Abstract: A heart model provides a simulative environment for lead implantation and affixation. In one embodiment, removable silicone plugs are provided at appropriate locations so that an inserted lead can be affixed to the plugs with a helical tip. A simulative venous structure is provided that has increased lubricity to facilitate the insertion and manipulation of the lead.

Abstract: A demonstration device comprises a base having a front side, a back side, a respiratory port, a circulation port, a heart port and at least one lung port. The heart port is fluidly connected to the circulation port, and the lung port is fluidly connected to the respiratory port. A compressible member is sealed to the front side of the base to define a chamber over the lung port and the heart port. A lung member is disposed over the lung port, and a heart member is disposed over the heart port. In this way, when the compressible member is compressed and released, the lung member deflates and inflates and the heart member deflates and inflates.

Abstract: A portable, interactive electronic training device for prompting a trainee on the proper sequence of steps for performing CPR, using a defibrillator and performing CPR in conjunction with the use of a defibrillator. The device simulates the obtaining of direct information about a patient's condition, such as ECG data collected directly from the patient. The device receives information pertinent to the treatment of the patient indirectly through an operator of the device. The device prompts a trainee on the medically appropriate action such as a defibrillation shock in response to the indirect and direct information. Indirect information is obtained through information processing means that includes means for prompting the operator of the device and means for receiving the operator's responses thereto. Prompts may include both questions and instructions, and in one embodiment the information processing means obtains the assent of the operator before causing the defibrillation shock.

Abstract: A portable, interactive electronic training device for prompting a trainee on the proper sequence of steps for performing CPR, using a defibrillator and performing CPR in conjunction with the use of a defibrillator. The device simulates the obtaining of direct information about a patient's condition, such as ECG data collected directly from the patient. The device receives information pertinent to the treatment of the patient indirectly through an operator of the device. The device prompts a trainee on the medically appropriate action such as a defibrillation shock in response to the indirect and direct information. Indirect information is obtained through information processing means that includes means for prompting the operator of the device and means for receiving the operator's responses thereto. Prompts may include both questions and instructions, and in one embodiment the information processing means obtains the assent of the operator before causing the defibrillation shock.

Abstract: An adult/child and infant manikin for cardiopulmonary resuscitation including a head simulation having a neck opening and a mouth opening. A removable lung bag can easily be placed within the head simulation using a bag insertion tool without any dismantling of the head simulation.

Abstract: An adult/child and infant manikin for cardiopulmonary resuscitation including a torso simulation having an arcuate mounting surface, a head simulation having a neck attachment connected thereto. The neck attachment has an arcuate connection that is congruent to said arcuate mounting surface. Mounting members adapted to secure the head simulation to the torso simulation with the arcuate connection in contact with the arcuate mounting surface are also provided. The mounting members are movable in an arc across the arcuate mounting surface.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a CPR training device comprises a flexible structure which is configured to simulate a human chest, and a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is disposed within the flexible structure and is configured to sense pressure within the flexible structure. Both positive and negative pressures relative to the ambient or atmospheric pressure can be determined by the pressure sensor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for increasing the usefulness, sensitivity and specificity of tests that measure memory and facets of memory, including learning, retention, recall and/or recognition. Specifically, the sensitivity and specificity of such tests are enhanced by selectively weighting the value of specific items recalled by the test subject, either by weighting such items within any specific testing trial or across numerous testing trials. Also disclosed are various methods of reducing ceiling effects in memory tests. The invention also provides improved tests which employ item-specific weighting for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and other dementia characterized by memory impairment, as well as a method of screening for and evaluating the efficacy of potential therapeutics directed to the treatment of such dementia.

Abstract: A new and improved trainer mannequin comprising a body having a head and a torso made of common household items. The head and the torso are hollow. The head has openings for a mouth and two nostrils, and additionally has a neck and a neck opening. All the openings provide access to the interior of the head. The torso also has a neck and neck opening, and is secured to the head by connecting the necks in a way that provides a seal between the interior of the head and the torso. The torso additionally can be interchanged to provide training in three basic aid training techniques. For mouth-to-mouth breathing, the torso is an attached bag collapsible and expandable to simulate a lung. For aid in choking, also known as the Heimlich maneuver, the torso is self-supporting in order to provide a more constant volume and greater resistance to collapsing. This torso also simulates a full human torso including stomach and chest.

