Abstract: An imaging element comprising a support, at least one hydrophilic light-sensitive layer and at least one protective overcoat layer containing a binder and permanent matte particles, the permanent matte particles having a size distribution of a first mode and a second mode, the first mode being organic particles having a median size of from 0.2 to 1.2 micrometers in a coating weight of from 10 to 200 mg/m.sup.2, the said second mode being particles having a mean particle size of from 1.5 to 10 micrometers in a coating weight of from 25 to 150 mg/m.sup.2, the total coating weight of particles of the first and second modes being greater than 100 mg/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A photocatalyst composite is provided which comprise a substrate having particles of a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide, adhered thereon via a less degradative adhesive such as a fluorinated polymer comprising a copolymer of a vinyl ester and/or vinyl ether and a fluoroolefin, or a silicon based polymer or cement. Furthermore, a process for producing the photocatalyst composite and a coating composition containing the photocatalyst composite are provided.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material and a method for processing the same are disclosed. The silver halide photographic material has a support and a silver halide emulsion layer. The emulsion layer contains polymer latex bonded with gelatin and not less than 70 wt. % of the polymer latex is present. Dimensional stability is improved by the combination of a high portion of polymer latex with the gelatin.

Abstract: A photographic element comprising a support having a front side and a back side, an image forming layer on the front side of the support, a protective overcoat on the front side of the Support further removed from the support than the image forming layer, the protective overcoat comprising process surviving matte particles in a hydrophilic binder, the matte particles having a Rockwell hardness of less than M90, the back side of the support having a protective overcoat layer, the protective overcoat layer being the layer furthest removed from the back side of the support and comprising a hydrophobic material having a Delta haze less than 30%.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to a method of silver halide grain finishing comprising providing a high chloride silver halide grain emulsion and adding a silver bromide fine grain Lippmann emulsion during the chemical sensitization heat cycle for each grain wherein said fine grain emulsion has a photographically useful compound adhered to said fine grain Lippmann emulsion.

Abstract: An electron-beam-recording process comprises the steps of (1) providing an electron-beam-recording element, (2) introducing the element into a vacuum chamber, (3) imagewise exposing the element within the vacuum chamber to an electron beam and (4) processing the imagewise-exposed element to form a visible image. The electron-beam-recording element comprises a film support having, in order, on one side thereof a conductive layer comprising vanadium pentoxide, an adhesion-promoting hydrophilic colloid layer and an imaging layer. The imaging layer is comprised of an electron-beam-sensitive silver halide emulsion and the vanadium pentoxide is present in the conductive layer in an amount sufficient to impart thereto a resistivity of less than 5.times.10.sup.8 .OMEGA./sq.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic material. The method comprises the steps of (1) developing, fixing and washing a photographic light-sensitive material which comprises a support and a photographic layer including a silver halide emulsion layer being provided on the support in which the outermost surface of the photographic layer has a matting degree of 0 to 150 mmHg and the silver halide emulsion layer contains colloidal silica particles, (2) drying the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material by contacting with a heat conductive member having a surface temperature of 90.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. which installed in a drying zone of the automatic processing machine. In the above method, the photographic light-sensitive material has a moisture content of 3 g/m.sup.2 to 6.5 g/m.sup.

Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, are comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer comprising electrically-conductive metal-containing particles dispersed in a binder system comprising a blend of a film-forming polymer and an anionic polymer. The combination of electrically-conductive metal-containing particles, film-forming polymer and anionic polymer provides a controlled degree of electrical conductivity and excellent adhesion to gelatin-containing layers, such as silver halide emulsion layers of photographic elements, in adhering contact with the electrically-conductive layer.

