Abstract: A coated article is provided. A coated article includes a composite substrate made from carbon fiber and zirconium diboride. A chromium layer is deposited on the substrate. A chromium diffusing layer is formed between the substrate and the chromium layer. A chromium-nitrogen layer is deposited on the chromium layer. A iridium layer is deposited on the chromium-nitrogen layer opposite to the chromium layer, wherein the chromium-nitrogen layer includes a first chromium-nitrogen layer and a second chromium-nitrogen layer. The first chromium-nitrogen layer abuts the chromium layer. The second chromium-nitrogen layer abuts the iridium layer. The atomic nitrogen content in the first chromium-nitrogen layer gradually increases with the thickness of the first chromium-nitrogen layer. The atomic nitrogen content in the second chromium-nitrogen layer gradually decreases with the thickness of the second chromium-nitrogen layer.

Abstract: A housing is provided which includes an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate, an aluminum layer and a corrosion resistant layer formed on the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate in that order. The corrosion resistant layer is an Al—O layer. Then, La ions are implanted in the Al—O layer by ion implantation process. The atomic percentages of O in the Al—O gradient layer gradually increase from the side of Al—O gradient layer near the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate to the other side of Al—O gradient layer, away from aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate. Therefore the housing has a high corrosion resistance. A method for making the housing is also provided.

Abstract: Provided are a metal-resin composite having excellent adhesive strength, a method for producing the same, a busbar, a module case, and a resinous connector part. The metal-resin composite comprises a metallic member 1 including a metal with a high melting point of 500° C. or more, a resin member 2 being integrated with the metallic member 1; and an alloy layer 3 including a metal with a low melting point lower than 500° C. The alloy layer 3 is arranged between the metallic member 1 and the resin member 2, and has average surface roughness thereof in the range from 5 nm or more to less than 1 ?m at the interface between the alloy layer 3 and the resin member 2. Herein, a period of the unevenness formed on the interface of the alloy layer 3 is in the range from 5 nm or more to less than 1 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solar absorptive material for a solar selective surface of an absorber of solar radiation. The solar absorptive material comprises a dispersed metallic material and a receiving boundary through which the solar radiation is received. Further, the solar absorptive material comprises a first region and a second region. The first region being located at a position closer to the receiving boundary than the second region and the first region has an average volume fraction of the dispersed metallic material that is larger than that of the second region.

Abstract: In a method for applying a multilayer wear-resistant coating on metallic, optionally already coated, surfaces, the coating is composed of at least two anti-wear layers (5) and an intermediate layer (10) each arranged between two anti-wear layers (5). The intermediate layer (10) is comprised of a material composition containing the material of the anti-wear layer (5) and a further material, wherein the application of the intermediate layer (10) is effected with a content of the material of the anti-wear layer (5) decreasing over a first transition region (a) and a content of the material of the anti-wear layer (5) increasing over a second transition region (b), the content of the material of the anti-wear layer (5) in the intermediate layer (10) being selected to be at least 5% by weight in every point.

Abstract: Provided is a coated-surface sliding part having excellent adhesion of a hard coating, and a method for producing the same part. The coated-surface sliding part is a sliding part wherein a hard coating is formed by physical deposition on the surface of a base material formed from, by mass percent, C 0.5 to 0.8%, Si 0.1 to 1.5%, Mn 0.2 to 1.0%, Cr 8.0 to 13.5%, Mo and/or W 0.5 to 4.0% in terms of (Mo+ 1/2 W), and N 0.01 to 0.1%, with the remainder being Fe and impurities. The physically deposited coating is a titanium metal coating further covered by a diamond-like carbon coating. The method for producing a coated-surface part involves sputtering in order to apply the physically deposited coating, which consists of the titanium metal coating and then the diamond-like carbon coating which forms the surface layer, to the surface of the base material having the aforementioned composition. The base material is preferably subjected to argon gas bombardment prior to application of the physically deposited coating.

