Abstract: The invention relates to gelatins with improved gliding power, to processes for their preparation and their applications in particular in the manufacture of capsules.

Abstract: A modified gelatin obtained by reacting (A) a gelatin and (B) a compound which contains a nitrogenous aromatic ring having a mercapto group to form covalent bond with a reactive group in the gelatin, an introduction amount of the compound in the gelatin being 1.0×10−6 mol to 2.0×10−3 mol per 100 g of the gelatin.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion comprising tabular grains having a very small thickness with the main surfaces thereof having a very large surface area and being (111) face, is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a silver halide photographic element comprising a support and at least one gelatin containing imaging or non-imaging layer wherein during chemical processing the maximum swell of the layer is greater than the equilibrium swell.

Abstract: This invention relates to a silver halide photographic element comprising a support and at least one gelatin containing imaging or non-imaging layer wherein during chemical processing the maximum swell of the layer is greater than the equilibrium swell.

Abstract: A photographic film comprising a base layer and at least one emulsion layer, the emulsion layer having a melting temperature that is within 4 degrees centigrade of the incubation temperature used in an accelerated core-set test.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for modifying a water soluble polymer, said process comprising

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a water-soluble chain-extended gelatin subjecting a source a source gelatin having a first isoelectric point, in aqueous solution, to a partial crosslinking reaction to form a reaction mixture comprising a partially crosslinked gelatin having a second isoelectric point, filtering the reaction mixture, adjusting a pH value of the filtered reaction mixture to a value equivalent to the second isoelectric point ±1.5, and concentrating, drying and pulverizing the pH-adjusted reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention concerns Gelatin compositions for the use in pharmaceutical, veterinary, food, cosmetic or other products like films for wrapping food, aspics or jellies, preferably for predosed formulations like soft or hard gelatin capsules wherein the gelatin used is of non-bovine and non-pig origin and preferably derived from fish, poultry or plant sources. Especially preferred are film compositions for hard gelatine capsules prepared from fish gelatin.

Abstract: A method for producing a silver halide photographic emulsion comprises a step of spectrally sensitizing a silver halide photographic emulsion material that contains tabular silver halide grains having an aspect ratio of 3 or more in an amount of 50% or more of the total projected area of all the silver halide grains, and a step of performing the spectral sensitization by the addition of a cyanine dye in an amount of 60% or more of the saturated covering amount of the silver halide grains, and the emulsion is produced in the presence of 400 to 2,500 ppm of calcium ions and/or 50 to 2,500 ppm of magnesium ions.

Abstract: A method of cooling a photographic coating composition in a sol state is disclosed. The composition that includes photographic emulsion, an emulsified material or gelatin solution, or comprising combinations thereof is continuously cooled by employing heat exchanger, and after being transformed into a gel state, the resulting product is placed into a storage vessel.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver halide color photographic material and a method for forming a color photographic image by processing said color photographic material with a color developer substantially free from sulfite. Said color photographic material comprises the uppermost non-photosensitive colloid layer of photographic constitutional layers containing a dispersion obtained by emulsifying and dispersing a solution containing at least one ultraviolet-absorbing agent represented by the following formula (I) or (II) and at least one water-insoluble polymer compound, and a gelatin having an isoelectric point of 6.0 or over: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, or an acylamino group; R.sub.4 and R.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed an aluminum lithographic printing plate material which comprises an aluminum substrate, a silver halide emulsion layer and a physical development nuclei layer between the aluminum substrate and the silver halide emulsion layer, said silver halide emulsion layer contains photographic gelatin and gelatin having a weight average molecular weight of about 50,000 or less is contained in said silver halide emulsion layer and/or under said layer.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive emulsion is disclosed comprised of silver halide grains (a) containing greater than 50 mole percent chloride, based on silver, (b) having greater than 50 percent of their surface area provided by {100} crystal faces, and (c) having a central portion accounting for from 95 to 99 percent of total silver and containing two dopants selected to satisfy each of the following class requirements: (i) a hexacoordination metal complex which satisfies the formula (I)[ML.sub.6 ].sup.nwherein n is zero, -1, -2, -3 or -4; M is a filled frontier orbital polyvalent metal ion, other than iridium; and L.sub.6 represents bridging ligands which can be independently selected, provided that least four of the ligands are anionic ligands, and at least one of the ligands is a cyano ligand or a ligand more electronegative than a cyano ligand; and (ii) an iridium coordination complex containing a thiazole or substituted thiazole ligand.

