and a holding and controlling device for holding the rotary structure and the stationary shaft and controlling the movement and the mutual connection of the rotary structure and stationary shaft externally of the vacuum envelope.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a stimulable luminescent storage screen, of the type used to store a latent x-ray image, with the image being read-out by excitation of the screen with radiation of a first wavelength, thereby causing the screen to emit radiation of a second wavelength, includes the step of using a transparent single crystal as the initial material for making the screen, and working the transparent single crystal to form the screen. Working of the transparent single crystal can be in the form of pressing the crystal, heating the crystal, or both.

Abstract: A radiation image storage panel having a stimulable phosphor layer and an improved protective film is disclosed. The improved protective film is produced from a mixture of a film-forming resin and an oligomer having a polysiloxane skeleton or a perfluoroalkyl group. The improved protective film can be a coated layer containing a fluorocarbon resin which is soluble in an organic solvent. Otherwise, the improved protective film can be produced by coating on the phosphor layer a mixture of a film-forming resin composition containing a fluorocarbon resin which is soluble in an organic solvent, and a powdery resin of perfluoroolefin or silicone.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an output phosphor screen for x-ray image intensifier is disclosed. The method includes the steps of dropping a dispersion of infusible spherical silicon resin particles on a water surface to form an aggregate layer of the infusible spherical silicon resin particles on the water surface. Thereafter, the aggregate layer of infusible spherical silicon resin particles in adhered on a face plate. The adhered aggregate layer is the calcinated in an atmosphere containing oxygen at a temperature of not less than 500.degree. C. to change the aggregate layer of infusible spherical silicone resin particles into a layer of spherical silica particles. A phosphor layer is then formed on the spherical silica particle layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radiation image storage panel comprising a support and a compressed phosphor layer provided thereon which contains a phosphor and a binder of which 10 wt. %-100 wt. % content is thermoplastic elastomer. Further disclosed is a radiographic intensifying screen having the same structure as the above radiation image storage panel. The processes for preparation of the radiation image storage panel and the radiographic intensifying screen are also disclosed.

Abstract: A fluorescent screen includes a substrate made of a light-scattering material and a mixture of an organic fluorescent substance and a binder dispersed therein. Since the luminescent light is scattered by the light-scattering material, the light emitted from the screen is increased to a level higher than that of a conventional fluorescent screen to enhance brightness thereof.

Abstract: A method is provided for measuring and regulating the quantity of coating in surface sizing or pigmenting of paper or board, wherein the coating agent is spread by means of a coating device in the form of a film onto the face of a roll in a size press. The film is transferred from the roll face onto the paper or board in the size press nip. A fluorescent marker agent is mixed into the roll coating or into the coating agent and the measurement of the coating quantity is carried out by means of X-ray fluorescence technique from the face of the size press roll before the film of coating agent is transferred onto the web.

Abstract: An X-ray mirror having its layer structure in the sequence of: a substrate having the surface roughness (R.sub.max) of 1,000 .ANG. or below; an intermediate layer of high molecular weight material formed on this substrate and having a surface roughness (R.sub.max) of 100 .ANG. or below; and a thin film formed on this intermediate layer, the X-ray mirror being produced by the process steps of: providing a substrate having a surface roughness (R.sub.max) of 1,000 .ANG. or below; forming on this substrate an intermediate layer of a high molecular weight material by spin-coating with a surface roughness (R.sub.max) of 100 .ANG. or below; and finally forming a thin film on this intermediate layer.

Abstract: An x-ray imaging screen is disclosed comprised of a thermoplastic film support having a planar coating surface and a fluorescent layer coated on that surface. The film support includes an integral lip at its outer boundary extending above the planar coating surface and along peripheral edge portions of the fluorescent layer to protect the fluorescent layer from wear and delamination from the film support. After coating the fluorescent layer on the planar surface of a film support in forming the screen, the coated film support is cut to size by locally heating the film support above its softening point. A softened portion of the film support is caused to flow over the peripheral edge of the fluorescent layer to form the integral lip while cooling the softened portion of the film support immobilizes the integral lip along the peripheral edge of the fluorescent layer, thereby providing a lateral protective buffer for the fluorescent layer along its peripheral edge.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making a rare-earth oxysulfide phosphor resistant to hydrolysis, which comprises forming a slurry of the phosphor in water, adding to the slurry, a zinc compound in an amount sufficient to result in a zinc ion concentration in the water of from about 0.01 molar to about 0.05 molar, separating the resulting zinc-treated phosphor from the liquid portion of the slurry, heating the zinc-treated phosphor in air at a temperature of from about 500.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. for a sufficient time to enhance the brightness of the phosphor, and screening the resulting heated phosphor to remove non-luminescent material therefrom. The phosphor has a resistance to hydrolysis that is at least about 50% greater than phosphors produced without the zinc treatment.