Abstract: This invention involves improvements in interference film photography including the use of indium or gallium reflecting layers.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic light sensitive material comprising a support which is both side coated with a polyolefin resin is disclosed. A hydrophilic colloidal layer containing a white pigment and a silver halide emulsion layer are provided on the support and the silver halide emulsion layer contains at least one of the compounds represented by the following Formula I, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group; R.sub.2 represents a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a dialkylamino group, an alkylthio group or an arylthio group; R.sub.3 represents a group substitutable to a benzene ring; n is an integer of 0 or 1; Z represents a hydrogen atom or a group capable of splitting off when coupling it to the oxidized product of a developing agent; and Y represents a monovalent organic group including a ballast group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver halide photographic photosensitive material comprising a support and, provided thereon, at least one hydrophilic colloid layer including a photosensitive layer wherein the photosensitive layer comprises monodispersed silver halide grains having an average grain size of 0.2 micron or less and comprising at least 90 mol % of silver chloride, the photosensitive layer or a hydrophilic colloid layer provided on the same side of the support as the side on which the photosensitive layer is provided contains a hydrazine derivative, a hydrophilic colloid layer provided above the photosensitive layer contains a water-dispersible fine particle polymer, the photosensitive layer contains substantially no water-dispersible fine particle polymer, and amount of the water-dispersible fine particle polymer contained in the hydrophilic colloid layer is 1 g/m.sup.2 or less and is 5% by weight or more based on the weight of gelatin contained in the hydrophilic colloid layer.

Abstract: A light-sensitive photographic silver halide material is disclosed comprising a support and on one or both sides thereof at least one silver halide emulsion layer, at least one gelatin antistress layer and, optionally, a substantially gelatin free antistatic surface layer coated thereover, characterised in that said emulsion layer(s) comprise(s) at least one synthetic clay. As a result the said material is less sensitive to roller marks in automatic processing machines.

Abstract: A method of determining an optimum condition of an anti-reflective layer upon forming a resist pattern by exposure with a monochromatic light, a method of forming the anti-reflective layer therewith and a method of forming a resist pattern using a novel anti-reflective layer obtained therewith. The optimum condition of the anti-reflective layer is determined and the anti-reflective layer is formed by the methods described below. Further, an optimal anti-reflective layer is obtained by the method which is used for forming the resist pattern.

Abstract: A photographic optical system for substantially eliminating non-contact interference fringes in a photographic film comprises: (a) a source of polarized electromagnetic radiation, the radiation being characterized by a wavelength and an incident polarization angle; and (b) a photographic film capable of optical communication with the source and serving to transmit or reflect a portion of the radiation, the film comprising a silver halide emulsion layer on a birefringent support, the support being characterized by a thickness, an emulsion layer interface, an air interface, and birefringence that is dependent on the wavelength of the radiation; wherein the radiation wavelength and incident polarization angle and the support thickness and birefringence are selected such that radiation which penetrates the film and reflects from the air interface exits the support at the emulsion layer interface polarized at an angle substantially perpendicular to the incident polarization angle; whereby the photographic film may

Abstract: A light-sensitive silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising a reflective support comprising a resin layer-coated base paper and having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer , wherein a hydrophilic colloid layer containing a white pigment is provided between the resin layer and the silver halide emulsion layer; the resin layer having an uneven surface; and a Wiener spectrum of the silver halide photographic material satisfying the following relation,1.1<(WS2) / (WS1)<2.0wherein WS1 and WS2 are average intensities of the spectrum within a spatial frequency range of 2 to 3 mm.sup.-1 and 10 to 20 mm.sup.-1, respectively.

Abstract: A shaped article, in particular a support for image information layers prepared from a biaxially stretched film prepared from a polymer blend of 50 to 97 wt.% of a linear polyester and 3 to 50 wt.% of a polymer containing styrene, wherein the percentages relate to the sum of polyester and polymer containing styrene, is characterised by particularly-elevated covering power.