Abstract: An interactive education system is described for teaching patient care to a user. The system comprises a patient simulator, as well as a virtual instrument for use with the patient simulator in performing patient care activities. The systems also includes means for sensing an interaction between the virtual instrument and the simulator, and means for providing feedback to the user regarding the interaction between the virtual instrument and the simulator. In a first embodiment, the simulator and virtual instrument are tangible objects, and in a second embodiment, the simulator and virtual instrument are software-generated objects.

Abstract: A portable, interactive electronic training device for prompting a trainee on the proper sequence of steps for performing CPR, using a defibrillator and performing CPR in conjunction with the use of a defibrillator. The device simulates the obtaining of direct information about a patient's condition, such as ECG data collected directly from the patient. The device receives information pertinent to the treatment of the patient indirectly through an operator of the device. The device prompts a trainee on the medically appropriate action such as a defibrillation shock in response to the indirect and direct information. Indirect information is obtained through information processing means that includes means for prompting the operator of the device and means for receiving the operator's responses thereto. Prompts may include both questions and instructions, and in one embodiment the information processing means obtains the assent of the operator before causing the defibrillation shock.

Abstract: An adult/child and infant manikin for cardiopulmonary resuscitation including a head simulation having a neck opening and a mouth opening. A removable lung bag can easily be placed within the head simulation using a bag insertion tool without any dismantling of the head simulation.

Abstract: Apparatus for practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) including a torso, a breast plate, a lung, and a hollow head including a mouth means, the breast plate is mounted pivotally to the torso, the lung resides intermediate the torso and the breast plate and is mounted to the torso and extends into the hollow head member and a second head member mounted to the first head member for sliding arcuate movement with respect thereto to perform jaw thrusts in the practice of CPR. Apparatus simulating the human head. Stackable torsos with breast plates mounted thereto and stackable head members each comprising a portion of a head.

Abstract: A tube deformed by supply air is placed in a pulsation position of a mannequin. An air pump expanding and contracting by supply air is placed in a cardiac impulse position of the mannequin. An air bag is placed inside an abdomen or a chest of the mannequin. An air supplier is controlled by a computer.

Abstract: An alignment device in the form of a flexible material disk having a planar configuration is removably adhered to the sternum of a person on whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is being performed, wherein the disk includes indicia formed on an outer surface thereof. The indicia is at least partially defined by an alignment indicator disposed and configured to accurately orient the disk on the person in a position which facilitates the proper performance of CPR. The indicia further includes a position indicator disposed and oriented to indicate the accurate positioning of at least one hand of one performing the CPR on the person. The indicia may also include instructional information setting forth the required or preferred step necessary to correctly perform CPR. One or more of the disks may be included in a kit assembly along with other components or products intended to facilitate the performing of CPR.

Abstract: A device for use in the correct application and monitoring of the technique of ACF (Applied Cricoid Force) during tracheal intubation comprises a cylinder (1), a piston (2), seal (10) and either an aneroid gauge (3) or a calibrated spring (6) which provides resistance to force applied to the device and at the same time permits monitoring of the force applied. The device may also or alternatively be used as a training tool on a suitable patient substitute e.g. a table, bench or a manikin, until the trainee gains the experience and skills which enable them to reproduce the correct force when applying cricoid force directly on patients.

Abstract: A system for measuring and analyzing CPR parameters for use with and by an external defibrillator, where a pressure sensitive electrode is connected to a defibrillator, in addition to the standard electrodes of the defibrillator. The information from the pressure sensitive electrode, together with information derived from modulation of the impedance of the thorax, measured by the defibrillator, describes the quality of the CPR performed, and is used to generate voice messages that increase the quality and the effectiveness of the CPR. The defibrillator may in addition be equipped with a transmission device that sets up a radio connection with an emergency center. The emergency center is equipped with a display unit that shows the activities at the resuscitation site.