Abstract: A process for joining a stainless steel part and a titanium carbide ceramic part comprising: providing a SUS part, a TiC ceramic part, a Ti foil and a Fe foil; placing the TiC ceramic part, the Ti foil, the Fe foil, and the SUS part into a mold, the Ti foil and the Fe foil located between the TiC ceramic part and the SUS part, the Ti foil abutting the TiC ceramic part, the Fe foil abutting the SUS part and the Ti foil; placing the mold into a chamber of an hot press sintering device, heating the chamber and pressing the SUS part, the TiC ceramic part, the Ti foil, and the Fe foil at least until the SUS part, the TiC ceramic part, the Ti foil and the Fe foil form a integral composite article.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making a hot stamped coated steel sheet product, comprising the steps of pre-coating a steel strip or sheet with aluminium-or aluminium alloy, cutting said pre-coated steel strip or sheet to obtain a pre-coated steel blank, heating the blank in a furnace preheated to a temperature and during a time defined by diagram according to thickness, at a heating rate Vc between 20 and 700° C. comprised between 4 and 12° C./s and at a heating rate Vc? between 500 and 700° C. comprised between 1.5 and 6° C./s, to obtain a heated blank; then transferring said heated blank to a die, hot stamping the heated blank in the die obtain a hot stamped steel sheet product, cooling at a mean rate Vr between the exit of the heated blank from the furnace, down to 400° C., of at least 30° C./s.

Abstract: Coated components and methods of fabricating coated components and coated turbine disks are provided. In an embodiment, by way of example only, a coated component includes a substrate comprising a superalloy in an unmodified form and a coating disposed over the substrate, where the coating comprises the superalloy in a modified form. The modified form of the superalloy includes, by weight, at least 10% more chromium and at least 10% more of one or more noble metals than the unmodified form of the superalloy, and the modified form of the superalloy is substantially free of aluminum.

Abstract: Erosion- and impact-resistant ceramic coatings suitable for protecting surfaces subjected to collisions with particles, including nominally round particles that typically inflict impact damage and more aggressive irregular-shaped particles that typically inflict erosion damage. The ceramic coating is formed to have one of three compositions: at least one layer of titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) having a thickness of about 25 to about 100 micrometers; multiple layers of chromium nitride (CrN) and TiAlN, each layer having a thickness of about 0.2 to about 1.0 micrometers to yield a total coating thickness of at least about 3 micrometers; and at least one layer of titanium silicon carbonitride (TiSiCN) having a thickness of about 15 to about 100 micrometers. The ceramic coating preferably has a total coating thickness of up to about 100 micrometers, and is deposited by a physical vapor deposition process to have a columnar and/or dense microstructure.

Abstract: A component capable of being exposed to a plasma in a process chamber has a structure having an electroplated coating comprising yttrium-containing species. The electroplated coating can include zirconium oxide, or can have an oxide layer thereon. In another embodiment the electroplated coating comprises a first species and is coated with a second electroplated coating comprising a second species that is different from the first species. The electroplated coating is resistant to corrosion in the plasma. In another embodiment, the electroplated coating has an interface having a thickness with a first concentration gradient of an yttrium-containing species and a second concentration gradient of a second species. An electroplated coating having a layer comprising first and second concentration gradients of first and second metals can be formed by varying the concentration of the first and second metal electrolyte species in the electroplating bath to electroplate the coating.

Abstract: Embodiments of a thermal barrier system are provided, as are embodiments of a method for forming such a thermal barrier system over a gas turbine engine component. In one embodiment, the thermal barrier system includes a bond coat formed over a surface of a gas turbine engine component, and an yttrium-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coating formed over the bond coat. The yttrium-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coating includes an yttrium gradient layer having an yttrium content that increases with increasing distance from the bond coat.

Abstract: A non-oriented magnetic steel sheet contains, by mass %, C: 0.005% or less; Si: 2% to 4%; Mn and V: totally 11% or less; and Al: 3% or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein a Mn concentration (mass %) and a V concentration (mass %) in a thickness direction satisfy the following formula. 0.1<(XsMn,V?XcMn,V)/tMn,V<100, where XsMn,V: a sum of the Mn concentration (mass %) and the V concentration (mass %) at a surface of the steel sheet, XcMn,V: a sum of the Mn concentration (mass %) and the V concentration (mass %) at a center of the steel sheet, and tMn,V: a depth (mm), from the surface of the steel sheet, of a position where the sum of the Mn concentration (mass %) and the V concentration (mass %) is equal to XcMn,V.

Abstract: A layered coating is disclosed herein. The layered coating includes a chromium layer, an intermediate layer of chromium and nitrogen established on the chromium layer, and an outer layer of chromium and nitrogen established on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer has a gradually changing composition, wherein the chromium concentration decreases from an area of the intermediate layer adjacent the chromium layer towards a surface of the layered coating.