Abstract: A process is disclosed of conducting in a single reaction vessel selective site high chloride epitaxy deposition as a continuation of host high bromide {1111} tabular grain emulsion precipitation. A host tabular grain emulsion is precipitated accounting for 0.05 to 1.5 moles of silver per liter of dispersing medium. Any iodide at the major faces of the tabular grains is uniformly distributed and any iodide in a surface region of the grains amounts to less than 7 mole, based on silver in the surface region. Until epitaxy is formed, pH is held in the range of 3 to 8. Gelatino-peptizer in an amount of 1 to 40 grams per Ag mole is added to the emulsion. Chloride ion in a range of from 0.03 to 0.15 mole per liter is dispersed in the emulsion. pBr is held in the range of from 3.0 to 3.8 until epitaxy is formed. Iodide ion in a concentration of from 5.times.10.sup.-6 to 1.times.10.sup.-4 mole per square meter of grain surface area is uniformly adsorbed to the major surfaces of the tabular grains.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing an emulsion having grains rich in silver bromide in the presence of gelatin as a protective colloid in a reaction vessel wherein a yield of more than 250 g of precipitated silver nitrate per liter of reaction vessel mixture is attained, wherein at least 70% of a total projected area of all grains is provided by {111} tabular grains having an average aspect ratio of more than 2:1 and an average thickness of from 0.05 up to 0.30 .mu.

Abstract: A method has been described for preparing a light-sensitive silver halide photographic emulsion comprising performing at least three distinct precipitation steps in an aqueous medium into a reaction vessel, followed by desalting by means of flocculation and washing or by means of ultrafiltration, said emulsion comprising a colloidally stabilizing binder and {100} tabular silver halide grains containing at least 50 mole % of silver chloride, wherein at least 60% by number of all grains is provided by said tabular grains, and wherein said tabular grains exhibit an average aspect ratio of at least 2, an average thickness of at most 0.25 .mu.m with a variation coefficient of at most 0.25, and an average equivalent circular crystal diameter of 0.3 .mu.m or more with a variation coefficient of at most 0.

Abstract: A method has been described of preparing a photosensitive emulsion comprising tabular silver halide grains rich in silver bromide, having {100} major faces and an aspect ratio more than 1.5, wherein at least 50% of the projected area of all grains is provided by said {100} tabular grains, said method comprising the step of running in a reaction vessel an aqueous silver salt solution and an aqueous alkali halide solution rich in alkali bromide, characterized in that before starting running said reaction vessel comprises in an aqueous solution of gelatin an amount of amino-modified polyvinyl alcohol as an aqueous soluble polymer.

Abstract: The present invention is an imaging element which includes a support, an image-forming layer superposed on the support and an electrically-conductive layer superposed on the support. The electrically-conductive layer contains a modified gelatin binder and an electrically-conductive polymer. The modified gelatin is a graft copolymer of gelatin and a vinyl polymer having acid functionality.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver halide photosensitive material comprising a support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon. The photosensitive layer comprises at least a photosensitive silver halide emulsion, a developing agent, a compound which forms a dye by a coupling reaction with an oxidized form of the developing agent, and a binder.

Abstract: A method for producing a silver halide emulsion in which grains having an aspect ratio of from 1.5 to 100 occupy from 75 to 100% of the total projected area of all grains comprising at least nucleation, ripening and grain growth processes in a dispersion medium solution containing water and a dispersion medium, wherein the dispersion medium solution contains low molecular weight gelatin having a molecular weight of from 1,000 to 70,000 at least during a nucleation process and chemically modified gelatin having a chemical modification rate of the amino group of from 15% to 100% at least during a grain growth process.