Abstract: A system for communication between sensors in training equipment and electrodes for a defibrillator (AED) or a defibrillator-trainer (AED-T) provides for determining electrode positioning and providing feedback to the user. The training equipment is provided with a non-conductive chest skin, and the communication is wireless and bi-directional. The information from the manikin is generated by a microprocessor with a digital-analog converter. The information signal is transmitted to the sensors in the manikin by use of drivers, which sensors each constitute one half of a non-galvanic coupling, in which the chest skin separates the halves, and the other halves of the non-galvanic couplings are formed by electrodes that are attached to the chest skin, the non-galvanic coupling being in the form of capacitors or coils.

Abstract: The instant invention provides an apparatus, and a method of its use, for enabling an instructor to train a student in learning a procedure which embodies at least two alternative sequences of steps and conditions. The invention, in order, enables the student to initiate the procedure; enables communication of at least one condition or an instruction required for prompting the student to initiate at least one step following in the sequence, at a time, to the student; enables the instructor to provide an alternative sequence; and, enables the student to initiate at least one step of said procedure in response to said alternative sequence.

Abstract: A biofeedback training method and apparatus to increase and reinforce the respiratory sinus arrhythmia as an outcome of a breath training technique, said apparatus comprising a physiological monitoring device that provides raw physiological data to a computer having a software program that receives and utilizes the heartbeat interbeat interval information supplied by the physiological sensors, calculates such intervals after every heartbeat, computes RSA parameters from the interbeat intervals, displays raw signal instantaneous heart rate values, calculates RSA parameters in the form of graphs, compares current values of the RSA training score with currently set threshold level to generate training feedback, provides continuous audiovisual feedback to the user to reward training attempts based on results of threshold comparisons, displays a breath pacer to induce an appropriate breathing pattern, recommended by selected breathing technique, saves interbeat intervals along with the RSA parameters into a built-

Abstract: A ventilation training analyzer manikin, for providing a quantitative measurement of the relative proportions of breathable gas volume delivered to a patient's lungs and patient's stomach during ventilation attempts by a user, thus demonstrating that the user is or is not using proper ventilation methods and equipment operating techniques. The manikin has a pressure actuated valve that opens at 15 cm H2O gas pressure to mimic the opening of the human esophageal sphincter. The opening of the valve at high pressure shows users that delivery of excess volumes of high pressure gas results in aspiration of the stomach contents, potential lung damage and risk of death in some cases.

Abstract: An adult/child and infant manikin for cardiopulmonary resuscitation including a torso simulation having an arcuate mounting surface, a head simulation having a neck attachment connected thereto. The neck attachment has an arcuate connection that is congruent to said arcuate mounting surface. Mounting members adapted to secure the head simulation to the torso simulation with the arcuate connection in contact with the arcuate mounting surface are also provided. The mounting members are movable in an arc across the arcuate mounting surface.

Abstract: A dummy for practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of a human being has a simulation of the thorax in the form of a torso, a head simulation and a trachea/lungs simulation in the form of a bag. The thorax simulation formed by the torso is made of an elastically compressively deformable foam and further includes a chest plate accommodated under the chest side of the torso. The back of the torso is shaped to provide support bodies, such that compressive deformation of the foam of the torso and flexural deformation of the chest plate upon compression in the context of cardiac massage jointly simulate the natural deformation of a human thorax. That design can allow the dummy to be economically produced in spite of a realistic simulation and natural deformation characteristics.

Abstract: An interactive, computerized education system for teaching patient care includes an interactive computer program for use with a simulator, such as a manikin, and virtual instruments for performing simulated patient care activity under the direction of the program. The program displays a selection of modules to assist a user in learning patient care protocols, the modules being selectable by the user for providing different interactive training sessions involving the protocols. The virtual instruments are used with the simulator in performing the patient care activity, the virtual instruments cooperating with sensors that interface with the computer program for providing feedback to the program regarding the activity and confirming proper placement and use of the virtual instruments on the simulator.

