Abstract: An acousto-optic deflector includes an optical element having a surface with one or more steps formed thereon; a conductive layer formed on the surface with the steps; one or more crystals secured to each step; and electrodes positioned on each surface of each crystal.

Abstract: An embossed non-woven for the vehicle interior, includes: polyethylene terephthalate framework staple fibers; and polyethylene terephthalate binding staple fibers. A proportion of polyethylene terephthalate binding staple fibers is 5 to 50 wt. % based on a total weight of the non-woven. The polyethylene terephthalate binding staple fibers includes core/shell staple fibers. A shell of the core/shell staple fibers has low-melting co-polyethylene terephthalate having a melting point measured in accordance with DIN ISO 11357-3 (2013) in a range of 80° C. to 230° C.

Abstract: Cellulose materials and methods of making the cellulose materials are described herein. The method can include contacting a cotton fabric with an oxidizing system to obtain an oxidized cotton material and processing the oxidized cotton material to form the cellulose material. The oxidizing system can include an aqueous mixture of a N-oxyl compound and a hypochlorite compound. During oxidation, the p11 of the aqueous mixture can be maintained at from 8.5 to 11. Cellulose products can be formed from the cellulose materials. For example, the cellulose products can be used to form a packaging material, a biomedical device or implant, a drug delivery material, a fiber, a textile material, a template for electronic components, or a separation membrane. Methods of making the cellulose product include dissolving or suspending an active ingredient in a medium comprising the cellulose material.

Abstract: A first composition comprising a first ethylene/?-olefin/diene interpolymer and a second ethylene/?-olefin interpolymer, and wherein the first composition comprises from 0.1 to 1.0 wt % diene, based on the weight of the first composition, and wherein the first composition comprises from 40 to 70 wt % ethylene, based on the weight of the first composition.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for a sound insulating sheet member, a sound insulating sheet member, and a sound insulating structure body with excellent sound insulating performance. A sound insulating structure body including: a plurality of convex-shaped rubber-elastic resonant portions; and a sheet-like support that supports the resonant portions, wherein the resonant portions have a storage modulus G? obtained from a composite curve of dynamic viscoelasticity according to ISO 6721-4 of 100 MPa or less at 25° C. and 10 kHz, and the areal density of the support is 1.0 kg/m2 or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a bedding panel system comprising a bottom or fitted sheet with embedded channels throughout such that at least one or more modular top panels and cushions can be attached to create physical sleep chamber spaces and thus independent “sleep zones” for multiple occupants on a single mattress. A bedding panel system can have dimensions to fit any size mattress. Fitted sheet, modular panels and cushions can include several layered components with comfort or utility features that are customizable for each sleep chamber space. Top, middle and bottom layers of fitted sheet, modular panels and cushions may be comprised of various fabrics and materials desirable for sleep comfort. Middle layers of fitted sheet and modular panels can include items such as foam or gel padding, moisture resistant barriers, biometric sensors for measuring physical health and sleep quality, and hardware for heating and cooling.

Abstract: According to one aspect of an inventive concept, an ink includes a base catalyst, a sol gel precursor composition, and a block copolymer. According to another aspect of an inventive concept, an aerogel includes a three-dimensional printed structure having printed ligaments geometrically arranged, where an average diameter of the printed ligaments is in a range of greater than 0 microns and less than 50 microns. In addition, an average distance between a center of a first of the printed ligaments and a center of a second of the printed ligaments is at least equal to the average diameter of the printed ligaments, where the first and the second of the printed ligaments are adjacent. Each printed ligament includes of a plurality of random pores, where an average diameter of the random pores is less than 50 nanometers.