Abstract: The invention discloses that a photograph with a 3-dimensional image results when the non-angular reflector (of mercury) used in the Lippmann process of color photography is replaced by an angular reflector; the preferred form of the angular reflector is a retro-reflector.A photographic system is described which produces photographs with 3-dimensional images. The photo-sensitive element records the interference patterns of light waves, and the system is an improvement over the Lippmann process of color photography which produces photographs with 2-dimensional images. A photographic system is also described that produces a photograph with a 3-dimensional image from 2-dimensional cross sections of a subject; the system is useful in medical imaging. During exposure, motion of more than one wavelength of light is permissible between the subject and lens or the lens and the photo-sensitive element.These improvements result from the use of a particular type of angular reflector which is a retro-reflecting sheet.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imaging element comprising on a support in the order given a base layer containing a matting agent having a number average diameter between 0.4 and 1 times the thickness of said base layer, a spectrally sensitized silver halide emulsion layer and a receiving layer containing physical development nuclei having an average diameter less than 6 nm and wherein the number of nuclei having a diameter larger than 4.5 nm is less than 15% of the total number of nuclei contained in said receiving layer and wherein substantially no matting agent is present in said receiving layer, silver halide emulsion layer or any other layer optionally being present between said receiving layer and silver halide emulsion layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silver halide photographic material comprising a support having coated thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer and at least one light-insensitive hydrophilic colloid layer wherein at least one of said layers comprises a gelatin hardening agent and said hydrophilic colloid layer comprises an alkali-insoluble acrylic polymer particles having an average particle size of from 0.5 to 6 .mu.m and wherein at least 95% by number of said polymer particles have a particle size within .+-.15% of the average particle size.

Abstract: A dye fixing element for use in an image formation system which is adapted to superimpose a light-sensitive element and a dye fixing element provided on separate supports upon each other so that diffusible dyes are transferred to said dye fixing element to form an image, which is characterized in that a matting agent is incorporated in either a layer nearer to said support than a dye fixing layer in said dye fixing element or a layer provided between said dye fixing layer and a surface protective layer.The dye fixing element can be used to provide a good matte image that satisfies the requirements for matte surface, i.e., low gloss, texture that prevents the image from being seen white, difficulty for white spot in occurring on the transferred image, and surface condition that gives no glare.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of forming carbon layer on a light-reflective layer or a transparent layer formed on a light-reflective layer, forming a photosensitive resin layer on the carbon layer, selectively radiating light on the photosensitive resin layer, forming a photosensitive resin pattern by developing the photosensitive resin layer selectively irradiated with the light, forming a carbon pattern by etching the carbon layer using the photosensitive pattern as a mask, and forming a light-reflective pattern or a transparent layer pattern by etching the light-reflective layer using the photosensitive resin layer or the carbon pattern as a mask. When the light-reflective layer pattern is formed, the thickness of the carbon layer is set to be less than 100 nm. When the transparent layer pattern is formed, the thickness of the carbon layer is set to be 80 nm or more.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver halide color photographic material and a method for forming a color image using said photographic material. The silver halide color photographic material comprises photosensitive emulsion layers each containing silver halide emulsion grains having 95 mol % or more of silver chloride and a hydrophilic colloid layer containing a white pigment that is applied between the support and the photosensitive emulsion layer nearest to the support, the weight ratio of the white pigment in said hydrophilic colloid layer being 40 wt % or more, and the ratio of the total amount of the hydrophilic colloid applied on the support to the total coating amount of the photosensitive silver halide in the photographic material being in the range from 5.0 to 30.0.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic photosensitive material comprises a reflective support having thereon at least one photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer. The reflective support comprises a base paper and two or more water-proof resin layers laminated on one surface of the base paper at the side to be coated with the photosensitive emulsion. The water-proof resin layers have different contents of a white pigment. The base paper has pH of from 5 to 9. The silver halide emulsion layer contains silver halide emulsion having a silver chloride content of 95% by moles or higher and being sensitized with selenium, tellurium, or gold.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a support and a backing layer on the surface of the support opposite to the emulsion layer, wherein said silver halide emulsion layer comprises tabular grains having an aspect ratio of not less than 3 in a proportion of not less than 50% as calculated in the terms of projected area of the silver halide grains contained in the emulsion layer and the surface on the backing layer side has a Beck smoothness of not more than 150 seconds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material comprising at least three silver halide emulsion layers having different color sensitivities and formed on a reflective support. The support comprises a substrate and a composition layer laminated on at least the surface of the substrate on which the emulsion layers are coated, and made of a thermoplastic resin containing polyester as a main component and a white pigment mixed and dispersed in the resin. The polyester is a polyester synthesized by the polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol. The silver halide contained in the material is silver chlorobromide having silver chloride content of 95 mol % or more, or silver chloride. The ratio of the coated amount of all hydrophilic colloid used in the material to the coated amount of silver contained in all silver halide used in the material ranges from 5.0 to 30.