Abstract: A system for detecting an electrode position for a defibrillator on a manikin includes electrical conductive faces that are provided in hidden positions under the manikin skin in locations that correspond to correct and incorrect positions for placement of the defibrillator respectively, and which constitute the respective halves of a capacitor. The faces are connected to a first and a second oscillator respectively, which oscillators emit two different frequencies. A position indicator may be arranged inside the manikin, which indicator will give notification to the user by the use of light sources, e.g., light emitting diodes that shine through the manikin skin, or by activation of a sound signal. A signal analyzing device judges the correctness of the electrode positions via output from the oscillators.

Abstract: A device for simulated heart's pulse in manikins and apparatus used in connection with training how to feel and recognize pulse, comprising an electric linear motor (1), the armature (2) thereof being put into pulsating movements which can be felt upon a touch, an armature coil (3) being supplied with an electric signal from a pulse generator adapted to be started and stopped by means of a signal from a detector coil (5), the inductance of the detector coil (5) being changed when the detector coil (5) is passed in over a ferrite core (6). The armature (2) is assigned a spring, the force thereof being sufficient to bring the armature (2) to the starting position when the external force from the touch ceases.

Abstract: This invention relates to an adaptor for use with a a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training mannequin. The adaptor has a top layer, a conductor and an adhesive. An additional backing layer may be provided. This invention is also directed to methods of modifying a CPR mannequin through application of an adaptor having communicating conductive areas.

Abstract: An integrated patient simulator for training or other purposes capable of realistically reacting to a current physiological state and physiological model. A patient simulator and method of patient simulation wherein a physical gas composition representative of a simulated alveolar gas composition in a lung model is determined, and a simulated blood gas machine simulates an output representative of a simulated physiological state based at least in part on the simulated alveolar gas composition.

Abstract: A cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) aiding computer system provides guidance to rescue personnel trained in CPR for resuscitating a victim under an emergency condition. The system includes an input for entering information signals representative at least of characteristics of the victim relevant to proper performance of CPR techniques, a processing unit responsive to the information signals and for providing output signals representative of proper steps to be taken in resuscitating the victim, and an output, including a display, responsive to the output signals and for providing guidance signals, which include visible signals, such as animated images, on the display, of the proper steps to be taken by the rescue personnel in resuscitating the victim. In one embodiment, the output includes an audio system for producing audible guidance in response to the output signals, wherein the speech guidance is synchronized with the visible guidance.

Abstract: An adult/child and infant manikin for cardiopulmonary resuscitation including a torso simulation having an arcuate mounting surface, a head simulation having a neck attachment connected thereto. The neck attachment has an arcuate connection that is congruent to said arcuate mounting surface. Mounting members adapted to secure the head simulation to the torso simulation with the arcuate connection in contact with the arcuate mounting surface are also provided. The mounting members are movable in an arc across the arcuate mounting surface.

Abstract: An interactive, computerized education system for teaching patient care includes an interactive computer program for use with a simulator, such as a manikin, and virtual instruments for performing simulated patient care activity under the direction of the program. The program displays a selection of modules to assist a user in learning patient care protocols, the modules being selectable by the user for providing different interactive training sessions involving the protocols. The virtual instruments are used with the simulator in performing the patient care activity, the virtual instruments cooperating with sensors that interface with the computer program for providing feedback to the program regarding the activity and confirming proper placement and use of the virtual instruments on the simulator.

Abstract: A mechanical mannequin apparatus for demonstrating medical management of human normal and abnormal airways is disclosed. The mechanical mannequin apparatus includes airway elements that resemble those found in infant, children and adult human beings and includes at least one restrictor mechanism attached to at least a portion of at least one of the airway elements for causing sealing engagement against and volume restriction of at least one of the airway elements. The mechanical mannequin apparatus also includes an esophagus tube member, a stomach cavity, jaw adjusting mechanism and neck adjusting mechanism.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for simulating bronchial resistance or dilation in real time in an integrated patient simulator during simulated medical procedures is realized by a manikin having a simulated trachea and a simulated lung, a conduit interconnecting the simulated trachea and the simulated lung for propagating a flow of gas, and a restricting device for variably restricting the flow of gas through the conduit. The restricting device includes a nautilus shaped cam and a stepper motor for rotating the cam such that a selected surface of the cam is disposed within a opening in the conduit so as to continuously vary the size of the opening.