Abstract: A method for producing a light-sensitive silver halide photographic emulsion is disclosed, comprising (a) a step of forming silver halide grain nuclei containing twin grain nuclei in a dispersion medium solution, (b) a step of ripening said grain nuclei to preferentially remain tabular grain nuclei, and (c) a step of growing said tabular grain nuclei into tabular grains to form a tabular silver halide grain, wherein in step (a), a silver halide nucleus having a chloride content of 10 mol % or more based on the amount of silver contained in the nucleus is formed, and the tabular silver halide grain obtained through steps (a), (b) and (c) has a Br content of 50 mol % or more based on the total silver amount.

Abstract: A process for making a direct dispersion of a photographically useful material is discloses comprising: mixing (i) an aqueous phase comprising a gelatin solution and (ii) a liquid organic phase comprising a photographically useful material under conditions of high shear or turbulence to form a fine dispersion of the organic phase having an average particle size of less than 0.5 micron dispersed in the aqueous phase; wherein the gelatin solution comprises a mixture of a first gelatin having an isoelectric point pH of less than or equal to 5.2 and a second gelatin having an isoelectric point pH of greater than or equal to 6.0. In accordance with the invention, the use of blends of a first gelatin having an pI of less than or equal to 5.2, such as a conventional lime processed gelatin, and a second gelatin having an pI of greater than or equal to 6.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photographic recording material comprising a support and a photosensitive chemically sensitized silver halide emulsion layer, containing a sensitizing dye selected from the group consisting of oxonal dyes, merocyanine dyes, and cyanine dyes having a net negative charge, and which has a pH value between about 2 to about 5 and a pAg value between about 1 to about 4.7.

Abstract: Recording materials and a method of manufacturing said materials by coating hydrophilic colloidal layer compositions on a support by slide-hopper or curtain-coating techniques, followed by drying, said materials comprising a support and one or more light-sensitive and/or heat-sensitive layer(s) having a hydrophilic colloidal coating composition comprising no gelatin(in the case of (photo)thermographic materials) or gelatin in low amounts in order to provide a ratio by weight of gelatin to silver halide expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate in the range from 0.05 to 0.4 (in the case of a light-sensitive silver halide photographic material) and thickening agents composed of synthetic clay and anionic macromolecular polyelectrolytes and wherein said synthetic clay is present in an amount of at least 85% by weight versus a total amount of thickening agents.

Abstract: A process for producing tabular silver halide grains in a dispersion medium solution, wherein the dispersion medium comprises a gelatin derivative containing at least two carboxyl groups (--COOH) which are newly introduced through chemical modification of amino groups (--NH.sub.2) of gelatin molecule, thereby monodisperse tabular silver halide grains small in thickness and large in aspect ratio are provided.

Abstract: A process of preparing a radiation-sensitive silver halide emulsion is disclosed in which the silver halide grains form dispersed clumps. A population of fine silver halide grains is precipitated at higher concentrations than previously taught for preparing this type of an emulsion by employing a peptizer limited in amount, limited in methionine content, or both. Following formation of the grains, they are aggregated into clumps by the addition of a surfactant, optionally assisted by the adding iodide, increasing pH or both. The grain clumps are stabilized against further aggregation by adding a high methionine peptizer and optionally assisted by the precipitation of additional silver halide.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a polyester film support in which the surface has been subjected to an energetic treatment with nitrogen plasma to produce amine groups on the polyester surface. The treated surface is then coated with a dilute solution of amine reactive hardener and gelatin. After drying the hardener/gelatin coated support a photographic emulsion is coated on the surface. The resulting film element has excellent adhesion of the photographic emulsion after photoprocessing, and it is safer to coat and handle than previously known methods involving grafting of hardener directly to the support.

