Abstract: The present invention provides a metallic article with at least one laser shock peened surface on at least a portion of the article and a plurality of volumetrically spaced apart laser shock peened protrusions extending into the article from said laser shock peened surface wherein the protrusions have deep compressive residual stresses imparted by laser shock peening (LSP). The invention may be further characterized by spaced apart circular laser beam spots on the surface from which the laser shock peened protrusions extend into the article such that the spots do not overlap.

Abstract: This invention relates to a multi-layer material that comprises a substrate made of aluminum, magnesium or their alloys, having possibly been subjected to a surface treatment, this substrate being provided with a coating comprising a tungsten based deposit and an under-layer--inserted between said substrate and said deposit--of a material having mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties intermediate to those of said substrate and said deposit. This under-layer is made up of at least one layer of a material chosen from among chromium, molybdenum, niobium, titanium, zirconium, their nitrides and carbides, solid solutions of carbon and of nitrogen in said metals, and steels and greatly improves the adherence of said coating to said substrate.The invention also relates to the anti-erosion, anti-abrasion, anti-wear coating comprising said tungsten based deposit and said under-layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an article of manufacture comprising: a substrate composed of a superalloy containing chromium and a base element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and nickel; and an enrichment layer containing chromium and placed on the substrate. Therein, the enrichment layer comprises a continuous matrix composed of a gamma-phase solid solution of chromium in the base element. The invention also relates to the manufacture of such an article. The article may in particular be a gas turbine component.

Abstract: A method through which we can synthesize Functionally Graded Materials (FGM). Such materials are made so that their composition changes gradually from one point to another, such as in the example of gradient index (GRIN) optical components. A novel aspect of our method is the imposition of a centrifugal force during the combustion synthesis of composite materials for structural, optical, or electronic applications, with the result that the composition and the particle size of the metallic (or ceramic) component changes continuously and across the thickness of the product. We have prepared such FGM as ZrO.sub.2 +Ni, ZrO.sub.2 +Cu and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Cu.

Abstract: A method of improving oxidation resistance of a platinum modified aluminide diffusion coating on a substrate involves electroplating the substrate with a platinum layer from an aqueous hydroxide based electroplating solution and aluminizing the substrate to grow the platinum modified aluminide diffusion coating on said layer. The electroplating solution preferably includes an alkali element and/or alkaline earth element that is incorporated in the platinum layer and in the aluminide diffusion coating formed thereon to significantly improve oxidation resistance of the coating.

Abstract: High temperature oxidation resistance of an aluminide diffusion overcoated MCrAlY coating system is substantially improved by CVD over-aluminizing the MCrAlY type overlay coating under CVD conditions that result in reduced concentrations of such tramp impurities as S and P in the aluminized MCrAlY overlay coating region of the coating system. The CVD aluminizing conditions yield an outwardly grown aluminide over-coat on the underlying MCrAlY type coating.

Abstract: A method for producing titanium alloy turbine blades comprising the steps of (a) forming turbine blades of titanium alloy through hot forging or machining, (b) cooling leading edges on tip portions of the turbine blades including covers thereof formed through hot forging or machining faster than blade main body after final hot forging or solid solution treatment, and (c) heat treating the cooled turbine blades. With this method, it is possible to manufacture titanium turbine blades in an economical fashion and obtain titanium alloy turbine blades superior in reliability by preventing erosion.

Abstract: The invention provides for a functionally-graded metal substrate that is made of at least two metal compositions, a functional insert and a surrounding body that surrounds the functional insert. In a preferred embodiment of the invention a functional insert powder composition of loose powder metal is placed in a compact of a surrounding body powder composition and both metal compositions are sintered in a sintering furnace to form a sintered part. The sintered part is infiltrated in part or in whole with a molten metal compound to produce a functionally graded metal substrate having a density of at least 90% of theoretical. A heat-generating component such as a chip can be attached to the metal substrate for use in microelectronic packaging. When the functionally-graded metal substrate has two discrete compositions of copper/tungsten the surrounding body which has a CTE that ranges from about 5.6ppm/.degree. C. to about 7 ppm/.degree. C.