Abstract: A training manikin for use in connection with cardio-pulmonary resuscitation procedure training is provided with an airway tube element insert that is automatically folded to restrict the flow of air from a mouth/nose element insert unless the manikin head face and chin with included mouth/nose element insert is initially properly pivoted to clear the airway tube element for the passage of air.

Abstract: A manikin unit (1) for teaching cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques, including ventilation and external cardiac massage, comprises at least one manikin (66) and a chest extension structure (2). The manikin comprises a head (9) having a mouth opening, a neck (8), a chest means (3), a throat means in communication with the mouth opening, and a lung means in communication with the throat means, the chest means comprising a flexible front plate formed to imitate the human chest, a back plate and a resilient compression means compressed between said front plate and said back plate.

Abstract: A CPR mannequin for practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a human has a simulated human head and neck portion with an air passage extending from a mouth opening to a neck opening in an end of the neck remote from the head. An inflatable simulated human chest portion is secured to the neck and has an upper flexible wall member, a lower wall member and a flexible bag therebetween and a further air passage connects the air passage in the neck to the flexible bag. The upper flexible wall member simulates a chest which rises and falls with inflation and deflation of the flexible bag.

Abstract: A training manikin for use in teaching students to perform cardio-pulmonary resuscitation includes a head, a neck, and a torso molded integrally of a resilient material allowing flexure of the neck and providing realistic resistance to compression of the torso in simulating external heart massage. An audible signal device indicates adequate chest compression. A tubular airway passage includes a restrictor and a device for indicating sufficient air flow, and can receive obstructors. A cavity in the torso holds a smaller, infant-size similar manikin. The manikin may have a tough watertight skin surrounding a core of resilient microporous foam of lesser density. One embodiment of the invention includes a ball-and-socket joint articulating the head portion with the neck portion.

Abstract: An interactive neonatal resuscitation training simulator and method employing an infant android of life-like appearance and response. The android has an intelligent, interactive control mechanism which: simulates a condition within the android corresponding to a human condition requiring resuscitation; detects and evaluates resuscitation activity on the android by a trainee employing the simulator; and adjusts the android's simulated condition in response to the trainee's resuscitation effort. The adjustment made by the intelligent, interactive control mechanism mimics a predetermined human reaction to a resuscitation effort such as that made by the trainee. The simulator also includes a neonatal workstation and a virtual reality environment enclosure. In appearance, the workstation is an approximate replication of an actual resuscitation workstation typically found in a hospital delivery room.

Abstract: A dummy for practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of a human being comprising a simulation of the thorax and the head and a lungs simulation in the form of a bag which can be inflated through the mouth or nose opening of the head. The thorax is formed by a hollow body of plastic material, which is in air exchange relationship with the atmosphere and which has stiffening ribs which reproduce approximately human ribs. In that arrangement the number and size of the stiffening ribs are so selected that the compressibility and return force of the thorax correspond to those of a human thorax not only in regard to extent but also in terms of their nature and form, and thus provide a particularly good approximation to the behavior of a human thorax.

Abstract: A disposable manikin with a disposable airway, lung and face shield, is used for training people in the art of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Heimlich Maneuver and Abdominal Thrust Maneuver, yet is low cost, recyclable and durable. The manikin comprises detachable parts, including a torso, a neck, a head, a chest compression spring, an airway with built in face mask and built in elements to interconnect these parts. All components preferably are made from lights-weight, low-cost and durable materials.

Abstract: Apparatus for teaching respiratory auscultation semiology includes a manikin, a stethoscope simulator having a head and earpieces connected to a receiver and a control device connected to the manikin. The manikin has an envelope animated by a drive system and proximity sensors responsive to the head. The control device includes a control unit, a memory for groups of sound data associated with a respiratory condition connected to it to supply the data to it, and a transmitter connected to it to receive a sound data signal derived from this data. The control unit is connected to the manikin to receive signals from the sensors and, according to their source, to produce the sound data signal and a motor control signal derived from the sound data.