Abstract: An interface device is provided that is insertable at a junction between a first device comprising a first metal and a second device comprising a second metal that is dissimilar to the first metal. The interface device comprises at least one layer comprising an alloy of the first metal and the second metal and having a functionally gradient composition operative to reduce a galvanic effect between the first and second devices.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for forming an article with a diffusion portion comprises: forming a slurry comprising chromium and silicon, applying the slurry to the article, and heating the article to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient period of time to diffuse chromium and silicon into the article and form a diffusion portion comprising silicon and a microstructure comprising ?-chromium. In one embodiment, a gas turbine component comprises: a superalloy and a diffusion portion having a depth of less than or equal to 60 ?m measured from the superalloy surface into the gas turbine component. The diffusion portion has a diffusion surface having a microstructure comprising greater than or equal to 40% by volume ?-chromium.

Abstract: Steel sheet for container use able to realize superior corrosion resistance and canmaking ability, wherein at least one side of the steel sheet is provided with a chemical conversion coating film including a mixture of a zirconium oxide compound and a zirconium phosphate compound, the zirconium oxide compound is segregated at part or all of a region of 40 to 100% from the surface with respect to the total thickness of the chemical conversion coating film, and the zirconium phosphate compound is segregated at part or all of a region of 0 to 40% from the surface with respect to the total thickness of the chemical conversion coating film.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium adapted for high recording density and high data recording rate comprises a non-magnetic substrate having at least one surface with a layer stack formed thereon, the layer stack including a perpendicular recording layer containing a plurality of columnar-shaped magnetic grains extending perpendicularly to the substrate surface for a length, with a first end distal the surface and a second end proximal the surface, wherein each of the magnetic grains has: (1) a gradient of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field Hk extending along its length between the first end and second ends; and (2) predetermined local exchange coupling strengths along the length.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gradient thin film, formed on a substrate by simultaneously depositing different materials on the substrate using a plurality of thin film deposition apparatuses provided in a vacuum chamber, wherein the gradient thin film is formed such that the composition thereof is continuously changed depending on the thickness thereof by deposition control plates provided in the path through which the different materials move to the substrate. The gradient thin film is advantageous in that the thin film is formed by simultaneously depositing different materials using various deposition apparatuses, so that the composition thereof is continuously changed depending on the thickness thereof, with the result that the physical properties of a thin film are easily controlled and the number of deposition processes is decreased, and thus processing time and manufacturing costs are decreased, thereby improving economic efficiency.

Abstract: A ceramic, metal, or cermet according to one embodiment includes a first layer having a gradient in composition, microstructure and/or density in an x-y plane oriented parallel to a plane of deposition of the first layer. A ceramic according to another embodiment includes a plurality of layers comprising particles of a non-cubic material, wherein each layer is characterized by the particles of the non-cubic material being aligned in a common direction. Additional products and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A cross member made of sheet steel has a first region which underwent heat treatment, a second region which is not heat-treated, and a transition zone between the first and second regions. The transition zone is hereby defined by a width which is smaller than or equal to 50 mm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a functionally graded material shape (1) where a first material (M1) is fused with a second material (M2) through sintering and a method of production of said functionally graded material shape (1). Said first material (M1) has a first coefficient of thermal expansion (?1) and said second material (M2) has a second coefficient of thermal expansion (?2), differing from the first coefficient of thermal expansion (?1). The invention is characterized in that the shape (1) further comprises a third material (M3) adapted to, together with M1 and M2, create an intermediate composite material phase intermixed between the first and the second materials (M1, M2). Said third material (M3) has a coefficient of thermal expansion (?3) intermediate between the first coefficient of thermal expansion (?1) of the first material (M1) and the second coefficient of thermal expansion (?2) of the second material (M2).

Abstract: A plating member comprising a lead-free plating material is obtained by the present invention in a manner such that whisker formation on a plating layer 16 of the plating member can be suppressed and thus the plating member has good solderability. In the case of such plating member having, on the surface of a base material 15, a plating layer 16 comprising a lead-free material (Sn—Cu alloy, etc.), the plating layer 16 has a layer structure of two or more layers (a1 to a3), the average particle diameter of plating particles (P1 to P3) constituting each layer varies from layer to layer, and the plating particle volume fraction of the plating layer 16 is 80% to 90% when the proportion of plating particles occupying a unit volume is defined as a plating particle volume fraction of 100% on the assumption that a unit volume 20 is filled with plating particles P3 each having the maximum average particle diameter.