Abstract: A method for uniquely marking an object, wherein a random distribution of individual pigment domains is applied to a surface of the object, and wherein a list of distances of the individual pigment domains from one another is measured and stored in a database. Also a corresponding method for identifying an object by: capturing an image of the pigment domains, identifying the two-dimensional coordinates of each pigment domain captured in the image, determining the two-dimensional distance of each pair of two pigment domains and/or the angle of each triplet of pigment domains, storing the distances and/or angles determined in the step before in a list, storing the list in the database, the list enriched with meta-information about the manufacturing and/or finishing parameters of the object, applying a database identification as an information unit to the surface of the object, the information unit uniquely assignable to the database.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to flame resistant fabrics formed with inherently flame resistant fibers that provide the requisite thermal and arc protection, that have improved comfort, and that, in some embodiments, are less expensive than other fabrics formed with inherently flame resistant fibers. Improved comfort and lower cost can be achieved by predominantly locating the inherently flame resistant fibers on the front face of the fabric to impart the requisite thermal and arc protection and predominantly locating the more comfortable (and less expensive) fibers on the back face of the fabric positioned next to the wearer. In this way, overall protection of the fabric is maintained while improving comfort. Some embodiments of such fabrics may also achieve NFPA 70E PPE Category 2 protection.

Abstract: An additively manufactured lattice structure includes (a) a first three-dimensional lattice including a repeating interconnected array of a first lattice unit cell, (b) a second three-dimensional lattice including a repeating interconnected array of a second lattice unit cell, wherein said second lattice unit cell is different from said first lattice unit cell, and (c) a first transition segment interconnecting said first three-dimensional lattice and said second three-dimensional lattice. The first transition segment includes (i) a first three-dimensional transitional lattice including a repeating array of said first lattice unit cell and (ii) interleaved with and interconnected to said first three-dimensional transitional lattice, a second three-dimensional transitional lattice including a repeating array of said second lattice unit cell.

Abstract: Provided is a hemp and PBAT based biopolymer substrate as a replacement composition to various synthetic, or synthetic containing compounds, plastics. The substrate requires no specialized knowledge as known in the art, utilizes existing manufacturing equipment and methods of processing and contains no synthetic polymers. The substrate is biodegradable and compostable, and produces no micro plastic waste when discarded or by degradation. By selectively adjusting the ranges of the biopolymer substrate, various products with attributes of a myriad of plastic products can be manufactured according to their existing methods. The substrate is comprised of compounds from renewable resources and contributes zero greenhouse gas emissions at the end of a products useful life.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a low friction bearing liner for a solenoid may include a low friction layer. The low friction layer may include a first fluoropolymer matrix component and a first thermoplastic filler component distributed throughout the first fluoropolymer matrix component. The content of the first fluoropolymer matrix component may be at least about 1 wt. % and not greater than about 99 wt. % for a total weight of the first low friction layer. The content of the first thermoplastic filler component may be at least about 1 wt. % and not greater than about 99 wt. % for a total weight of the first low friction layer.

Abstract: An electrode active layer is disclosed that includes a network of high aspect ratio carbon elements (e.g., carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube bundles, graphene flakes, or the like) that provides a highly electrically conductive scaffold that entangles or enmeshes the active material, thereby supporting the layer. A surface treatment can be applied to the high aspect ratio carbon elements to promote adhesion to the active material and any underlying electrode layers improving the overall cohesion and mechanical stability of the active layer. This surface treatment forms only a thin (in some cases even monomolecular) layer on the network, leaving the large void spaces that are free of any bulk binder material and so may instead be filled with active material. The resulting active layer may be formed with excellent mechanical stability even at large thickness and high active material mass loading.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to fiber-reinforced composites, including carbon-fiber composites. These materials are useful in load-bearing components for mechanical systems, and other applications. Surprisingly, the carbon fibers can be aligned using an applied magnetic field applied directly to the carbon fibers, rather than to magnetic materials that are used to indirectly align the carbon fibers. For example, the carbon fibers may exhibit an anisotropic diamagnetic response in response to a magnetic field, which can be used to align the fibers. In some cases, the carbon fibers may be relatively pure, and/or have a relatively high modulus, which may result in diamagnetic properties. Other embodiments are generally directed to systems and methods for making or using such composites, kits involving such composites, or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymer including a polyvinyl alcohol main chain. The polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymer includes branched chains including structural units derived from the following monomers: (a) a fluorine-including ethylenically unsaturated monomer, (b) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, and (c) an ethylenically unsaturated amide monomer. The present invention also provides an aqueous binder composition, and an electrode slurry composition including the polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymer.