Abstract: A laminated composite material, and a method of improving the surface hardness of laminated composite materials, wherein selected regions of the carrier material of the laminated composite system are treated with high-energy beams, and the temperature control is designed in such a manner that the rays penetrate into a maximum a 0.1-fold the entire thickness of the carrier material. The temperature increase in the region of the sliding material is a maximum of 80% of the melting temperature of the lowest melting constituent of said material. The laminated composite material with a rear steel substrate surface can be post-hardened. The steel substrate has at least in one part of the surface facing away from the function layer a level of hardness increased by a factor of 1.5 or more than at a depth which corresponds substantially to 0.1-fold of the thickness of the steel substrate.

Abstract: A coated metal-substrate disk for magnetic-recording applications is disclosed having a first coating selected from the group consisting of nitrides, carbides, or borides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten, or the group consisting of aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, or silicon carbide on the metal substrate and a magnetic-recording material coating on the first coating. The first coatings are applied by evaporative reactive ion plating or by reactive sputtering.

Abstract: A segmented abradable ceramic coating system having superior abradability and erosion resistance is disclosed. The system includes a duct segment having a metallic substrate, a MCrAlY bond coat on the substrate and a segmented abradable ceramic coating on the bond coat. The segmented abradable ceramic coating includes a base coat foundation layer, a graded interlayer and an abradable top layer for an overall thickness of preferably about 50 mils (1.270 mm). The coating is characterized by a plurality of vertical microcracks. By precisely controlling the deposition parameters, composition of the layers and layer particle morphology, segmentation is achieved, as well as superior abradability and erosion resistance.

Abstract: Process for bonding a copper substrate to a tungsten substrate by providing a thin metallic adhesion promoting film bonded to a tungsten substrate and a functionally graded material (FGM) interlayer bonding the thin metallic adhesion promoting film to the copper substrate. The FGM interlayer is formed by sintering a stack of individual copper and tungsten powder blend layers having progressively higher copper content/tungsten content, by volume, ratio values in successive powder blend layers in a lineal direction extending from the tungsten substrate towards the copper substrate. The resulting copper to tungsten joint well accommodates the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials.

Abstract: A component subjected to one or more of rolling, sliding, abrasion and bending contacts is disclosed. The component has a surface and functionally graded material (FGM) thermally sprayed on the surface to form an FGM coating. The FGM coating has a thickness and a plurality of material compositions. The FGM coating also has a plurality of elastic modulus profiles. Each elastic modulus profile consists of a plurality of elastic modulii at a plurality of corresponding points within that thickness. The elastic modulii are in the range from about 28 Mpsi to about 60 Mpsi. Optionally, there is also a plurality of carbon content profiles.

Abstract: A grinding rod chemistry enhances wearability and durability of a steel rod and comprises levels of carbon to achieve a surface hardness in excess of 55 Rockwell C and levels of chromium which achieve significant depth in the formed outer martensite shell. The grinding rod has a core greater than 99% pearlite with a hardness less than 45 Rockwell C and the end portions of the rod are soft and have a hardness less than 35 Rockwell C. The steel bar of the selected chemistry is treated by reheating to above its austenitising temperature, transferring with minimal cooling to an open tubular quench vessel while securing the bar in the vessel to minimize bar warping, introducing quench water into the inlet end of the vessel and passing the liquid through the vessel to ensure uniform heat removal. The outer martensite shell is tempered by allowing the bar to soak back after quenching.

Abstract: An alloy substrate is protected by a thermal barrier coating formed from a layer of metallic bond coat and a top coat formed from generally hollow ceramic particles dispersed in a matrix bonded to the bond coat.

Abstract: A ceramic coating layer which is not less than 70 .mu.m in the maximum height Rmax of its profile curves and not less than 45 .mu.m in the 10-point average roughness, or which is less than 650 HV in Vickers hardness is provided on a metallic substrate. A heat-resistant member of such composition is excellent in thermal fatigue resistance and keeps an excellent heat resistance for a long period of time. Quality of a heat-resistant member is evaluated by, measuring at least one of roughness and hardness of a ceramic coating layer on a metallic substrate. According to this method, it is possible to easily and accurately evaluate a thermal resistant life of a heat-resistant member.