Abstract: A silver iodide fine grain emulsion comprising a dispersion medium and fine grains of silver iodide has an average grain size of 0.02 to 0.07 .mu.m, contains 0.6 mol or more of silver iodide per liter thereof in a dissolved state at 40.degree. C., and has an electric conductivity of 4,500 to 15,000 .mu.S/cm in a dissolved state at 40.degree. C. A lightsensitive silver halide emulsion produced by using the above silver iodide fine grain emulsion is also disclosed. A silver halide photographic lightsensitive material comprising a support and, superimposed thereon, at least one lightsensitive silver halide emulsion layer in which the above lightsensitive silver halide emulsion is contained, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a photographic element including a support, at least one silver halide emulsion layer superposed on said support; and at least one auxiliary layer. The auxiliary layer includes a gelatin-grafted-polyurethane which is formed by coating and subsequent drying of a coating composition comprising gelatin covalently bound to a polyurethane through a grafting agent, wherein a ratio of gelatin to polyurethane is from 1:10 to 2:1.

Abstract: A photographic material comprising a cassette containing a processed photographic element, the photographic element comprising a support, at least one light sensitive silver halide layer and a protective overcoat layer on the light sensitive layer, the protective overcoat layer comprising a hydrophilic binder and permanent matte particles, the permanent matte particles comprising greater than 80 mole percent methyl methacrylate and having a mean particle size of from 1 to 1.8 .mu.m and a coating weight of from 70 to 250 mg/m.sup.2.

Abstract: The present invention is a silver halide photographic material including at least one layer which contains; a polymer comprising as constituent components thereof a repeating unit having a photographically useful group and at least one repeating unit having an imidazole group; and a compound having at least one functional group which reacts with an imidazole group and at least one other functional group capable of reacting with an imidazole group and a primary amine group, the amount of the compound being sufficient to insure adequate fixation of said polymer.

Abstract: The present invention is a motion picture film which includes a support having, in order, on one side thereof an antihalation undercoat and at least one silver halide emulsion layer and having, in order, on the opposite side thereof an antistatic layer and a protective overcoat. The protective overcoat includes a polyurethane binder having a tensile elongation to break of at least 50% and a Young's modulus measured at a 2% elongation of at least 50000 lb/in.sup.2, and a topcoat farthest from the support. The topcoat is formed by the coating and subsequent drying of a coating composition comprising gelatin-grafted polyurethane comprising gelatin covalently bound to a polyurethane through a grafting agent, wherein the ratio of gelatin to polyurethane is from 1:10 to 2:1.

Abstract: A process is disclosed of precipitating high chloride {100 } tabular grain emulsions having an average tabular grain thickness of less than 0.3 micrometer. Higher average grain equivalent circular diameters and aspect ratios are realized by employing a gelatino-peptizer during at least a portion of the precipitation that satisfies the formula:(Pro+Hypro).div.(Ser+Thr)=<4.0wherein Pro, Hypro, Ser and Thr represent the proline, hydroxyproline, serine, and threonine amino acid components, respectively, of the gelatino-peptizer. When the formula satisfying gelatino-peptizer is present during grain nucleation and contains at least 40 micromoles of methionine per gram of gelatino-peptizer, the high chloride {100} tabular grains account for a high proportion of total grain projected area. When the formula satisfying gelatino-peptizer is present during grain growth and contains <4 micromoles of methionine per gram of gelatino-peptizer, the time required to prepare the emulsion is reduced.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of preparing of a photographic silver halide emulsion comprising precipitating in one or more precipitation steps in a reaction vessel, followed by desalting by means of flocculation and washing or by means of ultrafiltration, said emulsion comprising gelatin as a binder and {100} tabular silver halide grains containing at least 50 mole % of chloride, wherein at least 40% by number of all grains is provided by said tabular grains, and wherein said tabular grains exhibit an average aspect ratio of at least 2, an average thickness of at most 0.5 .mu.m, and an average equivalent circular crystal diameter of 0.3 .mu.m or more, characterized in that during said precipitation step(s) said gelatin binder present in said reaction vessel is substantially free of calcium ions and is oxidized to a degree in order to have a methionine content of at most 4000 ppm.