Abstract: A coating steel component with a pattern of an iron based matrix with crystalline particles metallurgically bound to the surface of a steel substrate for use as disc cutters or other components with one or more abrading surfaces that can experience significant abrasive wear, high point loads, and large shear stresses during use. The coated component contains a pattern of features in the shape of freckles or stripes that are laser formed and fused to the steel substrate. The features can display an inner core that is harder than the steel substrate but generally softer than the matrix surrounding the core, providing toughness and wear resistance to the features. The features result from processing an amorphous alloy where the resulting matrix can be amorphous, partially devitrified or fully devitrified.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hard multilayer film formed body which has an intermediate layer excellent in its adhesion to a base material and a DLC film which is a surface layer excellent in its wear resistance, prevents peeling from occurring between the DLC film and the intermediate layer, and is excellent in its wear resistance and a method for producing the same. A hard multilayer film formed body 1 consists of a multilayer film formed on a surface of a base material 2 consisting of a cemented carbide material or a ferrous material. The multilayer film has (1) a film, composed mainly of DLC, which is formed as a surface layer 5 of the multilayer film; (2) an intermediate layer 3, composed mainly of a metallic material, which is formed between the surface layer 5 and the base material 2; and (3) a stress relaxation layer 4, composed mainly of carbon, which is formed between the intermediate layer 3 and the surface layer 5.

Abstract: A cermet armor material for highly effective ballistic performance which is comprised of a layer of base metal in which is deposited a layer or layers of ceramic and a compatible metal such that the deposited metal in combination with the base metal forms a continuous matrix around the ceramic particles. The body has a structure which is continuously graded from a highest ceramic content at the outer surface (strike face) decreasing to zero within the base substrate, and contained no abrupt interfaces.

Abstract: In a deposition method of forming a compound layer including a metal and an oxide by a supercritical fluid deposition method, a first material for generating the metal and a second material for generating the oxide are supplied to a supercritical fluid. With an increase of a thickness of the compound layer, a ratio of a supplied amount of the first material with respect to a supplied amount of the second material is increased.

Abstract: A blade of a turbomachine such as a gas turbine includes a blade vane with a blade tip and a blade base. A blade tip armor cladding is applied on the blade tip. A coating covers at least the armor cladding and includes at least one multilayer coating system, and preferably plural such coating systems stacked repetitively on one another. Each coating system includes at least two different layers stacked successively on one another, with one layer of a metal material closer to the blade tip and one layer of a ceramic material farther from the blade tip.

Abstract: A joined body of dissimilar metals which is produced by joining a steel material and an aluminum alloy material, wherein the steel material to be joined has a specific composition and is specified in the compositions of outer surface oxide layer and inner oxide layer and the aluminum alloy material to be joined is an Al—Mg—Si-base aluminum alloy having a specific composition. In the joined body of dissimilar metals, a content of Fe at a joint interface on the aluminum alloy material side is regulated, and a reaction layer of Fe and Al is formed at the joint interface of the joined body of dissimilar metals. The joined body of dissimilar metals exhibits high joint strength.

Abstract: The present invention provides high strength thick steel plate superior in crack arrestability high in strength, free of deterioration of HAZ toughness, and free of anisotropy, that steel plate containing, by mass %, C: 0.03 to 0.15%, Si: 0.1 to 0.5%, Mn: 0.5 to 2.0%, P: ?0.02%, S: ?0.01%, Al: 0.001 to 0.1%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.02%, Ni: 0.15 to 2%, and N: 0.001 to 0.008% and having a balance of iron and unavoidable impurities as chemical components, having a microstructure of a ferrite and/or pearlite structure with bainite as a matrix phase, and having an average circle equivalent diameter of crystal grains with a crystal misorientation angle of 15° or more of 15 ?m or less in the regions of 10% of plate thickness from the front and rear surfaces and of 40 ?m or less in the other region including the center part of plate thickness.

Abstract: In a layered composite including a substrate comprising a number of individual layers disposed on the substrate, at least one of the individual layers includes cubic boron nitride formed by material deposition, the cubic boron nitride including oxygen added during deposition of the material.

Abstract: A cermet armor material for highly effective ballistic performance which is comprised of a layer of base metal in which is deposited a layer or layers of ceramic and a compatible metal such that the deposited metal in combination with the base metal forms a continuous matrix around the ceramic particles. The body has a structure which is continuously graded from a highest ceramic content at the outer surface (strike face) decreasing to zero within the base substrate, and contained no abrupt interfaces.