Abstract: Photosensitive matting agents for photosensitive recording materials that are known can be prepared only at considerable expense. A much simplified process involves preparing a photosensitive matte material from photoinsensitive matting agent particles by incorporating the particles into the starting solutions for the silver halide precipitation. The invention is particularly useful in reprography and in medical diagnostics.

Abstract: A coating composition for applying a layer to a photographic element and the resulting photographic element comprising gelatin, water and from 0.3 to 1 gm/100 gms of the composition of a surfactant mixture of 15 to 70 percent by weight of a dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt or di-fluoroalkylsulfosuccinate, sodium salt, from 35 to 75 percent by weight of a nonylphenoxy polyglycidyl alcohol, and from 3 to 14 percent by weight of perfluoro-octyl sulfonamido, N-hydrogen, N-propylene trimethylammonium iodide based on the total weight of the surfactant mixture; when a dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt is used, the minimum amount thereof is 0.15 gm/100 gm of coating composition.

Abstract: The invention describes silver halide packet emulsion grains or crystals that are conventionally precipitated using gelatin of a given isoelectric pH, surrounded by a layer of gelatin-grafted-polymer particles wherein the grafted gelatin has a different isoelectric pH and the said gelatin-grafted-polymer particles are optionally chemically bonded to the gelatin surrounding the silver halide microcrystals. Such packet emulsions can form the basis for a mixed-packet color photographic system.

Abstract: A novel silver halide color photographic material comprising on a support at least one light-sensitive emulsion layer and at least one hydrophilic colloidal layer containing a white pigment between said support and said light-sensitive emulsion layer is provided, wherein (i) said white pigment is incorporated in such an amount that the coated amount thereof in said hydrophilic colloidal layer is in the range of 2 g/m.sup.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed in which a matting agent contained in a coating solution is prevented from settling in solution and peeling off during processing. The silver halide photographic material contains at least one light-sensitive emulsion and at least one surface protective layer on a support. The surface protective layer contains a polymer latex having an average particle size of up to 2 .mu.m and a perticular precipitation amount as measured in a test coating solution or a crosslinked polymer latex having a hydrophilic group.

Abstract: Photographic elements having at least one light-sensitive layer and at least one layer having polymeric matte particles surrounded by a layer of colloidal inorganic particles.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed. The light-sensitive material comprises a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer contains a hydrazine derivative, and at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and another hydrophilic colloid layer provided on the emulsion layer-coated side of the support contains a latex comprising polymer particles stabilized with gelatin.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material capable of providing a dye image having excellent color reproducibility, sharpness and image fastness.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material includes at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and an outermost protective layer on a support. The protective layer contains an acid polymer having a carboxyl, phosphoric acid and/or sulfonic group, and a matting agent formed of particles of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate and methacrylic acid having a specified molar ratio of the repeating units. Also, at least one protective layer contains an ultraviolet absorbent.