Abstract: A photographic element comprises an ultraviolet ray absorbing polyester support bearing a light-sensitive silver halide photographic emulsion layer, the support having adjacent thereto one or more contiguous non imaging layers between the support and the closest silver halide photographic emulsion layer said one or more contiguous layers containing a combined gelatin laydown of 2.3 g/m.sup.2 or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solution for forming silver halide emulsions comprising water, a gelatin containing less than 30 micromoles of methionine per gram of gelatin, and at least one antifoamant of Formula I(H.sub.3 C).sub.3 Si--(OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.2).sub.m --OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3wherein m is the average number of dimethyl siloxane units.

Abstract: An improved method for increaseing the hardening in a photographic element is described. The hardener is an imidazolium compound of formula: ##STR1## and the imidazolium is used in conjunction with a hardening accelerator defined by: ##STR2## the substituents are listed in the specification.

Abstract: A photographic silver halide material having a support and at least one layer which is deposited thereon and which contains a polypeptide, at least 90 mole % of which consists of structural units of formula I, ##STR1## where R represents OH, NH.sub.2, NHR.sub.1, NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, NH-- or NR.sub.1 --R.sub.1, R.sub.2 represent a hydrocarbon radical, which is optionally substituted,R.sub.4 represents NH or N--, andm represents 0 or 1,wherein the bond between two structural units of formula I is always an --N--C bond and m is equal to 1 in 2 to 35% of the structural units of formula I, is characterised by improved photographic properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver halide photographic light sensitive material comprising a support and provided thereon, a light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and a non-light sensitive hydrophilic binder layer, wherein at least one of the light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and the non-light sensitive hydrophilic binder layer contains tabular silica particles covered with a hardened gelatin layer.

Abstract: It is known to wash dispersion noodles in a `batchwise` fashion in which the noodles are retained in a kettle or kettle and water is sprayed onto the surface of the noodles. Agitation is achieved by bubbling air into the kettle from the bottom. Described herein is a method and apparatus for continuously washing dispersion noodles. The apparatus includes continuous pipe work in which the noodles are washed, the pipe work including at least one separating device (10) for separating the noodles from the water in which they have been washed. The device (10) comprises a housing (12) having an inlet (14) and an outlet (16). A separating element (22) is located in the housing (12) between the inlet (14) and the outlet (16) and is surrounded by a collection chamber (24), the element (22) comprising a tube of mesh material through which water passes into the collection chamber (24) and which is then drained off through drain (32).

Abstract: A photographic silver halide color print material comprising a support and yellow, magenta and cyan dye image forming layer units comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer and at least one dye image-forming coupler which material contains a total silver halide coating weight less than 150 mg/m.sup.2 (as silver) and wherein the grain size (average volume in cubic microns) of the emulsion(s) is less than 1.0 (.mu.m).sup.3 in the yellow image forming unit and less than 0.125 (.mu.m).sup.3 in the magenta image forming unit and wherein each layer unit of the material has a dye image-forming efficiency (E) under conditions of use of above 30 where: ##EQU1## wherein the emulsion(s) of the cyan dye image forming layer unit have a silver coating weight less than 50 mg/m.sup.2, and an average grain size less than 0.064 (.mu.m).sup.

Abstract: The invention describes silver halide packet emulsion grains or crystals that are conventionally precipitated using gelatin of a given isoelectric pH, surrounded by a layer of gelatin-grafted-polymer particles wherein the grafted gelatin has a different isoelectric pH and the said gelatin-grafted-polymer particles are optionally chemically bonded to the gelatin surrounding the silver halide microcrystals. Such packet emulsions can form the basis for a mixed-packet color photographic system.