Abstract: A nickel-base superalloy substrate includes a surface region having an integrated aluminum content of from about 18 to about 24 percent by weight and an integrated platinum content of from about 18 to about 45 percent by weight, with the balance components of the substrate. The substrate is preferably a single-crystal advanced superalloy selected for use at high temperatures. The substrate may optionally have a ceramic layer deposited over the platinum-aluminide region, to produce a thermal barrier coating system. The platinum-aluminide region is produced by diffusing platinum into the substrate surface, and thereafter diffusing aluminum into the substrate surface.

Abstract: A substrate (12) such as a superalloy turbine component is coated with a basecoat (14) of the type MCrAlY which also contains boron, where the amount of boron in the basecoat is in a concentration gradient where more boron is present near the top (16) than the bottom (20) of the basecoat (14) and boron is present in an average amount of over 0.50 wt. % throughout the basecoat cross-section (14) of the composite (10).

Abstract: Valve metal articles such as wire, sheet or powder having a second metal, preferably in a peripheral margin, prepared by coating the valve metal with a salt solution of the metal additive and heat treating in the presence of an oxygen getter to remove the oxygen from the valve metal and the anion of the metal salt to form the metal additive. For tantalum wire a preferred second metal is nickel. A preferred oxygen getter is magnesium. Nickel-containing tantalum wire is useful for enhance bonding to sintered pressed tantalum powder pellets in the production of electrolytic capacitors.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved thermal barrier coating system for a hot section component. The thermal barrier coating has a metallic bond coat and a ceramic top coat made of two constituents. The top coat is formed so that there is provided a graded interface between the monolithic layers of the two top coat constituents. This allows an increase in overall thickness of the thermal barrier coating which provides a higher thermal insulation for the component being protected.

Abstract: A functionally gradient material having desired characteristics without having any joining section is efficiently obtained by means of integration effected by a sintering treatment, the functionally gradient material comprising a metal part composition containing predetermined components based on a basic composition of tungsten and copper and a ceramic part composition containing predetermined components based on a basic composition of aluminum nitride and aluminum. Therefore, the metal and the ceramic are integrated into one unit without providing any joining section to give a high joining reliability and high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A copper alloy plumbing fixture containing interdispersed lead particles coated non-continuously on a water contact surface to resist the leaching of lead into potable water systems. The leach resistant fixture is prepared by immersing conventional copper alloys in a bismuth nitrate solution, selectively and non-continuously coating the lead dispersoid particles on the water contact surface with bismuth, tin or copper.

Abstract: An entry board for drilling small holes having a front surface layer made of aluminum or aluminum alloy to be disposed at the drilling inlet side and a back surface layer made of aluminum or aluminum alloy to be disposed at the drilling outlet side. The back surface layer is adhered or joined by clad rolling to said front surface layer. The hardness of the front surface layer is smaller than that of the back surface layer.

Abstract: A bond coat (20) of a thermal barrier coating system for components designed for use in a hostile thermal environment, such as turbine, combustor and augmentor components of a gas turbine engine. The composition of the bond coat (20) has graded thermal expansion properties that moderate the transition between a metal substrate (10) and a thermal-insulating ceramic layer (12) of a TBC protecting the substrate (10), while also reducing the service temperature of the bond coat (20) so as to reduce its rate of oxidation. Preferably, the bond coat (20) has multiple layers (20a, 20b, 20c), with the coefficients of thermal conductivity of the individual bond coat layers (20a, 20b, 20c) being very close to that of the substrate (10) in order to promote heat transfer from the outward layer (20c) of the bond coat (20) to the substrate (10).

Abstract: Skeletal columnar coatings with a well-adhered columnar having both intercolumn and intracolumn porosity are metallic alloys of catalytic elements and non-catalytic elements and are particularly useful in making catalytic surfaces, electro-active surfaces and self-cleaning surfaces.