Abstract: A composite article includes a lightning strike protection coating on a composite substrate. The lightning strike protection coating is formed from electrically conductive material and includes protrusions spaced along the length and width of a portion of the substrate surface. To form the lightning strike protection coating, a form is pressed against electrically conductive coating material on the composite substrate while the electrically conductive coating material is flowable. For example, the form can be a release film used in a composite vacuum bagging process. Suitable release film can have depressions along an inner surface that define an imprint of the coating protrusions. After curing, the coating can be covered with a layer of paint that conceals the protrusions but still allows lightning streamers to penetrate the paint at the protrusions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed. In an example, a first node may trigger a scheduling request (SR) based upon an expected transmission from a second node which is a child node of the first node. The first node may determine a first SR configuration for the SR from a plurality of SR configurations configured to the first node.

Abstract: A single-crystal X-ray structure analysis apparatus capable of surely and easily performing a single-crystal X-ray structure analysis using a crystalline sponge, and an analysis method and a sample holder unit thereof are provided. There are provided a sample holder that holds a sample; a goniometer that rotationally moves, the sample holder 250 being attached to the goniometer; an X-ray irradiation section that irradiates the X-rays from the X-ray source to the sample held by the sample holder 250 attached to the goniometer, wherein the sample holder 250 comprises a porous complex crystal capable of soaking the sample in a plurality of fine pores formed therein, and the applicator comprises a space for soaking the sample in the porous complex crystal of the sample holder 250.

Abstract: A natural gas processing system is mounted on a mobile platform that is transported to a natural gas source, such as a well. The system supplies retentate gas to operate multi-fuel engines for wellfield equipment such as pumps, compressors, and drills. A liquid drain discharges contaminants. A separator, first and second coalescing filters, and a particulate filter remove particulate matter and fluid contaminant matter from the natural gas. A dryer removes water vapor from the natural gas. Dual membranes separate the natural gas into a retentate gas and a permeate gas. A first heat exchanger adjusts temperature of the natural gas entering the membranes. A second heat exchanger adjusts temperature of the retentate gas output. A thermoelectric generator powered by the natural gas supplies process electricity. A process control monitors and controls the natural gas processing system, including pressure control valves, temperature control valves, and emergency shutdown systems.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to fiber-reinforced composites, including carbon-fiber composites. These materials are useful in load-bearing components for mechanical systems, and other applications. Surprisingly, the carbon fibers can be aligned using an applied magnetic field applied directly to the carbon fibers, rather than to magnetic materials that are used to indirectly align the carbon fibers. For example, the carbon fibers may exhibit an anisotropic diamagnetic response in response to a magnetic field, which can be used to align the fibers. In some cases, the carbon fibers may be relatively pure, and/or have a relatively high modulus, which may result in diamagnetic properties. Other embodiments are generally directed to systems and methods for making or using such composites, kits involving such composites, or the like.

Abstract: An infrared reflecting fiber includes 76.0 parts by weight to 88.5 parts by weight of a carrier, 1.8 parts by weight to 4.0 parts by weight of an infrared reflecting composition, 2.5 parts by weight to 7.5 parts by weight of a titanium dioxide containing composition, and 6.0 parts by weight to 16.0 parts by weight of a color adjusting composition. The carrier includes polyethylene terephthalate (PET). When a content of 5.0 wt % to 7.5 wt % of the infrared reflecting composition and a balance of the carrier are mixed together to form a first fiber, a maximum infrared reflectivity of the first fiber is between 61% and 70%.

Abstract: A woven fabric formed of fabric fibers or threads coated with a hydrogel, wherein said hydrogel is not crosslinked or is partially crosslinked to the fabric fibers or thread, wherein the hydrogel has a number of excess reactive molecules that are available for a reaction with one or more molecules solvated in an aqueous solution, and wherein the reactive molecules of the hydrogel can reversibly bond with the molecules solvated in an aqueous solution, such that the reactive molecules of the hydrogel attract the molecules solvated in aqueous solution when the hydrogel coated fabric substrate is exposed to an aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a crosslinking agent, the preparation process and uses thereof, a hydrogel and a biodegradable cryogel including the crosslinking agent.