Abstract: The invention is directed to effective means for joining materials having dissimilar coefficients of thermal expansion, such as advanced ceramics with metallic compounds. Moreover, the present invention relates to furnace tubes and methods of fabricating a joint between two different materials, which is compositionally graded to provide a substantially graded coefficient of thermal expansion between the joint materials.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to cutting tools. The disclosed cutting tools may have a wear resistant coating on a substrate. The substrate may have hard particles cemented in a binder phase. The binder may have a near-surface concentration gradient of at least one platinum group element and/or rhenium. Processes for producing cutting tools are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plating film 50 including a nickel plating layer containing phosphorus and a gold plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer, wherein the nickel plating layer has a phosphorus content of 11 to 16 mass %, and wherein (3×?×100)/X is 10 or less, where X and ? are the average value and standard deviation of the phosphorus content in a surface of the nickel plating layer on the gold plating layer side, respectively; and a module substrate 100 having the plating film 50.

Abstract: This invention relates to an object having a corrosion resistant surface that is also sufficiently ductile to let the surface, or the whole object, be mechanically modified without creating cracks or other weaknesses undermining or damaging the corrosion resistance. The surface layer preferably contains at least 80% of a refractory metal, such as tantalum, and an alloy layer is created between a core element and the surface layer having the needed ductility and adhering abilities.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of making a functionally graded metal matrix composite (MMC) sheet having a central layer of particulate matter. The method includes providing a molten metal containing particulate matter to a pair of advancing casting surfaces. Solidifying the molten metal while advancing the molten metal between the advancing casting surfaces to form a product comprising a first solid outer layer, a second solid outer layer, and a semi-solid central layer having a higher concentration of particulate matter than either of the outer layers. Solidifying the central layer to form a solid metal product comprised of an inner layer sandwiched between the outer layers and withdrawing the metal product from between the casting surfaces. The method yields an MMC having a central layer enriched with particulate matter and sandwiched between metallic outer layers.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium adapted for high recording density and high data recording rate comprises a non-magnetic substrate having at least one surface with a layer stack formed thereon, the layer stack including a perpendicular recording layer containing a plurality of columnar-shaped magnetic grains extending perpendicularly to the substrate surface for a length, with a first end distal the surface and a second end proximal the surface, wherein each of the magnetic grains has: (1) a gradient of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field Hk extending along its length between the first end and second ends; and (2) predetermined local exchange coupling strengths along the length.

Abstract: A metallic material for an electrical electronic includes a CU-Sun alloy layer (2) provided on a conductive base (1). A Cu concentration of the Cu—Sn alloy layer gradually decreases from the base side to the surface (3) side.

Abstract: The dielectric device includes a substrate, a lower electrode, a dielectric layer, and an upper electrode. The lower electrode is bonded onto the substrate. The dielectric layer is bonded onto the lower electrode. The dielectric layer is obtained through thermal treatment of a film layer formed by spraying of a powdery dielectric material and a fine-particulate metal. In the thus-formed film layer, the metal is dispersed in the matrix of the dielectric material. Thermal treatment of the film layer causes migration of the metal in the film layer. This metal migration causes a lower-electrode-adjacent portion and upper-surface-adjacent portion of the dielectric layer to have different metal contents.

Abstract: Molten metal of a first composition is fed into a mold cavity, via a first control apparatus, wherein the control apparatus is open, wherein the feeding comprises flowing out of a first feed chamber. The first control apparatus is closed. A second control apparatus is opened. Molten metal of a second composition is fed into the mold cavity, via the second control apparatus, wherein at least a portion of the metal of the first composition in the mold cavity is sufficiently molten so that an initial feed of molten metal of the second composition mixes with the molten metal of the first composition in the mold cavity, wherein the feeding comprises flowing out of a second feed chamber, wherein the second composition is different from the first composition.

Abstract: A composite copper foil having three layers of a supporting metal layer, an exfoliating layer and a thin copper layer, wherein one surface of the exfoliating layer comprises, as a main component, an alloy of tungsten or an alloy of molybdenum and the other surface thereof comprises, as a main component, a metal oxide containing tungsten or a metal oxide containing molybdenum. The composite copper foil is free from undesired swelling, separation or falling of the supporting metal layer during heating and working at a high temperature, and the supporting metal layer can be exfoliated from the thin copper layer with case, after the heating and the working.

