Abstract: A training electrode for use in training emergency personnel in electrocardiogram (EKG) defibrillation and monitoring is disclosed. An adhesive pad is fixedly attached to a connector comprising a connecting post and a connecting arm. Attached to the connecting arm is an electrical cable with a female-type adaptor at its distal end for connection to an electrocardiogram simulation signal generator. The connecting post inserts into a female-type adaptor from a defibrillator/monitor cable lead originating from a defibrillator/monitor. A detachable backing covers an adhesive surface of the adhesive pad such that the training electrode may be reused. Further, a training method is disclosed using the training electrode of the present disclosure and incorporating existing CPR mannequins and EKG simulation signal generators.

Abstract: A dummy for practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of a human being comprises a simulation of the thorax, the head and the lungs, with a spring device arranged in the thorax simulation to simulate the compression resistance of the thorax. The thorax simulation is a three-dimensional structure with a thorax cavity, which is cut out of flat foldable web material, for example, cardboard, along predetermined contour lines, folded along predetermined fold lines to provide the three-dimensional structure, and joined.

Abstract: A compressible piston (40) is disclosed for use in a CPR manikin to simulate the resistance of the human chest cavity. The piston (40) has a flexible corrugated upper wall (42) to permit compression and a lower rigid wall portion (43) to act as a tactile indicator of the limit of acceptable compression.

Abstract: A cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) aid is disclosed. It is in the form of a wrist watch (10) having a set of auxiliary push buttons (13, 14 and 15). When a push button (13, 14 or 15) is pressed, audible signals are emitted from a beeper (16) at a rate dependent on which of the push buttons (13, 14 or 15) is pressed for use in timing external heart massage. The appropriate one of a set of push button lights (23, 24 or 25) associated with respective ones of the push buttons (13, 14 or 15) flashes in synchronism with the audible signals for timing CPR in noisy areas. The watch also records the elapsed time since the initiation of the CPR signals and the number of timing signals produced.

Abstract: A valve means (1) is disclosed for use in a teaching manikin to simulate an open and closed airway of the human throat. The valve means comprises a section with a hollow passage and two end openings. A first opening fits onto a manikin head and a second opening seats on a sealing surface. When the head is tilted back the valve means (1) lifts to open the second end to permit the flow of air.

Abstract: A CPR training manikin having a separable, tiltable head mounted on the neck of the torso; a flexible nose/mouthpiece removably supported on said head portion; a ball valve assembly removably mounted to said head; flexible airway tubing communicating between said head and a lung bag through the ball valve, whereby lung bag is adapted to be inflated by breathing into the nose/mouthpiece while the head is tilted into a CPR-correct position in which the ball in the ball valve assembly is unseated, the orientation of the head in the CPR-correct position properly corresponding to the orientation of a head of a patient which will allow the administrator of CPR to inflate a human lung, and said ball valve is adapted to be closed by the displacement by gravity of the ball into the valve seat when the manikin head is not properly tilted or oriented into a position in which a human patient may be resuscitated by CPR techniques.

Abstract: A defibrillation training system (10) is disclosed for use in training individuals in the proper positioning of defibrillation electrodes on a patient. The system includes a pair of training electrodes (12), each of which includes a permanent magnet (40). The training electrodes are attached to a manikin (14) at two electrode placement sites (42 and 44) provided with arrays (46 and 48) of Hall-effect sensors. The magnetic field produced by the permanent magnet in each electrode is sensed by the corresponding array, allowing an electrode placement monitor (16), attached to the manikin, to determine the electrodes' positions. The placement monitor then determines whether any adjustments in the electrodes' positions are required and prompts the individual being trained accordingly.

Abstract: This rescue administration aid device is a portable unit which may be worn on a rescuer's wrist. It is operative in response to parameter entries by the rescuer according to the victim's condition to provide sequential procedural displays of medical standard rescue steps for assisting the rescuer in carrying out the correct rescue operation. The standard rescue procedure is stored in a microprocessor which, if necessary, can be re-programmed to update to a new rescue standard procedure. It includes a recall feature operative for reverse searching of any desired step in the display if the condition of the victim changes during the rescue operation. Additionally, distinct tone signals are emitted at selected steps of the rescue operation procedure to assist the rescuer in memorizing and conducting such steps in the rescue.

Abstract: A manikin can be used to demonstrate the diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax. A doll in the form of an infant has a ribcage placed in the thoracic cavity, and a balloon is received on one side and a dark filler is on the other. The balloon side will transilluminate as in an infant with pneumothorax to demonstrate the diagnosis; and, needle thoracentesis can be performed to deflate the balloon and to demonstrate the treatment. The ribcage provides realism in requiring accuracy in insertion of the needle between the ribs.