Abstract: Phosphorous containing compounds, epoxy resins thereof, and laminate composite structures thereof. The phosphorus containing compounds may have a structure according to formula (I): wherein, X is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a bivalent linear or branched alkylene group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms; RA is selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a napthyl group, and an aromatic phenol group; w is an integer of 1 to 9; R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from H, C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkoxy, and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; R5 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkoxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and Ar3; and Ar1 and Ar2 are independently selected.

Abstract: Methods of producing a graphic mesh for a solar module are described in which mesh parameters such as warp fiber thickness, weft fiber thickness, and open area size are determined to meet a target energetic efficiency and a chromatic effectiveness. In some embodiments, chromatic effectiveness is based on mesh count, where the mesh count is set according to a distance at which the mesh will be viewed when assembled into the solar module. The mesh has a plurality of warp fibers having the warp fiber thickness and a plurality of weft fibers having the weft fiber thickness, that are interlaced to form a plurality of mesh unit cells. A graphic appearance is printed into the mesh using a coloring substance, where the coloring substance is absorbed by the fiber material to form the graphic mesh.

Abstract: A method of impregnating voids of a sintered metal body having a porous structure with resin, the method comprising preparing a resin material that contains a defoamer containing hydrophilic or hydrophobic particles, defoaming the prepared resin material by reducing pressure of the resin material, applying the defoamed resin material onto a surface of the sintered metal body, impregnating the voids with the resin material by reducing pressure of the sintered metal body and the resin material applied to the surface of the sintered metal body so as to expel gas from the voids; and curing the resin material by heating.

Abstract: A device for converting electrical energy from electrically charged particles, which includes a positive electrode, the positive electrode includes a composition arranged in a plate shape, the composition includes a binding agent and a filler, wherein the filler is dispersed through the binding agent, and the filler includes at least titanium dioxide and activated carbon particles. The device further includes a negative electrode, arranged in a plate shape, the negative electrode includes a metal alloy, wherein the metal alloy includes aluminium, and magnesium. The device further includes a gas permeable insulator. The positive electrode, the gas permeable insulator and the negative electrode are stacked into a laminated structure. The gas permeable insulator is arranged as an intermediate layer between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

Abstract: A package structure includes a circuit substrate, a semiconductor package, a thermal interface material, a lid structure and a heat dissipation structure. The semiconductor package is disposed on and electrically connected to the circuit substrate. The thermal interface material is disposed on the semiconductor package. The lid structure is disposed on the circuit substrate and surrounding the semiconductor package, wherein the lid structure comprises a supporting part that is partially covering and in physical contact with the thermal interface material. The heat dissipation structure is disposed on the lid structure and in physical contact with the supporting part of the lid structure.

Abstract: Representative implementations of devices and techniques provide an exemplary protective enclosure system that includes a cover having a protective cavity. The cover includes a substrate layer and protective layer, with the protective layer comprising a radio-frequency-transparent polyurea. The cover is lightweight and can be installed with minimal manpower and equipment.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to develop and provide a fiber-reinforced composite material having an “elongation” feature in addition to a high strength and a high elastic modulus. Further, an object of the present invention is to address problems of brittleness and peeling in the conventional fiber-reinforced composite materials. A fiber-reinforced composite material containing the bagworm silk thread as reinforcing fibers is provided.

Abstract: Provided is a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane in which an absolute value of a difference in lightness between one principal surface and the other principal surface is 1.0 or more, where the lightness is lightness L* of CIE 1976 (L*, a*, b*) color space specified in JIS Z8781-4: 2013. The porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane may be colored black or gray. The porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane provided can have properties with a reduced coloring-induced deterioration.

Abstract: The shape-forming packaging material is a shape-forming packaging material including a heat resistant resin layer as an outer layer, a heat fusible resin layer as an inner layer, and a metal foil layer disposed between both the layers, and is configured such that a print improving resin layer is laminated on a further outer side of the heat resistant resin layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include batteries and other charge-storage devices incorporating sheets and/or powders of silica fibers and methods for producing such devices. The silica fibers may be formed via electrospinning of a sol gel produced with a silicon alkoxide reagent, such as tetraethyl ortho silicate, alcohol solvent, and an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing a silicone-based adhesive is disclosed. The method comprises: (1) applying a silicone composition (I) to one surface of a peelable substrate, and then forming a silicone layer (I) by curing or drying the silicone composition (I); and (2) applying a silicone composition (II) to a surface of the silicone layer (I), and then forming the silicone-based adhesive by curing the silicone composition (II). The silicone composition (I) contains a silicone resin. The silicone composition (II) either does not contain the silicone resin or if contained, its content amount is lower than that in the silicone composition (I). The method is useful for producing a silicone-based adhesive with low peel resistance from a peelable substrate even with a low modulus.