Abstract: A soft magnetic alloy sheet has low residual magnetic flux density. The alloy sheet comprises a base element and an alloying element having a concentration gradient in a thickness direction of the alloy sheet. The alloying element is selected from Si, Al, Ni, Co and Fe.

Abstract: In a composite material manufactured by connecting a sintered body to a surface of a metal substrate, the connection strength under a high temperature is increased, stress relaxation in the composite material is attained, and the strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance are improved. The sintered body has a multilayer structure having layers with different compositions, i.e. compositions that vary or differ in a direction perpendicular to the connection surface, and the volume relation between the respective layers of the sintered body and the substrate is (substrate volume.times.0.2).gtoreq.(sintered body volume/number of layers), while the thickness of each layer is at least 0.2 mm and not more than 5 mm.

Abstract: Process for bonding a copper substrate to a tungsten substrate by providing a thin metallic adhesion promoting film bonded to a tungsten substrate and a functionally graded material (FGM) interlayer bonding the thin metallic adhesion promoting film to the copper substrate. The FGM interlayer is formed by thermal plasma spraying mixtures of copper powder and tungsten powder in a varied blending ratio such that the blending ratio of the copper powder and the tungsten powder that is fed to a plasma torch is intermittently adjusted to provide progressively higher copper content/tungsten content, by volume, ratio values in the interlayer in a lineal direction extending from the tungsten substrate towards the copper substrate. The resulting copper to tungsten joint well accommodates the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials.

Abstract: A cutting insert which comprises a rake face and a flank face wherein there is a cutting edge at the juncture of the rake face and the flank face. The cutting insert has a coating and a substrate wherein the coating is adherently bonded to the substrate. The substrate is a tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide wherein there is a zone of non-stratified cobalt enrichment beginning near and extending inwardly from a peripheral surface of the substrate. The bulk substrate has a porosity of greater than C00 and less than or equal to C02.

Abstract: A bond coat of a thermal barrier coating system for components designed for use in a hostile thermal environment, such as turbine, combustor and augmentor components of a gas turbine engine. The composition of the bond coat has graded thermal expansion properties that moderate the transition between a metal substrate and a thermal-insulating ceramic layer of a TBC protecting the substrate, while also reducing the service temperature of the bond coat so as to reduce its rate of oxidation. Preferably, the bond coat has multiple layers, with the coefficients of thermal conductivity of the individual bond coat layers being very close to that of the substrate in order to promote heat transfer from the outward layer of the bond coat to the substrate. By minimizing the service temperature of the bond coat while grading the thermal expansion properties through the coating system, a more spall-resistant coating system is achieved.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating member to be used for such as a member for a gas turbine comprising a metallic member comprising a super alloy mainly composed of at least one of Ni, Co and Fe, an intermediate layer composed of a MCrAlY alloy (M denotes at least one of Ni, Co and Fe) covering this metallic substrate, and a ceramic layer mainly composed of stabilized zirconia formed on the intermediate layer. A ceramic material having a higher melting point than zirconia is compounded in the ceramic layer as a member for suppressing a reaction sintering of the ceramic layer.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive material of the present invention has a structure in which many clusters are surrounded by a crystal phase of Cu and/or Ag, where each cluster has a grain size of 20 nm or less and composed of an amorphous phase containing at least one ferromagnetic metal element T as a main component selected from Fe, Co and Ni, and at least one element M selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo and W.

Abstract: To provide heat-resistant alloy members that maintain the resistance to corrosion at high temperature of the chromized layer formed on Ni- or Co-base heat-resistant alloys and which yet are improved in various mechanical properties. The improved Ni- or Co-base heat-resistant alloy member having a chromized layer that is characterized by having a chromium concentration of 25-80% and a thickness of 10-100 .mu.m. This member is produced by controlling both the vapor pressure of a chromium halide being used in chromization and the temperature therefor in such a way that the chromized layer being formed is adjusted to have a chromium concentration and a thickness within the ranges specified above.