Abstract: Spectral properties of dye images produced from low silver halide coverage materials are improved by using dyes which are formed in the magenta, yellow and cyan image dye-forming units. These dyes have certain spectral characteristics, as determined by their unwanted absorptions, in combination with certain silver halide emulsion grain characteristics in each emulsion layer. In particular, reduction of unwanted absorptions can be achieved either with couplers per se which meet these characteristics or by the use of certain high-boiling solvents in the coupler dispersions at preferred levels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photographic element comprising at least one layer comprising at least one substituted hydroquinone and adjacent said at least one layer comprising substituted hydroquinone, at least one layer comprising coupler Magenta-1 ##STR1## wherein R.sub.a and R.sub.b independently represent H or a substituent; R.sub.c is a substituent; X is hydrogen or a coupling-off group; and Z.sub.a, Z.sub.b, and Z.sub.c are independently a substituted methine group, .dbd.N--, .dbd.C--, or --NH--, provided that one of either the Z.sub.a --Z.sub.b bond or the Z.sub.b --Z.sub.c bond is a double bond and the other is a single bond, and when the Z.sub.b --Z.sub.c bond is a carbon-carbon double bond, it may form part of an aromatic ring, and at least one of Z.sub.a, Z.sub.b, and Z.sub.c represents a methine group connected to the group R.sub.b, wherein the ratio of gelatin to organic component in said layer comprising magenta 1 is greater than 1.

Abstract: Stable photographic coating compositions comprising a polymer latex are prepared by mixing an aqueous solution comprising gelatin with a latex dispersion of a polymer of the formula(A).sub.x (B).sub.y (C).sub.zwhereA and B are formed from nonionic monomers,C is formed from anionic monomers, andx, y and z are monomer weight fractions where x=0 to 1.0, y=0 to 1.0, x+y=about 0.98 to 1.0, and z=0 to about 0.02,wherein A, B, x and y are such that latex dispersions of polymers of the formula (A).sub.x (B).sub.y have calcium ion critical coagulation concentrations of less than 80 mM Ca.sup.+2 in gelatin solutions,wherein the gelatin of the aqueous solution mixed with the latex dispersion comprises a gelatin of low calcium ion content such that the coating composition has a calcium Ca.sup.2+ concentration of less than 2 mM. The method of the invention allows for the preparation of aqueous gelatin coating solutions comprising latex dispersions of polymers which are unstable in the presence of calcium ions.

Abstract: A photographic element is disclosed comprised of a layer containing radiation-sensitive silver halide grains and a vehicle which can be chill set and is in part derived from gelatin and in part derived from water dispersible starch.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imaging element comprising in the order given on a hydrophilic surface of a support (i) an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei, (ii) a photosensitive layer containing one or more silver halide emulsions being in water permeable relationship with said image receiving layer, characterized in that said one or more silver halide emulsions comprise substantially no silver bromide and that said imaging element comprises on top of said photosensitive layer an antistress layer, being in water permeable relationship with said photosensitive layer and comprising an unhardened gelatin in an amount ranging from 0.60 to 1.75 g/m.sup.2.

Abstract: The silver halide photosensitive material of the invention comprises a support, at least one photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer provided on the support and a protective layer provided on the photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer. The protective layer contains agglomerate particles each of which is formed from plural primary particles having a particle diameter smaller than the thickness of the protective layer. For example, agglomerate particles having a mean particle diameter of 0.2 to 30 .mu.m composed of primary particles having a mean particle diameter of 0.01 to 10 .mu.m are contained in the protective layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 10 .mu.m. By the use of such agglomerate particles as matting agent particles, pin-holes caused by sinking of the matting agent can be inhibited and the Bekk second can be made not longer than 2,000 seconds. Moreover, this matting agent has good affinity for gelatin and is almost free from powder-dropping.

Abstract: This invention describes the composition and method of preparation of heteroflocculated packet emulsion clusters containing a light sensitive and selectively photosensitized silver halide emulsion particles and particles of photographic agents such as dye-forming coupler particles. The silver halide emulsion particles are associated with a layer of adsorbed peptizing gelatin with an isoelectric pH of P.sub.1 and the grafted gelatin of the gelatin-grafted-polymer particles comprising the photographic agent has an isoelectric pH of P.sub.2 such that P.sub.1 is different than P.sub.2. At least one of the peptizing and grafted gelatins is an isoing gelatin which is sufficiently derivatized to remove ionic groups thereof such that approaching the isoelectric pH in an aqueous solution of the isoing gelatin causes massive heteroflocculation.