Abstract: An ion source with a target holder for holding a solid dopant material is disclosed. The ion source comprises a thermocouple disposed proximate the target holder to monitor the temperature of the solid dopant material. In certain embodiments, a controller uses this temperature information to vary one or more parameters of the ion source, such as arc voltage, cathode bias voltage, extracted beam current, or the position of the target holder within the arc chamber. Various embodiments showing the connections between the controller and the thermocouple are shown. Further, embodiments showing various placement of the thermocouple on the target holder are also presented.

Abstract: This inorganic fiber sheet contains a glass fiber as a main component, while containing 3 to 20% by mass of an organic fiber having an aspect ratio of 300 to 2000 with respect to a total amount of the inorganic fiber sheet.

Abstract: Sediment-control fences designed to withstand hydrostatic forces associated with elevated backwater against the fence are disclosed. The fences are made of anisotropic fabric having different mechanical properties such as strength and stiffness in the machine direction versus the transverse direction. The anisotropic fabric may include fibrillated yarns in one direction and monofilaments in another direction. The sediment-control fences may be used without the necessity of wire or chain-link backed supports that are conventionally used to resist structural failure due to hydraulic overtopping of the fences.

Abstract: Provided is a method for forming a multilayer coating film, the method being capable of forming a multilayer coating film having excellent chipping resistance, adhesion, and finished appearance. The method for forming a coating film uses a 3-coat and 1-bake system in which a three-layered multilayer coating film obtained by sequentially applying a first coloring paint (X), a second coloring paint (Y), and a clear coating paint (Z) onto an object to be coated is heated and cured at the same time, wherein the first coloring paint (X) and the second coloring paint (Y) contain a hydroxyl group-containing resin, and the clear coating paint (Z) contains a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (a) and an aliphatic triisocyanate compound (b1) having a molecular weight within a specific range.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced metal composite having a metal layer and a fiber layer which are arranged in a stack, and adjacent layers are fixed by bonding; the composite has a two-layered or three-layered structure, wherein one layer is closely adhered to another layer and the thickness of the layer is from 0.6 mm˜0.9 mm. Such structure changes the structure of the existing fiber metal composite characterized by generally having more than three layers, and greatly reduces the thickness of the composite while maintaining good mechanical properties. Also disclosed is an application of fiber reinforced metal composite in the field of luggage case manufacturing, providing two preparation methods for providing fiber reinforced metal case shell with simple and available operations.

Abstract: An animal leather fiber bundle, yarn, core-spun yarn and products with nanoscale branches is disclosed. The animal leather fiber bundle with nanoscale branches has an animal leather fiber body, which is a spinnable animal leather fiber body. The animal leather fiber body has nanoscale branches, the yarn is formed of animal leather fiber bundles with nanoscale branches, the core-spun yarn has a core yarn and a skin layer, the skin layer has animal leather fiber bundles with nanoscale branches, and the product is made of any one of the above. The disclosed structure has independent and separated nanoscale branches.

Abstract: A propeller includes a rotatable hub and at least two propeller blades coupled to the rotatable hub. Each of the propeller blades is formed from a combination of a first material having a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) and a second material having a positive Poisson's ratio (PPR). The first material and the second material can be layered or can be formed as a matrix with one of the first or second material embedded in the other. In a layered configuration, a layer of the first material is positioned between adjacent layers of the second material, and the layers can be connected by tabs of NPR material. The combination of the NPR and PPR materials improve the strength and impact resilience of the propeller blades compared to conventional materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates in part to a polymer functionalized with a bio-ionic liquid to form a gel electrolyte. The gel electrolyte thus formed is biocompatible and biodegradable. In certain embodiments, the electrolyte is used for making implantable 3D printed energy storage devices.