Abstract: Corrosion of conventional refinery steels due to sulfur bearing, carboxylic acid containing hydrocarbon materials is minimized by forming on the surface of the steel a fine grain iron sulfide film where at least the steel surface is substantially all of a pearlite microstructure.

Abstract: A functionally gradient permanent magnet is formed as a slab of alloy comprised of a rare earth-transition metal-boron, and areas of a diffused transition metal positioned at points along the length of at least one surface of the slab of alloy.

Abstract: An environmental coating and a method for forming the coating on a nickel aluminide component designed for use in a hostile thermal environment, such as turbine, combustor and augmentor components of a gas turbine engine. The environmental coating includes a metal that has been diffused into the surface of the nickel aluminide component, and an aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the nickel aluminide component. According to this invention, the metal is one or more noble metals, chromium and/or an MCr alloy, and forms a diffusion region comprising noble metal-aluminides and/or chromium-aluminides. The environmental coating optionally contains up to about 1.0 atomic percent of at least one oxygen-active element, such as yttrium, hafnium, zirconium and/or cerium. According to the invention, the environmental coating need only consist of the diffusion region and the aluminum oxide layer, and therefore does not require additional environmentally-resistant layers (e.g.

Abstract: A composite magnetic member formed of a single material having a ferromagnetic section with high soft magnetism and a non-magnetic or the like section with sufficiently low magnetic (feebly magnetized or non-magnetic) and sufficient low MS temperature and a process for producing the member are provided. A composite magnetic member made of a single material of martensitic stainless steel including Ni having two sections of a ferromagnetic section having maximum permeability not less than 200 and coercive force not more than 2000 A/m and a feebly magnetized section having permeability not more than 2 and MS temperature not more than -30.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a magnetic disk includes the step of providing first and second cobalt alloy layers on a substrate. The first cobalt alloy layer is non-ferromagnetic, and the second cobalt alloy layer is ferromagnetic. The non-ferromagnetic layer is deposited on an underlayer. The non-ferromagnetic cobalt alloy provides a better crystal structure for depositing the subsequent ferromagnetic layer and thereby improves its magnetic properties. However, because the first cobalt alloy layer is not ferromagnetic, it does not adversely affect the magnetic characteristics of the disk.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a substrate and a magnetic layer, wherein the magnetic layer is an Fe--N--O magnetic layer, and a distribution of N density in a depth direction of said Fe--N--O magnetic layer has a maximum value N1 in an intermediate layer section of said Fe--N--O magnetic layer, and the maximum value N1 ranges from 20 to 50 at. %, and an area where a density value is equal to or more than half of said maximum value N1 ranges from 100 to 500 .ANG. in a depth direction of said Fe--N--O magnetic layer. The magnetic recording medium has an excellent C/N.

Abstract: An improved aluminide coating especially for heat resistant superalloy substrates. Slurry coating compositions of eutectic metal alloy powders and of non-eutectic metal powders. A process for coating the substrates and the coated metal parts. The coatings have improved resistance to developing cracks and to hot corrosion and oxidation.

Abstract: A longitudinal recording medium and a magnetic recording apparatus containing the same, comprising a substrate and a longitudinal magnetization film formed on the substrate containing grains of a Co-based alloy, and exhibiting an oxygen concentration distribution having two peaks as follows: a peak of higher oxygen concentration pertaining to grain boundaries of the longitudinal magnetization film, and a peak of lower oxygen concentration pertaining to grain interiors of the longitudinal magnetization film.

Abstract: A lithographic laser imageable thin film structure comprising a substrate having first and second surfaces. A vacuum-deposited metal layer is carried by the first surface of the substrate. A layer of semiconductor material is adhered to and overlies the metal layer. The metal layer and the semiconductor material have thicknesses which are selected to maximize absorption of laser energy impinging on the same.