Abstract: A color photographic material having photographic constituent layers including at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer on a reflective support, wherein the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer comprises silver chloride or silver chlorobromide containing 90 mol % or more of silver chloride is disclosed. The reflective support comprises at least one water-resistant resin layer, the water-resistant resin layer on the side of the support on which a silver halide emulsion layer is formed contains 14% by weight or more of a white pigment, and the total amount of calcium contained in the photographic constituent layers on the light-sensitive layer side of the photographic material is 10 mg/m.sup.2 or less, or the photographic material comprises at least one hydrophilic colloid layer on the support, the hydrophilic colloidal layer contains a white pigment at a coating amount of 2 g/m.sup.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver halide color photo-graphic light-sensitive material capable of providing a dye image having excellent color reproducibility, sharpness and image fastness. The light-sensitive material comprises a support having provided thereon a photographic constituent layer comprising a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a yellow dye-forming coupler, a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a magenta dye-forming coupler, and a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a cyan dye-forming coupler, and non-light-sensitive hydrophilic colloid layers.

Abstract: Method for making lithographic aluminum offset printing plates according to the DTR-process by photo-exposing a photosensitive monosheet layer assemblage comprising a hydrophilic aluminum foil, an intermediate layer comprising hydrophobic polymer beads prepared by polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) and having an average diameter not lower than 0.2 .mu.m, and a silver halide emulsion layer, applying an aqueous alkaline solution to the photo-exposed silver halide emulsion layer in the presence of a developing agent and a silver halide solvent to form a silver image and to allow unreduced silver halide or complexes formed thereof to diffuse image-wise from the developed silver halide emulsion layer to said aluminum foil to produce thereon a silver image, and separating said emulsion layer and said intermediate layer from the imaged aluminum foil. The invention also relates to the photosensitive monosheet layer assemblage used for making such printing plates.

Abstract: There is provided a silver halide photographic material which comprises a support having thereon at least three kinds of silver halide light-sensitive emulsion layers differing from one another in color sensitivity, at least two kinds of which comprise silver halide emulsion grains sensitized spectrally with sensitizing dyes providing their respective spectral sensitivity maxima at wavelength of longer than about 570 nm, with the photographic material further containing at least one water-soluble dye which is selected from eight groups having specified structural formulae respectively and has an absorption maximum at wavelengths longer than about 570 nm, thereby acquiring an aptitude with scanning exposure using at least two kinds of light sources capable of emitting monochromatic high-intensity beams of wavelengths longer than 570 nm and ensuring high resolving power without attended by aggravation of color separation.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material comprising a support having thereon a cyan color-forming silver halide emulsion layer, a magenta color-forming silver halide emulsion layer, a yellow color-forming silver halide emulsion layer and at least one light-insensitive hydrophilic layer disposed farther from the support than any of these silver halide emulsion layers, in which the light-insensitive hydrophilic layer contains nonglobular fine-particle powder in a dispersion in an amount of at least 25% by weight based on the whole components therein, thereby ensuring excellent tone reproduction in the images and reduced dependence of image qualities upon the positions of viewing light sources. In addition, the color photographic material can provide images well-expressing a feeling of massiveness even in rapid photographic processing.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material has provided on a support a non-light-sensitive surface layer which contains an organic polymer represented by formula (I) and having a mean grain size of 1.0 .mu.m or more, the polymer being produced by suspension polymerization: ##STR1## wherein A is a repeating unit obtained by polymerization of at least one monomer having two or more copolymerizable ethylenic unsaturated groups; B is a repeating unit obtained by polymerization of at least one monomer having one copolymerizable ethylenic unsaturated group; and x, y and z each represents a weight percentage, x is a number of from 1 to 40, y is a number of from 30 to 99 and z is a number of from 0 to 65. The material has good vacuum contact adhesiveness in contact exposures, and the transparency of the processed material is good.

Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, are comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer comprising a film-forming hydrophilic colloid having dispersed therein both electrically-conductive metal-containing particles and water-insoluble polymer particles. The combination of hydrophilic colloid, metal-containing particles and water-insoluble polymer particles provides a controlled degree of electrical conductivity and beneficial chemical, physical and optical properties which adapt the electrically-conductive layer for such purposes as providing protection against static or serving as an electrode which takes part in an image-forming process.