Abstract: In a model for practicing artifical respiration by means of a mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose resuscitation procedure, at least a part of the respiratory tract of the model is simulated by a plurality of successively disposed balloons which are each separably connected by their inflation connection to the closed end of the respective preceding balloon in interconnected relationship to form a continuous flat strip. The strip is wound to form a coil, with the coil being mounted rotatably in the model. In that way a plurality of such balloons are disposed in a coil and replacement of a used balloon by a fresh balloon is affected by pulling the used balloon out of the mouth or nose opening of the model and separating it from the adjoining balloon in the strip of balloons.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a fault triggering component for life-sustaining systems such as ventilating apparatus and anesthesia apparatus. The fault triggering unit is adapted so as to be connectable to or exchangeable with one of the standard plug-in components of the system. The fault triggering unit includes at least one remote-controllable drive member and this drive member is connected to a movable triggering component which triggers at least one fault with its movement. A circuit arrangement for assembling a training program for a ventilating apparatus having a lung simulator is also disclosed.

Abstract: A manikin with a disposable lung is used as a tool for teaching cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The manikin includes a head, chest, disposable lung, and compression device. The head includes a "mouth" opening to receive air blown into it by a user, and the chest is removably connected to the head. The disposable lung is removably connected to the head in communication with the mouth opening. The compression device preferably is a resilient dowel like member which extends vertically through the manikin chest, having a stop which positively prevents resilient compression of more than a certain amount.

Abstract: A manikin and control system is provided for use by a student practicing a procedure usually applied to the human body, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The system includes a manikin that has an artificial lung into which the student can blow to expand the lung, and a resilient chest which the student can compress. Sensors are provided in the manikin to accurately detect the instantaneous amount of lung expansion and chest compression. An A/D converter converts the sensor signals to digital signals and inputs them to a compact controller based on an inexpensive microcomputer chip which also stores the control program in ROM. Pushbuttons on the controller's front panel enable the student to select any one of a variety of teaching routines prestored in the microcomputer's ROM. The microcomputer then uses lamps on the panel and a speech synthesizer having prerecorded human speech stored in external ROM chips to issue instructions and advice to the student.

Abstract: A manikin and control system is provided for use by a student practicing a procedure normally applied to the human body, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The system includes a manikin that has an artificial lung into which the student can blow to expand the lung, and a resilient chest which the student can compress. Sensors are provided in the manikin to accurately detect the instantaneous amount of lung expansion and chest compression. An A/D converter converts the sensor signals to digital signals and inputs them to a compact controller based on an inexpensive microcomputer chip which also stores the control program in ROM. Pushbuttons on the controller's front panel enable the student to select any one of a variety of teaching routines prestored in the microcomputer's ROM. The microcomputer then uses lamps on the panel and a speech synthesizer having prerecorded human speech stored in external ROM chips to issue instructions and advice to the student.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for simulating and demonstrating the gas exchange during ventilation wherein the breathing gas is influenced with respect to its constituents by changing the portion of at least one breathing gas component metered to the carrier gas. The method permits simulation of physiological functions occurring during anesthesia such as the uptake and release of anesthetic agents. For this purpose, an anesthetic agent is admixed to the breathing gas and this anesthetic gas mixture is conducted through a reservoir filled with organic oil to simulate the anesthetic agent uptake and release by the human or animal body.

Abstract: A compact, portable, computer controlled device which provides timing and sequence guidance for helping the CPR rescuer remember what actions are required, and when the associated tasks need to be performed. The rescuer can select the correct logic for infant, child, or adult and can indicate whether the rescue is being performed by one or two people. Audible buzzers, synthetic voices, and indicator lamps guide the rescuer in the performance of CPR. In addition, the device to provides variable pacing rates for when a pulse is present and only artificial ventilation is required. It is a device that works equally as well in the training environment as well as in support of CPR during an actual emergency.

Abstract: A training device for practicing emergency life saving techniques is a manikin (1) comprising several hinged units, such as a head unit (17) equipped with a device for protection of trainees against cross infection, a neck unit (18), and a torso unit (19) which is made hollow to accommodate a rib cage unit and an abdomen unit, and a system (2) for simulation and control of reanimation states, which is electrically connected to the manikin (1) and comprises a reanimation state control unit (4), a videosimulator unit (3) for simulation of vital internal human organs, and a system of simulators of revivification process, installed in the manikin (1).

Abstract: A manikin and control system is provided for use by a student practicing a procedure normally applied to the human body, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The system includes a manikin that has an artificial lung into which the student can blow to expand the lung, and a resilient chest which the student can compress. Sensors are provided in the manikin to accurately detect the instantaneous amount of lung expansion and chest compression. An A/D converter converts the sensor signals to digital signals and inputs them to a compact controller based on an inexpensive microcomputer chip which also stores the control program in ROM. Pushbuttons on the controller's front panel enable the student to select any one of a variety of teaching routines prestored in the microcomputer's ROM. The microcomputer then uses lamps on the panel and a speech synthesizer having prerecorded human speech stored in external ROM chips to issue instructions and advice to the student.