Abstract: In one aspect, a device may include a housing, at least one processor within the housing, storage accessible to the at least one processor and within the housing, and plural heat absorbers within the housing that may be spherical. Each heat absorber may include an outer shell and inner material. The outer shell may include a shape-memory material. The inner material may include phase-change material different from the shape-memory material. The melting point of the phase-change material may be lower than the melting point of the shape-memory material. The heat absorbers may be juxtaposed with one or more other components of the device to absorb heat from the one or more other components.

Abstract: A headgear assembly includes a strap of a first flexible material with an elongate edge, and a second flexible material folded around and running along the elongate edge. The second flexible material may be an elastic material. The second flexible material may also cover an intersection or joint in the first flexible material such that the first flexible material may be made from two flexible materials layered together or joined end to end.

Abstract: The apparatuses and methods described herein relates generally to the field of active agent (drug) release from surgical grafts useful for soft tissue reconstruction, regeneration, or repair. More particularly, described herein are surgical grafts for soft tissue repair that include active agent that is released over time while advantageously matching the biomechanical properties of tissue during healing and recovery.

Abstract: The present invention provides a prepreg for a coreless substrate and a coreless substrate and a semiconductor package using the prepreg, which can satisfy heat resistance, low thermal expansion, and bonding strength with a metal circuit at a level required for the coreless substrate. Specifically, the prepreg for a coreless substrate contains a thermosetting resin composition containing (a) dicyandiamide, (b) an adduct of a tertiary phosphine and quinones, (c) an amine compound having at least two primary amino groups, and (d) a maleimide compound having at least two primary amino groups having at least two N-substituted maleimide groups. Instead of (c) the amine compound having at least two primary amino groups and (d) the maleimide compound, having at least two N-substituted maleimide groups, (X) an amino-modified polyimide resin obtained by reacting them may be used.

Abstract: A coating method in which a first coating composition is applied to the surface of an object to be coated to obtain a first uncured coating film, a second coating composition is applied to the first uncured coating film to obtain a second uncured coating film, and the first uncured coating film and the second uncured coating film are then cured simultaneously by heating, wherein the first coating composition contains a hydroxyl group-containing resin component and the second coating composition contains an isocyanate component containing a triisocyanate represented by general formula (I) (in the formula, the multiple Y1 each independently are a single bond or a C1-20 divalent hydrocarbon group which optionally contains one or more selected from the group consisting of an ester group and an ether group, and R1 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-12 monovalent hydrocarbon group) and the above-mentioned hydroxyl group-containing resin component, is provided.

Abstract: An electrode active layer is disclosed that includes a network of high aspect ratio carbon elements (e.g., carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube bundles, graphene flakes, or the like) that provides a highly electrically conductive scaffold that entangles or enmeshes the active material, thereby supporting the layer. A surface treatment can be applied to the high aspect ratio carbon elements to promote adhesion to the active material and any underlying electrode layers improving the overall cohesion and mechanical stability of the active layer. This surface treatment forms only a thin (in some cases even monomolecular) layer on the network, leaving the large void spaces that are free of any bulk binder material and so may instead be filled with active material. The resulting active layer may be formed with excellent mechanical stability even at large thickness and high active material mass loading.

Abstract: An optical sheet includes a first wedge layer having a first refractive index and including a wedge-shaped prism pattern including an inclined surface having an inclination angle with respect to a plane defined by a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and a vertical surface extending in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, a second wedge layer disposed on the first wedge layer and having a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index, and a light blocking pattern disposed between the first wedge layer and the second wedge layer and including a first surface that contacts with the vertical surface and a second surface inclined to have the inclination angle with respect to the plane while contacting with the inclined surface.

Abstract: A composite material for dissipating the kinetic energy of an impacting object includes a strike face oriented to receive the impacting object and a protected face oriented to be proximate a user or a protected item. A first portion includes at least a first woven fabric layer and at least a Non-Newtonian Fluid (NNF) sheet. The first portion is disposed adjacent the strike face. A second portion includes at least a second woven fiber layer, and the second portion is disposed adjacent the protected face.