Abstract: Changing (varying, irregular) resist thickness on semiconductor wafers having irregular top surface topography or having different island sizes, affects the percent reflectance (and absorption efficiency) of incident photolithographic light, and consequently the critical dimensions of underlying features being formed (e.g., polysilicon gates). A low solvent content resist solution that can be applied as an aerosol provides a more uniform thickness resist film, eliminating or diminishing photoresist thickness variations. A top antireflective coating (TAR) also aids in uniformizing reflectance, despite resist thickness variations. The two techniques can be used alone, or together. Hence, better control over underlying gate size can be effected, without differential biasing.

Abstract: Thermally processable imaging elements in which the image is formed by imagewise heating or by imagewise exposure to light followed by uniform heating are provided with both a backing layer and an electroconductive layer to reduce static electricity effects and improve conveyance through processing equipment. The backing layer is an outermost layer and is located on the side of the support opposite to the imaging layer whereas the electroconductive layer is an inner layer and can be disposed on either side of the support.

Abstract: Photographic elements having at least one layer containing polymeric matte particles covalently bonded to gelatin and colloidal silica.

Abstract: A composite film article which is a flexible, heat resistant polymeric film material having a non-opaque, partially translucent white surface side, having a visible light opacity of from about 0.90 to about 0.99; and a non-opaque, black surface side having a visible light opacity of less than 1.0, a transmission density of less than about 2.0 and a thickness of less than about 5.0 microns. The article may be used as a base for images such that the images have a reduced optical dot gain.

Abstract: Photographic elements containing at least one layer containing polymeric particles surrounded by a layer of colloidal inorganic particles and separate particles of colloidal silica.

Abstract: A photographic recording material which contains a support and thereupon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer together with a protective layer containing gelatine over the light-sensitive layer and optionally a layer on the reverse side containing gelatine, and the protective layer containing gelatine and/or the reverse side layer containing gelatine contains a silicone oil of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 means hydroxy, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryloxy,R.sub.2 means a residue of the formula ##STR2## or R.sub.1 R.sub.3, R.sub.4 means alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl,R.sub.5, R.sub.

Abstract: A new method of producing an anti-reflection coating is described. The reflective metal layer of an integrated circuit is covered with titanium. The titanium layer is oxidized. The resulting titanium oxide layer is the anti-reflection coating (ARC) of the present invention. This ARC layer is covered with photoresist. The photoresist layer is selectively exposed to light by directing light through a patterned mask to form a pattern on the photoresist layer. The metal layer is etched in accordance with the pattern. The remaining resist is stripped off. An inter-metal dielectric layer is deposited over the patterned first metal and titanium oxide layers. A second photoresist layer is deposited and selectively exposed to light through a second photomask. The titanium oxide layer again acts to limit the reflection of light off the first metal layer and through the transparent inter-metal dielectric. The exposed inter-metal layer is etched away to the underlying first metal layer.

Abstract: The photosensitive transfer material of the invention comprises a support, a subbing layer comprising an organic polymer and an image-forming layer containing a photosensitive polymer, wherein the subbing layer and/or the image-forming layer contains a matting agent of core-shell type crosslinked resin particles consisting of a core part made of a polymer having a crosslinking degree of 0.05 to 3.0 mmole/g and a shell part made of a substantially linear polymer having at least one kind of a hydrophilic functional group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light-sensitive element for lithographic printing plates excellent in stain resistance and water-carrying capacity which comprises a support and, coated thereon in succession, at least one undercoat layer, a silver halide emulsion layer and a physical development nuclei layer wherein at least one of the layers on the silver halide emulsion layer-provided side of the support contains 0.1-2.0 g/m.sup.2 of a matting agent of 5.mu. in average particle size and the light-sensitive element has an arithmetical mean deviation of profile Ra of 1.2 or less.