Abstract: An assembly substrate includes a substrate (11, 31, 41), a composite layer (12, 32, 42) overlying the substrate (11, 31, 41), and an electrically conductive layer (13, 33, 43) overlying the composite layer (12, 32, 42). The composite layer (12, 32, 42) includes a first material having an as-deposited tetragonal crystal structure and a second material. The second material in the composite layer (12, 32, 42) reduces the susceptibility of the composite layer (12, 32, 42) to fracture under stress.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exchange coupling film having a stacked-film-structure consisting of a ferromagnetic film made of at least one material of Fe, Co and Ni, and an antiferromagnetic film, wherein the exchange coupling film made of a ferromagnetic material to which an element is added, is provided at the interface between the ferromagnetic film and the antiferromagnetic film so as to improve the lattice matching, which results in the enhancement of the exchange coupling force, and a magnetoresistance effect element including such an exchange coupling film as described above, and an electrode for supplying a current to the ferromagnetic film which constitutes the exchange coupling film.

Abstract: The sealing composition contains powders composed, by weight, of 70 to 90% of aluminium, 5 to 25% of silicon, 0 to 5% of silica and 0.1 to 5% of moderating metal, which are dispersed in a vehicle comprising an organic binder dissolved in a solvent and a mineral binder.It is applied to the faces to be assembled of a ceramic part and of a refractory alloy or superalloy part and the whole is heated in order to eliminate said vehicle and form between the two parts a layer of mullite syncrystallized with the ceramic.

Abstract: An optical recording medium capable of recording reproducing and erasing information wherein a pulsating phenomenon where dielectric layer provided on the top and bottom of the recording thing film layer are thermally expanded, and contracted through the recording.erasing so that an inferior phenomenon of moving the recording thin film layer along the guiding groove in the disc rotating direction is considerably restrained, whereby, uneven thickness in the recording thin film layer is removed, thus making it possible to prevent the signal quality from being deteriorated, and the repeating characteristics of the recording.erasing operations are exceptionally improved.

Abstract: A wire, generally made of steel and used to make composite elements of elastomeric material, is submitted to an electrodeposition process in an electrolytic bath for being coated with a zinc/cobalt alloy in which the average cobalt content is lower than 1%. In the coating thickness made of the zinc/cobalt alloy, different cobalt concentrations exist, that is a 1% to 3% concentration at the area close to the metal and a concentration as low as 0.5% maximum at the overlying area. Adhesion promoters for example consisting of cobalt neodecanate, added to the elastomeric material, promote the adhesion of said elastomeric material to the wire.

Abstract: A high temperature thrust chamber for spacecraft (20) is provided herein. The high temperature thrust chamber comprises a hollow body member (12) having an outer surface and an internal surface (16) defining the high temperature chamber (10). The body member (12) is made substantially of rhenium. An alloy (18) consisting of iridium and at least alloying metal selected of the group consisting of rhodium, platinum and palladium is deposited on at least a portion of the internal surface (16) of the body member (12). The iridium and the alloying metal are electrodeposited onto the body member (12). A HIP cycle is performed upon the body member (12) to cause the coating of iridium and the alloying metal to form the alloy (18) which protects the body member (12) from oxidation.

Abstract: A magnetic steel sheet containing, on a weight basis, 0.2 to 6.5% of Si and 0.03 to 2.5% of Mn, having a crystallographic texture wherein the density of aggregation of {100} planes parallel to the surface of the sheet is not less than 10 times that of non-oriented crystal grains, and having a demanganized layer in which the concentration of manganese decreases from the interior of the sheet toward the surface of the sheet, wherein the ratio between the concentration of manganese in the surface portion of the sheet and that in the mid depth portion of the sheet is not more than 0.90 and wherein the maximum ratio of reduction in the concentration of manganese within the demanganized layer is not more than 0.05 wt %/.mu.m. Magnetic characteristics of the magnetic steel sheet improved by adopting the average grain diameter 0.25 to 10 times the thickness of the sheet and by applying to the sheet a tension smaller than the elastic limit of the sheet in a direction parallel to the surface of the sheet.

Abstract: A process for the codeposition of a composite metallic coating comprising finely divided particulate matter dispersed within metallic matrixes and having a gradient in particle density distribution along the coating thickness. The established gradient ranges from a region of high density of particles to a region of lower density of particles along the coating thickness. The established gradient is affected by the deliberate change(s) in plating parameter(s) during the plating cycle.