Abstract: An apparatus for prompting an operator in the performance of cardio pulmonary resuscitation. The apparatus comprises a casing housing, a keypad with input switches, a display with light emitting devices, audible buzzers and a control circuit embodiment in a programmed microprocessor and associated circuitry. Input prompting signals are controlled by the control circuit to prompt the operator to ascertain the presence of a pulse of the casualty, specify the number of rescuers performing the resuscitation, and specifiy the age status of the casualty. The control circuit prompts the operator to perform either or both heart compression and lung inflation on the casualty at a prescribed rate.

Abstract: A method and associated apparatus for simulating neuromuscular stimulation in real time during simulated medical surgery using a manikin, such as ulnar nerve stimulation to detect the degree of neuromuscular blockade and external stimulation of nerves to produce evoked potentials so as to monitor the integrity of nerves during surgery is provided. Such simulation allows for the active participation of trainees with the simulation apparatus to experience real world medical procedures in a setting that closely mimics the real world.

Abstract: A training manikin for practising external cardiac massage, including chest expansion, comprises a partially compressible chest (22), a support plate (31) for a person to practice the cardiac massage, which plate (31) can be arranged in a position in which it extends to one side of the chest (22), and means, e.g. in the form of a bolt (29), for transferring a pull in the chest to the support plate (31).

Abstract: A Simulator of the cardio-vascular system is provided for use in open chest cardiac massage (OCCM) resuscitation technique instruction. A molded model of a heart is housed in a thoracic mannequin with synthetic skin pulled aside revealing the cardiac muscle as in a clinical situation. A system of valves and tubes modeling blood vessels connects the heart to inlet and outlet reservoirs simulating venous and arterial input and output supported by an adjustable stand. This device provides tactile feedback to the practitioner and permits variations in flow rates and pressures to simulate various cardiac conditions.

Abstract: A dummy for practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of a human being comprising a simulation of the thorax and the head and a lungs simulation in the form of a bag which can be inflated through the mouth or nose opening of the head. The thorax is formed by a hollow body of plastic material, which is in air exchange relationship with the atmosphere and which has stiffening ribs which reproduce approximately human ribs. In that arrangement the number and size of the stiffening ribs are so selected that the compressibility and return force of the thorax correspond to those of a human thorax not only in regard to extent but also in terms of their nature and form, and thus provide a particularly good approximation to the behavior of a human thorax (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A CPR mannequin for practising cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a human has a simulated human head and neck portion with an air passage extending from a mouth opening to neck opening in an end of the neck remote from the head, and an inflatable simulated human chest portion secured to the neck and having a flexible wall member simulating a chest which rises and falls with inflation and deflation of the chest portion. The inflatable chest portion has an air capacity representative of a lung capacity of a human adult, and a further air passage connecting the air passage in the neck to the inflatable chest portion.

Abstract: A training manikin for use in teaching students to perform cardio-pulmonary resuscitation includes a head, a neck, and a torso molded integrally of a resilient material allowing flexure of the neck and providing realistic resistance to compression of the torso in simulating external heart massage. A tubular airway passage includes a restrictor and can receive obstructors. A cavity in the torso holds a smaller, infant-size similar manikin. The manikin may have a tough watertight skin surrounding a core of resilient microporous foam of lesser density.

Abstract: CPR manikin in simulated human form including a head, body, arms and legs, the head is provided with throat and mouth openings in fluid communication and the body provided with a cavity, a piston is mounted in the cavity, a disposable lung bag is fastened over and in fluid communication with the throat opening and a body plate is mounted to the body and overlying the piston which provides biasing force to the body plate.

Abstract: A portable self-powered electronic cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompting system includes a keyboard on the front panel for turning the apparatus on, identifying the nature of the victim, the number of rescuers, whether mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is to be given and whether the victim is conscious or unconscious. The cabinet also includes an LCD display for furnishing visual information to the rescuer and a loudspeaker for providing audible intelligible prompts that are produced phonemes originating with a speech synthesizer LSI chip using the PARCOR method in response to signals provided by a microcomputer that processes the information indicated by the keyboard entries.The questions raised in reexamination request No. 90/001,169, filed Feb. 17, 1987, have been considered and the results thereof are reflected in this reissue patent which constitutes the reexamination certificate required by 35 U.S.C. 307 as provided in 37 CFR 1.570(e).