Abstract: A disposable hygienic mask which is retrofitable to the nose and mouth contact areas of the face of an existing CPR dummy without damaging or permanently altering the face of the dummy. The mask is provided with filter chambers which are insertable in and indexed to the air passages of a CPR dummy and the chambers are configured to receive replaceable flexible filters. The mask, its securements, and its filters do not appreciably modify the flexibility, the functions, or the features of the CPR dummy to which it is attached.

Abstract: A manikin for practicing artificial respiration by the mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose method and comprising an inflatable lung element, a chest element and a head element having a cavity containing a replaceable bag surrounded by an elastically expandable cover having a predetermined internal volume in its state of rest, the bag having an air inlet which is airtightly connected with a replaceable mouth and nose element and the cavity in the head element being connected with the lung element through an air duct. The manikin does not malfunction in case of a leakage in the secondary air system.

Abstract: In a system and a method of testing a person in the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and for evaluating training exercises therein, a training device simulating a patient includes sensors for detecting various resuscitation procedures performed thereon. Parameter signals from the sensors are fed to a computer including a series of counters, a timing means and various memories, for analyzing the parameter signals and assessing whether the corresponding operations have been correctly or incorrectly performed. The values processed by the computer are then displayed on a display providing a clear moving representation of the procedures performed on the training device, the representation taking place in real time on the basis of corresponding signals from the timing means, whereby, by viewing the display, the trainee operator can directly check and if appropriate correct the resuscitation procedures he is performing.

Abstract: A one-way breathing device for use with cardiopulmonary resuscitation training mannequins has a hollow tapered conduit for insertion into the mouth of the training mannequin. A soft rubber outwardly extending flange at one end of the conduit is provided for engagement over the lips of the mannequin. A one-way valve at an opposite end of the conduit allows air to be blown into the mouth of the mannequin, but prevents air from exiting the interior of the mannequin through the mouth. In a second embodiment, a second radially extending flange is provided for engagement with the interior of the mouth of the mannequin to retain the conduit in position. Two different types of one-way valves are disclosed. A first type of valve utilizes a circular valve which is spring biased by a coil spring to a closed position. A second type of valve utilizes a spring biased ball check valve.

Abstract: The invention distinguishes between two aspects of learning the technique of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. One aspect is in learning what CPR feels like. The other is in learning the sequence of actions, times, rates, etc. It is the latter aspect that is more easily forgotten, and the invention provides a very inexpensive aid, which has the simplest possible mouth and chest simulators. The student can carry out a periodic repetition of the routine of motions on the aid. Refresher courses are then not needed so often, and the courses can concentrate on the "feel" aspects of CPR rather than the "routine" aspects. A simple and inexpensive teaching and practice aid for CPR is provided which has a stand on which a piece of foam material is mounted, and a generally self-supporting tube which has an upwardly facing open end. The other end of the tube is connected to a balloon. The structure and action of the device more or less replicates the physiology of a person in cardio-pulmonary arrest.

Abstract: An infant-sized mannequin is provided for use in training or practicing cardiopulmonary resuscitation involving synchronized insufflation and external cardiac massage manipulations. The mannequin is provided with lung-simulating structure, including a pressure switch transducer actuated by insufflations applied to the mannequin and producing an electrical signal indicative of the rate and pressure of the applied insufflations. The mannequin is also provided with a plunger mechanism actuatable by cardiac massage manipulations applied to the mannequin. The plunger mechanism in turn actuates a potentiometer transducer which produces an electrical signal indicative of the rate and depth of cardiac massage. The electrical signals are conveyed by wire connections to a recorder producing separate record traces of cardiac massage action and insufflation, for providing a visual record of the several CPR parameters indicative of the performance skill of one performing CPR on the mannequin.

Abstract: An interactive trainer/prompter device serves to provide visual and synthetic-speech prompts to a human operative to achieve a task that requires skills that may be critical, but infrequently required. In favorable embodiment, the trainer/prompter device is employed for cardio pulmonary resuscitation. The device has a plurality of actuator push buttons and indicator lamps, and provides synthetic voice prompts. The human operative follows synthetic-speech instructions, and interacts with the device by depressing the appropriate push button, for example, to indicate that a victim is not breathing, or has no detectable pulse.

Abstract: Simulator for practicing tracheal intubation comprising a manikin head attached to a support and having a skull comprising a movable lower jaw, and a neck connected to the skull and support so as to allow the manikin head to be tilted forwards and backwards, the simulator having an oral cavity and a throat comprising a thin-walled funnel-shaped element having at its upper edge a convex tongue element attached to the lower jaw and having at its lower end two ducts one simulating a trachea and the other simulating a gullet.

Abstract: A training manikin for teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation is provided with a hollow body in human form, with two nostril orifices and a mouth orifice, and an air passage extending from the nostril and mouth orifices entirely through the interior of the body to a flushing orifice, whereby the air passage is readily flushable through the introduction of a flushing fluid into the air passage through any one of the orifices. The manikin has simulated heart, pulmonary and pulse systems, with instant readout to a separate console box.