Abstract: A close packed planar array corner cube surface is employed in making an x-ray image intensifier screen. The corner cube surface is produced from single cube silicon crystal using a photoresist pattern of an array of triangle openings aligned with the <110> directions of the cube in a {111} plane facial surface of the wafer. Corner cube cells are etched in the wafer surface with an anisotropic etchant preferentially etching the {100} planes of the cubic lattice. A method for producing a retro-reflective surface from the etched silicon wafer for making the x-ray phosphor imaging screen is described.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing M' phase YTaO.sub.4 :Nb X-ray phosphor which comprises forming a mixture of components Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5, and Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, and a flux which can be lithium chloride, lithium sulfate or a mix of lithium sulfate and potassium sulfate in an 80 to 20 mole ratio, the flux making up about 25% to 50% by weight of the mixture, the components being provided in stoichiometric amounts to form the phosphor, firing the mixture in a furnace by heating to a temperature of about 1200.degree. C. to 1300.degree. C. at a heating rate of about 1.0.degree. C./min. to 1.5.degree. C./min. and maintaining the temperature for about 10 to 14 hours to react the components and produce luminescent material, cooling the material by turning off the heat to the furnace and allowing the material to remain therein until the temperature is no higher than about 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Vapor deposition crucible is provided at least twenty degrees from the central normal to a smooth surface of a screen on which luminescent material is to be deposited. During deposition the surface is rotated relative to the source to produce a layer having a regular structure and a good fill factor.

Abstract: The present invention employs a mechanical mixture of titanium dioxide and calcium oxide which is sintered and ground to produce a ceramic powder for application to a target of an X-ray tube. The powder is fused by baking the target at a predetermined baking temperature to produce a coating having an enhanced coefficient of emissivity. The required baking temperature is controllable by varying the proportion of titanium dioxide to calcium oxide. Baking time may be extended without degrading the coating by mechanically mixing zirconium dioxide to the sintered and ground ceramic powder prior to application to the X-ray target in order to enhance outgassing from the target substrate. The resulting coating on the target improves the emissivity thereof and exhibits and improved bond strength over coatings of the prior art.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making a rare earth oxysulfide phosphor resistant to hydrolysis. The process involves adding to a water slurry of the phosphor a sufficient amount of a source of silicon dioxide and a water soluble salt which can be an alkaline earth metal salt or a transition group IIB metal salt with agitation for a sufficient time to form a silicate coating on the phosphor with the cation of the water soluble salt becoming the cation of the silicate coating, the amount of the coating being sufficient to impart hydrolysis resistance thereto. The resulting silicate coated phosphor is then separated from the resulting liquor and heated at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time in ambient atmosphere to remove essentially all of the water therefrom and to produce the final hydrolysis resistant phosphor.

Abstract: A thick layer of CsI(Na) is heated to or slightly below its melting point. The CsI(Na) is held at that temperature for 7 to 10 hours and is cooled to room temperature, preferably in two steps. The resulting scintillation crystal is translucent or transparent.

Abstract: Rare earth oxysulfide phosphors and processes for creating the phosphors are disclosed.One process involves wet milling a material comprising a rare earth oxysulfide, removing soluble impurities, drying, forming a relatively uniform admixture comprising the dried material and aluminum oxide with the aluminum oxide content being from about 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent of the admixture, followed by heating the admixture at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time to form the phosphor.Another process involves the wet milling, soluble impurity removal and drying steps described above. The dried material is then dry milled without aluminum oxide, and heated as described above.Another process involves the wet milling, soluble impurity removal, drying, dry milling, and heating steps described above except that the material is dry milled with from about 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent of aluminum oxide.

Abstract: An x-ray tube target composed of a molybdenum alloy material such as TZM is coated with a mixture containing from 40 percent to 70 percent of TiO.sub.2 with the remaining material being a stabilized oxide. The coating is then fused to a smooth, glossy condition to provide an enhanced thermal-emittance surface that adheres well to the target substrate.

Abstract: An improved X-ray image converter is disclosed which utilizes a phosphor layer of plate-like rare earth oxyhalide phosphor crystals having said phosphor crystals physically aligned to improve light emission from the phosphor layer. More particularly, said phosphor layer is formed with the plate-like crystals being aligned generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of said phosphor layer at both surface regions while the intermediate phosphor crystals are aligned generally perpendicular to said longitudinal axis. Said improvement can be provided during formation of phosphor layer from a liquid suspension by introducing particular velocity gradients in the flow pattern of said liquid suspension.

Abstract: A phosphor screen good in quality without greatly lowering brightness can be produced on a cathode-ray tube faceplate by the settling process wherein there is used a suspension of phosphor particles which are susceptible to hydrolysis or dissolution prepared by using an alkaline aqueous solution having a pH of 10 to 13 and if necessary with a small amount of water glass, or the above-mentioned phosphor suspension is poured into a cushion solution having a pH of 10 to 13, said cushion solution being able to contain a small amount of water glass.