Abstract: A composite steel plate includes at least two steel sheets rolled to form a plate. One of the sheets has a composition that varies in a depthwise direction, between nanocrystalline and micron grained. The plate is made by treating a steel sheet to produce a composition in the sheet that varies in a depthwise direction of the sheet between nanocrystalline and micron grained, stacking the treated sheet with at least one other steel sheets and rolling the stacked sheets to form the plate.

Abstract: A composite article that can be used as a substrate for coated conductors is disclosed. The composite substrate has at least three layers in which one or more inner layers of Ni—W alloys with 9 at. %-13 at. % W and two outer layers of Ni—W alloys with 3 at. %-9 at. % W. The content of W element gradually decreases from the inner layers to the outer layers. The composite substrate can be prepared using a process of designing and sintering composite ingot, rolling composite ingot and then annealing composite substrate. The composite substrate have a dominant cube texture on the outer layer of the whole substrate which have a weaker magnetism and higher strength than that of a single Ni-5 at. % W alloy substrate.

Abstract: A connector includes a male terminal and a female terminal. At least one of the male terminal and the female terminal has an outermost surface layer formed of a metallic material as an alloy layer of Cu—Sn. The alloy layer of Cu—Sn has a concentration of Cu decreasing gradually toward a surface thereof. The metallic material for the connector includes the outermost surface layer formed of the alloy layer of Cu—Sn. The alloy layer of Cu—Sn has the concentration of Cu decreasing gradually toward the surface thereof.

Abstract: A coated article includes an article having at least one surface and composed of a molybdenum based refractory metal alloy base substrate, a niobium based refractory metal alloy base substrate or a silicon base substrate. A bond coat layer is disposed upon the surface. The bond coat layer includes a molybdenum disilicide base compound and at least one of the following: silicon nitride, silicon carbide or tantalum oxide. A process for coating the article includes the steps of applying upon the article's surface the aforementioned bond coat layer. A functionally graded material layer is applied upon the bond coat layer. The functionally graded material layer comprising molybdenum disilicide, mullite and at least one of the following: silicon nitride, silicon carbide or tantalum oxide. A thermal barrier coating layer is then applied upon the functionally graded material layer.

Abstract: Techniques and structures have been developed for providing lead-free column grid array interconnect structures. An exemplary interconnect has a body, a first joint, and a second joint, all having compositions off the eutectic composition in a ternary alloy system, the first joint having a ternary composition distinct from the body composition, and the second joint having a ternary composition distinct from the body composition and the first joint composition. The interconnect may be formed by solidifying a solder, having a Sn-poor ternary composition in the Sn—Ag—Cu alloy system, in contact with a column, having a Ag-rich Cu-deficient composition in the same system, and a bonding pad or bare substrate. A second solder, having a Sn-rich ternary composition, may be solidified in contact with the column and a second bonding pad or bare substrate. In some embodiments joints may be severed and reformed by remelting and resolidifying the lower-liquidus solder.

Abstract: The present invention provides a titanium material having high-temperature oxidation resistance at high temperatures above 800° C. and an exhaust pipe made of this titanium material for an engine. A titanium alloy contains 0.15 to 2% by mass Si, has an Al content below 0.30% by mass, and has equiaxial structure having a mean grain size of 15 ?m or above. The high-temperature oxidation resistance of the titanium alloy at high temperatures above 800° C., such as 850° C., is improved by means including adding Nb, Mo and Cr in combination with Si to the titanium alloy, forming equiaxial structure of coarse grains, creating acicular structure, Si-enrichment of a surface layer of the titanium alloy, and reducing impurities including copper, oxygen and carbon contained in the titanium alloy.

Abstract: The use of titanium-based materials in the manufacturing of gas turbines, especially of engines, and, in particular, of compressors is made possible in that a device is devised that protects the components (guide vanes, guide vane stages, rotor blades, rotor blade stages) that are subject to the action of titanium fire and/or FODs by employing a layer system that includes at least two layers, is situated on the surface of the components to be protected, and is bonded thereto, as the case may be, via an adhesion-promoting layer is disclosed. The outermost layer is ceramic; the layer that is subjacent thereto is of metallic nature. Additional layers can optionally follow, ceramic and metallic layers alternating with one another. Moreover, a method is provided for producing the device.

Abstract: To produce at least two bonded-together layers (11, 13; 11?, 13), it is proposed that the material of at least one of the layers (13) is melted and subsequently, by spray compacting with a spray cone (10, 10?), is applied to the other layer, which is moved in relation to the spray cone (10, 10?), in such a way that the material composite is thereby produced.